Sediment Basin Design Example

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
Given:
“K” value (per APWA 5602.2):

K2 = 1
K25 = 1.1

Rational Method Runoff Coefficient, “C” = 0.51 (per APWA 5602.3)

Drainage Area, “A” = 18 acres

Time of Concentration, “Tc” = 5 minutes (per APWA 5602.7)

Rainfall Intensity, “I” (per APWA Table 5602-2):

2 year/50% storm – I = 5.4 in/hr

25 year/4% storm – I = 8.5 in/hr

Bottom of Sediment Basin Elevation: 1035.0

Basin Volume Data: – Rectangular Basin – 100’ wide x 180’ long with 3:1 side
slopes:

Stage/Storage Chart:

Elevation Area (SF) Volume (CF) Volume (CY) Cumulative

Volume (CY)
1035 18,000
18,850 700 700

1036 19,700
20,600 760 1,460

1037 21,500

22,450 830 2,290

1038 23,400
900 3,190
24,350
1039 25,300

Riser: Perforated CMP pipe

Emergency Spillway: 10 foot wide 20 foot long spillway with 3:1 side slopes.
Stabilized with a TRM. Spillway longitudinal slope of 20:1.

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
Task – Design the Sediment Basin:
Step 1 - Determine Design Flows:

Answer:

Q2 = KCIA (per APWA 5602.2) = 1.0 x 0.51 x 5.4 x 18 = 50 cfs

Q25 = 1.1 x 0.51 x 8.5 x 18 = 86 cfs

Step 2 – Determine required Sediment Storage:

From Page 6 of the design standards: The storage volume shall be 134 cubic yards per
tributary acre to the basin. The tributary area
shall include all areas that drain to the basin,
including any offsite areas or undisturbed areas.

Answer:

Minimum Sediment Storage = 18 acres x 134 cy/acre = 2,412 CY*

* Note – Storage Volume is based on Total Tributary Area to basin – not just the
area being disturbed.

Step 3 – Determine Top of Primary Riser Elevation:

Required Storage Volume = 2,412 CY

Answer:

Interpolating from stage/storage chart – Top of Primary Riser Elevation = 1038.1

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
Step 4 - Determine Required Riser Pipe Perforations:

Table 5108.12A – Drawdown Mechanism Sizing Chart

Perforated Riser Hole Diameter (1)

Tributary Drainage
Single Column 4-Column 12-Column Riser
Area Skimmer
Riser Riser (inches)
(inches)
(inches) (inches)
3-5 acres 1.0 N/A N/A 2.0

5.1 to 10 acres 1.3 0.5 N/A 2.6

10.1 to 15 acres N/A 0.7 N/A 3.3

15.1 to 20 acres N/A 0.8 0.5 4.0
20.1 to 25 acres N/A 0.9 0.5 4.4

25.1 to 30 acres N/A 1.0 0.6 4.8

30.1 to 35 acres N/A 1.1 0.6 5.1

35.1 to 40 acres N/A 1.2 0.7 5.5
Notes:
(1) Perforated riser hole diameters based on 6-inch on center spacing vertically.
(2) Minimum diameter – ½ inch, Maximum diameter 1-1/2 inch.
(3) Source of data - Interpolated from Penn State University Fact Sheet #F253 – “Controlling Dewater of
Sediment Basins”.
(4) Drawdown based on 134 CY/acre storage volume and 48 hour target drawdown period.

Answer:

Use a 4 column riser with 0.8-inch holes at 6 inch spacing (vertically), OR a 12

column riser with 0.5-inch holes. For simplicity, specify 5/8” diameter holes
(.625”) for a 4 – column riser. This will draw down the basin in approximately 48
hours.

Step 5 – Determine Size of Primary Spillway:

From Page 7 of the design standards:
The principal spillway shall be designed to pass the
50% (2 year) storm without overtopping the
emergency spillway. To aide the designer, Table
5108.12B can be used for determining principal
spillway capacity.

From Table 5108.12B on Page 8 of the design standards: A 36 inch riser will
pass 50 CFS at a ponded depth of 2.25 feet.

Answer:

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
Use a 36-inch riser/barrel, therefore r = 1.5 feet.

Step 6 – Determine Required Size of Concrete Anchor:

Compute displaced volume of riser/barrel:

Riser Height = L = 1038.1 – 1035 = 3.1 feet.

Riser Volume = πr^2 x L = πx 1.5^2 x 3.1 = 21.9 CF

Buoyant force: 21.9 CF x 64 lb/CF x 1.25 Factor of Safety = 1,752 lbs

Minimum Required Concrete Anchor = 1,752 lbs/150 lbs/CF = 11.7 CF

Answer:

11.7 CF of concrete required – round up to 1/2 CY of concrete

Note – if the barrel section of pipe is not entirely buried in the dam, its volume
must also be added to the above computations.

Step 7 – Determine Cleanout Elevation:

Cleanout Elevation = ½ of distance from bottom of basin to top of principal riser

Bottom of Basin= 1035.0

Top of Principal Spillway = 1038.1

Answer:

Cleanout Level = 1036.6

Step 8 - Determine Minimum Emergency Overflow Elevation;

Set Emergency Overflow at or above the 2 year design storm elevation – no

extra freeboard is required.

Answer:

Emergency Spillway Elevation = Primary Spillway Elev. + 2 year design flow

depth
= 1038.1 + 2.25 feet = 1040.4

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
Step 9 – Design Emergency Spillway:

Use weir flow calculation and 25 year storm to determine depth. Do not reduce
design flow for flows in primary spillway (assume primary spillway is plugged)

Compute Flow Depth:

Assuming Broad Crested Weir, L = 10 feet in length.

Q = C x L x H ^ 3/2

Or

H = (Q / (C x L)) ^ 2/3

For Q = 86 cfs:

Assume C = 2.63

H = (86 / (2.63 x 10) ^ 2/3

H = 2.03 feet

Answer:

Flow Depth = 1040.4 + 2.03 = 1042.4

Step 10 – Design Emergency Spillway Protection Material:

The emergency spillway will need to be designed to resist velocities on the

steepest portion of the spillway. This will nearly always require appropriately
sized rip-rap and a bedding rock material.

Maximum Allowable Discharge (cfs) Down Emergency Spillway

Based on given Bottom Width and Size of Rip-Rap,

using 3:1 side slopes of spillway sides
and a maximum slope down the spillway of 20% (5:1 H:V)

KDOT Nominal Bottom Width *** Typ. Flow Design

Specification D50 (inch) V-ditch (0') 2 ft. 4 ft. 6 ft. 8 ft. 10 ft. Depth (ft) Depth (ft)
6" Stone ** 6" 2 4 7 10 13 16 0.3 1.00
Riprap (Light 18") * 11" 5 13 21 29 37 45 0.7 1.00
Riprap (Light 24") * 16" 13 28 44 59 74 89 0.9 1.50
Riprap (1/4 Ton) * 22" 29 48 69 91 113 135 1.2 2.00

* Riprap as per KDOT Specification Subsection 1116, Table 11, Stone for Riprap
** Stone as per KDOT Specification Subsection 1116, Table 12b, Stone for Aggregate Ditch Lining
*** Maximum discharges for 0' through 6 ft. bottom widths taken from Charts 15 through 18 of Federal Highway
Administration HEC-15 Manual "Design of Roadside Channels with Flexible Lining", April 1988.
Discharge values for 8 ft and 10 ft widths were extrapolated based on the changes between the 4 ft and 6 ft widths.

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
The above chart may be used to determine the maximum allowable discharge
down the emergency spillway.

For Q = 76 cfs and W = 10 feet:

Answer:

Use KDOT Light 24” Rip Rap.

Step 11 - Determine Minimum Top of Dam Elevation:

Minimum Top of Dam = Emergency Spillway Design Depth plus 1 foot freeboard

= 1042.4 + 1.0

= 1043.4

Answer:

Minimum elevation for top of dam = 1043.4.

Step 12 - Determine if flow baffles are required:

Determine Effective Width (We)

We = A/L – where A is pond area when empty, L is flow path length through the
pond.

From Stage/Storage data, A = 18,000 SF

L = 180 feet
We = A/L = 18,000/180 = 100 feet

Length/Width Ratio = L/We = 180/100 = 1.8

Answer:

Since 1.8 < 2.0, interior baffles are required.

Try increasing flow path length to 190 feet. – We = 18,000/190 = 94.7

Length/Width Ration = 190/94.7 = 2.00 – OK

Arrange baffles to increase flow path length to 190 feet minimum.

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc
 Sediment Basin Data Design Summary

Site Data:
Tributary Drainage Area to Pond 18 acres
50% (2 year) Design Flow 50 cfs
4% (25 year) Design Flow 86 cfs
Pond Data:
Minimum Sediment Storage Volume 2,412 cy
Bottom Elevation 1035.0
Sediment Cleanout Elevation 1036.6
Top of Riser Elevation 1038.1
Emergency Spillway Elevation 1040.4
Top of Dam Elevation 1043.4
Basin Shape Data:
Area at Normal Pool (A) 18,000 SF
Flow Path Length (L) 180 Ft
Effective Width (A/L) 100 Ft
Length to Width Ratio 1.8
Principal Spillway Data:
Riser Pipe Diameter 36-inch
Barrel Pipe Diameter 36-inch
Riser Pipe Base Size ½ cy
Riser Pipe - # of Perforation Columns 4 column
Riser Pipe – Perforation Diameter 5/8-inch
Emergency Spillway Data:
Design Flow 86 cfs
Design Depth at Crest 2.03 ft
Design Width 10 ft
Riprap required KDOT Light 24 inch

Tributary Drainage Area to Pond: 18 acres

50% (2 year) Design Flow: 50 cfs
4% (25 year) Design Flow:

O:\policies and procedures\policies - es division\draft es policies and procedures\ESC Updates for 2005\Final Documents for
Website\Sediment Basin Design Example.doc