LECTURE # 2

Engineering/technical drawing:

It is a language of engineers. An engineer must be well conversant with drawings. Drawings represent
reduced shape of structure and the owner will be able to see what is going to happen. Drawings are
prepared as per the requirements of owner. In case of public buildings, the functional aspects are
studied and accordingly the drawings are prepared as per recommendations laid down in Building Code
and specifications. Any modifications like additions or omissions can be suggested from a study of the
drawings before actual construction of the structure is started. Drawings provide a language with
specific data to Architects, Engineers and workmen at the site to construct the structure accordingly.

Need of drawings:

Following are the main needs for which drawings are required;

• Formalization of a system of communication in which ideas are expressed exactly, information is

conveyed completely and clearly, and even the most complicated shapes are specifically described.

• Estimation the quantities of construction material for total cost of project.

• Development of construction documents, which provide complete information of all the work of
project (scope).

• Provision for facilities as sewerage, water supply, HVAC, electrical, etc in main drawings.

• To record the actual details of construction after completion of project.

Requirement of drawings:

• Drawing should be clear, simple and clean.

• Drawings should be according to proper mentioned scale for each view.

• Exact information should be provided in order to carry out the work at site for missing measurements.

• Only minimum notes to support the drawings should be indicated in the drawings.

• Sufficient space should be provided between the views so as to mark the dimensions without
crowding.

• Proper reference number of drawing should be given with type (architecture, structural etc.), number
(e.g. UB/ST/GF/BM/030/01 which read as UB-University building project, ST-Structural drawing, GF-
Ground Floor, BM-Beam, 030-Drawing number, 01-Revision number). This reference number helps for
indication in correspondence, refer to elevations or cross sections etc.
• Revisions must be notified to everyone and recorded.

• Keep drawings well covered with plastic sheets and place them in proper space.

TYPES OF BUILDINGS

I. Residential building:
House; a building which contains one or a number of dwellings, or one whose sole purpose is to
serve dwelling and housing. Dwelling is a permanent residential unit containing sleeping,
cooking and sanitary facilities; the collective name for a house, flat, home etc. House is a
freestanding dwelling with living space for one family unit; often also called a one-family house
or single-family house.
II. Commercial building:
A building for the practice for business (restaurants, shops, etc.), e.g. PACE, The Mall, Hafeez
Center etc.
III. Religious building:
A building such as a church, mosque or temple which has religious significance or in which
sacred rituals are performed. It is also called sacral building, e.g. Jamia Masjid, etc.
IV. Recreational building:
It is a structure or shelter or place where people come in leisure time for enjoyment, e.g.
garden, parks, play land, Cinema Theater etc.
V. Industrial building:
A building for the production or manufacture of materials, goods and products, e.g. factories,
mills, laundries, refineries etc.
VI. Hospital building:
It is a building provides health care services to people, e.g. Doctors hospital, Jinnah hospital etc.
VII. Educational building:
A building offering taught instruction including nursery and elementary schools, secondary and
specialized schools, colleges and universities, e.g. UOL, PU etc.