Name: Tio Defina Dolorosa Nainggolan

NIRM: 1712021139

Class: 3D

Oral Test

1. What is Linguistics?
Linguistics is the study of scientific of language
2. What is Language?
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which permits all people in a given
culture or the people who have learned the system of that culture to communicate or to
interact
3. What is the different between Human language and ‘Animal’ language?
Human have system in their communication, human also have pattern and structure. But
for animal, they do not have system and also pattern when communicate.
4. Language has the characteristics of followings. Explain them briefly and give
EXAMPLES!!

a. Displacement: Displacement is a capacity of human language to refer to things or

concept remote in time and space.
Example: When we are in Indonesia, we still can talk about the condition in London
b. Discreteness: Discreteness is capacity of human language to show it uniqueness.
Every human has own style to produce speech.
Example: Wira and Nata is sibling but they have different style when they talk and
produce words
c. Specialization: Specialization is the capacity of human language to express something
according to the situation.
Example: When we talking about something happy, we start to smile
d. Reflexiveness: Reflexiveness is how the user of language uses the language to explain
language itself
Example: I do not understand slang words by teenagers nowadays
 e. Duality Patterning: Duality Patterning is characteristic of human language which can
be explained by one meaning but in different meaning and also called as Double
articulation.
Example: individual sounds, Like ( E, A, T ) . As individual sounds, we can make
two word in different pronunciation and different meaning such as : Tea and Eat
5. What is Phonetics?
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that study about human physical sounds or how
human produce sounds.
6. What is Phonology?
Phonology is a branch of linguistics that study about the system sounds of languages.
7. Why is it important to study Phonetics and Phonology?
Because as we know human language and animal language is different because human
language has system when communicate to each other. So if we study about phonology
and phonetics, we can know how system sounds of language can make us communicate
well, and how we corrected our self when we do our pronunciations wrong.
8. What is syntax?
Syntax is the study of sentence structure or combinations of words. The basic unit of
syntax is the sentence which minimally consist of a verb
9. What is morphology?
Morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other
words in the same language
10. What is phoneme?
Phoneme is a sound or a group of different sounds perceived to have the same function
by speakers of the language or dialect in question
Example: An example is the English phoneme /k/, which occurs in words such as cat, kit,
scat, and skit.
11. Explain about competence and performance!
 Competence is the ability of native speaker of a certain language to understand
and to produce sentences though the sentences have never been heard before.
 Performance refers to the use of language knowledge either productively, namely:
speaking, writing or receptively, i.e. listening and reading.
12. Explain about Synchrony and Diachrony!
 Synchronic approach, to mention the other approach, is used when a linguist
wants to find out language changes in some periods of time. He tries to compare
the changes between one periods of time to another.
 Diachronic approach takes place when a study is conducted in finding out the
changes of a certain language in only one certain period of time without
necessarily comparing the results to the changes that probably happened in a
different period of time.
13. Explain Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic!
 Syntagmatic is when we arrange any language expression in the form of language
sounds (words, phrases, clauses, and sentences) horizontally from left to right.
 Paradigmatc is when we changing words vertically (the first sentence becomes the
second sentence) according to its class word
14. What is Derivation?
Derivation is the formation of new word or inflect able stem from another word or stem.
Example: “Happiness” is derived from “Happy”
15. What is inflection?
Inflection is the change in the form of a word to mark such distinctions as tense, person,
number, voice, and case/
Example: noun plural like pen become pens