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1 𝐾𝐽 = 1000 𝐽
1𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 1.055056 𝐾𝐽
1 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 4.1868 𝐽
ℎ = 𝑢 + 𝑃𝑣 𝑃𝑣 = 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜
CALORES ESPECIFICOS DE GASES, LIQUIDOS Y SOLIDOS
𝑃𝑣 = 𝑅𝑇 𝑜 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑅𝑇
𝑐𝑝 = 𝑐𝑣 + 𝑅
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠: 𝑜
𝐾𝑔. 𝐶 𝐾𝑔. 𝐾
1𝐾𝐽 1𝐽 1𝐾𝐽 1𝐽
≡ ≡ ≡
𝐾𝑔. 𝐶 𝑔. 𝐶 𝐾𝑔. 𝐾 𝑔. 𝐾
∆𝑢 = 𝑐𝑣,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 ∆𝑇 𝑦 ∆ℎ = 𝑐𝑝,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 ∆𝑇 (𝐽/𝑔)
∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑣,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 ∆𝑇 𝑦 ∆𝐻 = 𝑚𝑝,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 ∆𝑇 (𝐽)
𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑣 = 𝑐𝑝
𝑄 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑐𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 ∆𝑇 (𝐽)
TRANSFERENCIA DE LA ENERGIA
1ℎ𝑝 = 746𝑊
𝑄 = 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝐽
𝑄̇ = 𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑎 𝑊
𝑠
𝑄 = 𝑄̇ ∆𝑡 (𝐽)
𝑄̇ 𝑊 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑞̇ = ( 2) 𝑜 ( ) 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟
𝐴 𝑚 ℎ. 𝑓𝑡 2
PRIMERA LEY DE LA TERMODINAMICA
BALANZA DE ENERGIA
𝐸𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑙
⏟ = ∆𝐸𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎
⏟
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎𝑠
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎,𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎,𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎,
𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙,𝑒𝑡𝑐
EN FORMA DE RAZONES
⏟̇
𝐸𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑙̇ = 𝑑𝐸𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 /𝑑𝑡
⏟
𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑅𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠
𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟, 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛,𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙,𝑒𝑡𝑐.
ESTADO ESTACIONARIO, FORMA DE RAZONES:
𝐸
⏟̇ 𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐸
⏟̇ 𝑠𝑎𝑙
𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎
𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎,ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜, 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎, ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑎,
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎
𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 𝑄𝑠𝑎𝑙
⏟ + 𝐸
⏟𝑔𝑒𝑛 = ∆𝐸
⏟ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎,𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 (𝐽
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑎
𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎
BALANCE DE ENERGIA PARA SISTEMAS CERRADOS (masa fija)
𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝐸𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑙 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑐𝑣 ∆𝑇 (𝐽)
𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜: 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐𝑣 ∆𝑇
𝑚̇ 𝑚3
𝑉̇ = 𝑉𝐴𝑐 = ( ) 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝜌 𝑠
𝑚̇𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑚̇𝑠𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚̇
𝑄̇ = 𝑚̇∆ℎ = 𝑚̇𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑇 (𝐾𝐽/𝑠)
𝑑𝑇
𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = −𝑘𝐴 (𝑊)
𝑑𝑥
CONDUCTIVIDAD TERMICA
DIFUSIVIDAD TERMICA
𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑘
∝= = (𝑚2 /𝑠) 𝜌𝑐𝑝 = 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝜌𝑐𝑝
CONVECCION