Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
Data of the study are compiled by signing, comparing, and grouping the
words on the Sony Ericsson W200i User’s Guide Book in English and Bahasa
Indonesia version into borrowing category. The theory of borrowing word helps in
applying the theory, the writer rechecks the classified words by looking up both
the English and Bahasa Indonesia dictionary to know the meaning of each word
and whether the word has equivalence in Bahasa Indonesia. Understanding the
meaning and the available equivalence of the words in TL, the writer can really
determine the words which are included into borrowing word and which one is
not.
The table below list the borrowing found on the user guide book. The
underlined words in source language column are borrowing words found on the
user guide book in its English version. Meanwhile, the underlined in target
language column are the translation of borrowing words in user’s guide book
Bahasa Indonesia version. Each corpus is added with the page where the corpus
can be found in the book. The SL and TL are arranged side by side to ease
borrowing words. The writer uses some dictionaries to support the analysis to find
25
26
Gramedia, 2003)
Here are the data descriptions of English Borrowing Words in Sony Ericsson
Borrowing
Source Language Target Language
No. Page Page Translation
(SL) (TL)
Types
B. Data Analysis
The above data are analyzed below. The analysis will be explaining about
the Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL). The analysis uses Charles
F. Hocket’s theory of borrowing word. And also will use the dictionaries to get
the meaning many words from SL to TL. The data also will classify to the types
of borrowing word.
1. Loan Word
SL: Settings
TL: Setting
whose meaning is to specify for the real meaning in Bahasa Indonesia. But the
contextual meaning. The term also has no equivalent collocation in the translation
Based on the case, the term setting is usually to set the mode or system in
the hand phone. Like what we want to set the phone as we prefer. How comfort
1
McGraw-Hill, Dictionary of Electrical & Computer Engineering, (U.S: The McGraw-Hill
Companies, 2003) p. 518
2
Jack Febrian, Kamus Komputer & Teknologi Informasi, (Bandung: Penerbit Informatika, 2007),
p. 373
3
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia, (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2003), p.515
29
we use that phone. An Indonesian always says the word setting than setelan or
pengaturan, the word setting is more general and others people more understand
that word. This word is categorized as a loan word, because it has similar meaning
and spelling.
2. Loan Word
Menu means a display of a series of option choice designed to lead a user the
further menu.4 Penuntun fasilitas yang tersedia, untuk mengarahkan user dalam
memilih proses yang akan dieksekusi.5 Menu is a list of options from which a user
programs, especially those that offer a graphical interface, use menus as a means
Menu also has a general spelling in Indonesia. Many people say word menu
to choose the many choices. An Indonesian more familiar with this word.
Basically, in Bahasa also has a word itself, sometimes we call by daftar6. But, in a
science of technology uses the word menu. When there is man/women ask to their
4
The British Computer Society School Committee, A Glossary of Computing Terms, (London:
Pitman Publishing, 1991), p. 74
5
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 291
6
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p.378
30
friends about menu in computer or hand phone. They'll say the word menu; same
as in the hand phone occurred. And they will say the word menu in anywhere or
foreign language not with the word daftar. The word menu which keeps in SL
Tab means to order a set of data into a table form, or to print a set of data as
a table form, or to print a set of data as a table, usually indicating differences and
totals, or just totals.7 Singkatan dari tombol tabulasi, merupakan tombol bantuan
penulisan teks. Khusus untuk peloncatan posisi kursor ini, tempatnya ditentukan
oleh tabulator.8
arrow that traditionally (as in word processing) is used to insert tab characters into
often used to move the on-screen highlight from place to place. Many database
and spreadsheet programs allow the user to press the Tab key to move around
within a record or between cells. The word tab is short for “tabulator,” which was
the name given to this key on typewriters, where it was used in creating tables.
directly used in the translation. The Englishman may common with the meaning
7
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 571
8
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 402
31
of the term; but, not with the Indonesian. The word label9 that is found in English-
Indonesia Dictionary may not replace the SL tab since the word of label is only
appropriate for replacing the SL formal meaning of tab, not the SL contextual
has no equivalent for replacing the term. Even, TL also uses the word to mean the
that it cannot replaced in TL translation process which causes the loan word.
3. Loan Word
displays pages from the World Wide Web.10 Perangkat lunak untuk berselancar
Wide Web.11 Base on the definition above, software that lets a user view HTML
documents and access files and software related to those documents. Originally
developed to allow users to view or browse documents on the World Wide Web,
Most Web browsers are also capable of downloading and transferring files. This
word that equivalent in meaning to replace the SL browser. SL term is not only
users commonly use the term for referring the SL contextual meaning. The global
9
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p.576
10
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 63
11
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 72
32
use of SL words in TL; and, the absence of TL that may replace the SL word in
the translation process cause the loan word. The word browser also more familiar.
4. Loan Word
computer consumes less power when it is idle but remains available for immediate
memory is lost. Base on the meaning in Bahasa. The word standby is siaga.13 But
the translator not translated with the word siaga. He prefers translated it with the
word standby too. The translator more understands with an Indonesian. This word
more understand the meaning of standby than siaga. The word standby often use
in many sciences. Because it more simple when the people use this word. This
word is kind of loan word type, because, it has similar meaning and spelling.
5. Loan Word
12
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 547
13
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 495
33
Bookmaark means a Web page location (URL) which is saved by a user for
specific point in a document to which the user may wish to return for later
This word bookmark does exist in Bahasa Indonesia too. Probably the
translator better translated the word bookmark into bookmark again. Because this
word more suitable than to say long word such as the meaning bookmark in
collocation that may replace the collocation. The translator seems to be missed the
equivalent collocation of SL. Once again, losing collocation that occurs to the TL
for replacing SL causes the loan word. Because of that, TL keeps the SL word in
the translation.
6. Loan Word
collection of related records.17 Arsip yang disimpan dalam suatu media, yang
14
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 58
15
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 67
16
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 63
17
The British Computer Society School Committee, Op, Cit., p. 18
34
terdiri dari kumpulan karakter, dan didokumentasikan dalam bentuk data digital
The word file that borrowed with Indonesian language is similar with the
The people say the word file the other will understand than arsip19. The word
arsip is the oldest word when an English language before be the international
language. Today, the people more compatible with the word file, even in around
campus and office. And the word file now is the basic word in Indonesia. So, the
translator borrowed this word into user guide book as a loan word.
7. Loan Word
biasanya berupa teks, yang dikirimkan dari satu alamat ke alamat lain di
jaringan internet.21 Short for electronic mail. The exchange of text messages and
18
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 190
19
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 240
20
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 198
21
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 164
35
(pelayan) jaringan. Server mengatur lalu lintas data dalam sebuah jaringan dan
menyediakan resource yang dapat dipakai oleh komputer lain yang terhubung
running administrative software that controls access to the network and its
resources, such as printers and disk drives, and provides resources to computers
. These two SL are international term that the words are also used in TL. The
language has no comparable words that may replace the SL word with an exact
contextual meaning; even, the SL words email and server are borrowed into TL to
convey the meaning. It is clear that the circumstance of international term occurs
here and makes the two words need not be translated. No different meaning and
8. Loan Word
TL: Gunakan gambar sebagai screen saver, wallpaper atau sebagai item
dalam
Kontak
The case of screen saver and wallpaper here is similar with the above
analysis; that the two words are international term. Screen saver which means a
22
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 518
23
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 372
36
program that launches when a computer is not in use for a predetermined period,
yang ditampilkan apabila tidak ada respon input ke komputer dari user dalam
jangka waktu tertentu (Windows).25 Screen saver means a utility that causes a
monitor to blank out or display a certain image after a specified amount of time
passes without the keyboard being touched or the mouse being moved. Touching
biasanya juga terletak beberapa icon sebagai jalan pintas untuk menuju suatu
aplikasi. Wallpaper ini juga dikenal dengan istilah Desktop.27 Wallpaper means
indicating that borrowing word type of loan word occurs in the translation process
9. Loan Word
24
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 508
25
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 368
26
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 627
27
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 446
37
programs and/or data from main frame to other, usually smaller, computers. The
server secara remote. Mengambil file atau mentransfer file dari satu komputer ke
komputer lainnya.30
This word has not equivalence for the meaning of download. It is different
with the English word load that Bahasa Indonesia keeps the equivalence. The
computer/hand phone, not move something in the physical life, for instance is
download. Actually, the meaning download in Bahasa is unduh when I saw that
word in google chrome and many browsers, but the word unduh seldom to hear.
The people more familiar with the SL word. The translator replace the SL word to
particular operation is to be performed and which may also indicate the operands
28
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 175
29
The British Computer Society School Committee, Op. Cit., p. 64
30
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 157
38
Indonesia has no common word to mean the contextual meaning. The dictionary
meaning has no compatible meaning to make the word understandable with the
users. This is kind of loan blend, because it has a similar meaning but different in
spelling.
Memory means any apparatus in which data may be stored and from which
the same data may be retrieved; especially, the internal, high-speed, large-capacity
computer memory.34 Bagian dari komputer yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan data
dan program.35 Memory means a device where information can be stored and
retrieved. In the most general sense, memory can refer to external storage such as
31
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 295
32
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 241
33
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 325
34
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 359
35
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 290
39
ingatan, daya ingat36. It has no contextual meaning with SL word. The word
memory has replaced with translator to be the actual word. Which has all of
people more understand the meaning memory for technology (hand phone). This
is kind of loan blend, because it has a similar meaning but different in spelling.
unit and conveys a single unit of information.37 Bahasa Indonesia may convey the
similar meaning with several equivalences such as barang, menu, unit,38 barang,
artikel.39 The SL term can be translated, but the TL are too general for expressing
SL term Item means a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of
when included in a list or collection. This is kind of loan word, because it has a
36
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 378
37
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 309
38
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 254
39
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 332
40
used to replace the TL word. The translator used the word transfer in TL word
because the reader should more understand the meaning for purpose of the SL
word in using the hand phone. The SL word is International word. This is kind of
Entry means Input data fed during the execution of program by means of a
entry in SL word has a similar meaning but the spelling is different. This word has
borrowed into TL language but it’s kind of loan blend. When the word in English
40
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 312
41
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 414
42
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 601
43
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 207
44
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 174
45
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 216
41
language known by Indonesian people, then they will use it to describe and it’s no
allows them to use the internet, send and receive message by e-mail, etc.46 the
Misalnya account anda dalam suatu komputer jaringan, atau pada suatu
meaning cannot be covered by any Bahasa Indonesia lexicon. The word has no
comparable collocation for replacing the SL term to convey the similar contextual
facilities between two points.49 Or terhubungnya suatu objek dengan objek yang
46
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 9
47
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 9
48
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 6
49
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 333
42
cause the translation to be confusing in its process. The borrowing word is kind of
communicating device constantly transmits worthless data and thereby locks out
all other device on the line.52 In Bahasa means Suatu cara untuk mendapatkan
multimedia sound or video, in a steady flow that the recipient can access as the
control the motion of the tape by removing tape buffers. Bahasa Indonesia has no
common word to means the contextual meaning. The dictionary keeps the
the contextual meaning. TL collocation is absent for referring the meaning so that
50
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 274
51
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 360
52
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 555
53
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 391
54
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 560
43
represented by any TL collocation that shows the loan word occurs in the
address or in any register of a computer.55 In another dictionaries are Isi56. Isi atau
substansi Data dan/atau Informasi berupa input dan output dari penyelenggaraan
content. Even the word is also used in TL to mean the contextual meaning which
Install means a computer program that adapts a software package for use on
55
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 115
56
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 143
57
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 114
58
McGraw-Hill, Op. Cit., p. 295
44
means to set in place and prepare for operation. Operating systems and application
most of the work of preparing the program to work with the computer, printer, and
other devices. However Bahasa Indonesia has no certain word for conveying the
exactly replace the SL word in the translation process although the word may
before share one exponent of SL install which is one of the source for loan blend
in the translation process that causes the word makes SL word be used in TL
directly.
59
Jack Febrian, Op. Cit., p. 241
60
John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily, Op. Cit., p. 325