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Filtration - Separating solids from liquids Evaporation - Separating solids from liquids Simple Distillation - Separating the solvent from a solution
If a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, we say that it is insoluble. Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. For Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent from a
For example, sand does not dissolve in water – it is insoluble. example, copper sulfate is soluble in water – its crystals dissolve solution. For example, water can be separated from salt
in water to form copper sulfate solution. During evaporation, the solution by simple distillation. This method works because
Filtration is a method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. water evaporates away leaving solid copper sulfate crystals water has a much lower boiling point than salt. When the
When a mixture of sand and water is filtered: behind. solution is heated, the water evaporates. It is then cooled and
condensed into a separate container. The salt does not
evaporate and so it stays behind.
the sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes the
residue)
the water passes through the filter paper (it becomes the
filtrate)
Water evaporates and its vapours rise. The water vapour passes
into the condenser, where it cools and condenses. Liquid water
drips into a beaker
The mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel. The volume of the solution has decreased because some of the
water has evaporated. Solid particles begin to form in the basin.
All the water has evaporated from the salt solution, leaving the
salt behind
Every pure substance has its own particular melting point and
The liquid particles are small enough to pass through the filter paper as boiling point. One way to check the purity of the separated
a filtrate. The solid particles are too large to pass through the filter liquid is to measure its boiling point. For example, pure water
paper and stay behind as a residue. All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind. boils at 100°C. If it contains any dissolved solids, its boiling point
will be higher than this.