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Code Requirements
Learning Objectives In 1990, the CSA B44 standard
After reading this article, you was the first to codify a requirement
should have learned about for an elevator emergency brake
◆ the history of and code require- such as the Rope Gripper. This came
ments for elevator emergency after a directive was issued in 1988
brakes. in the province of Ontario, where
◆ the principle behind the Rope several accidents had occurred. In
GripperTM emergency brake. 2000, the ASME A17.1 code (now
◆ the components and basic harmonized with B44) added the
operation of the Rope Gripper. emergency-brake requirements. These
◆ proper mounting of the brake are contained in the current ASME
unit and pump unit. A17.1 and CSA B44 codes in section
◆ Rope Gripper control circuits. 2.19, and provide an extra measure
◆ testing and inspection proce- of protection against two potentially
dures for the Rope Gripper. life-threatening situations.
Although there are many require-
History ments that an elevator emergency
The Rope Gripper from Hollister- brake must conform to, its primary
Whitney is a commonly used emer- purpose is to protect against 1) as-
gency brake for geared traction ele- cending car overspeed and 2) unin-
vators in North America. There are tended car movement with doors
tens of thousands already installed open. The applicable code rules for
and working, with thousands more these are found in ASME A17.1/CSA
installed every year. Elevator mechan- B44 sections 2.19.1 and 2.19.2, re-
ics need to understand this important spectively. This article will delve
safety device – how it is installed, how deeper into the code requirements in
it works and how to make sure it later sections.
keeps working properly. Why a Rope Brake?
The Rope Gripper was developed There are other elevator emer-
by Hollister-Whitney and its sister gency brakes, but the rope brake is
company GAL Manufacturing in the effective and widely accepted.
Value: 1 contact hour
late 1980s. A series of elevator acci- Sheave Brakes – devices to arrest
dents pointed out the need for a the rotation of the driving sheave This article is part of ELEVATOR WORLD’s
backup device to be deployed if the have been available as emergency Continuing Education program. Elevator-industry
driving machine of a traction eleva- brakes. The major drawbacks of personnel required to obtain continuing-education
these designs are that they are very credits can receive one hour of credit by reading
tor became somehow disengaged from
the article and completing the assessment exami-
the machine brake. In these cases, be- hard on other machine components
nation questions found on page 111.
cause the counterweight is often heav- (specifically the sheave itself), and
For this article and more continuing-education
ier than the car, the elevator would there is the potential to stop the
opportunities, visit www.elevatorbooks.com
often move up. Hollister-Whitney sheave without stopping an ascend-
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
EDUCATION PROGRAM
the proper device to prevent it. the drive sheave is suddenly stopped).
Continued
February 2007 | ELEVATOR WORLD | 59
Continuing Education: Rope Gripper Continued
Figure 4
Figure 5
1 With car not moving, move the ON/OFF switch The Rope Gripper should activate and power Remove the car from service, check
into the OFF position. should be removed from the driving machine circuitry and retest before returning to
and brake. service.
2 With the car level at a floor and the car and The Rope Gripper should activate in 10 Remove the car from service, check
hoistway doors open, manually open the brake inches (250 millimeters) and stop the car circuitry and retest before returning to
and allow the car to drift up (empty) and down inside 48 inches (1220 millimeters), and service.
(125% of rated load) away from the floor. power should be removed from the driving
machine and brake. Manual reset is required.
3 Manually lift the brake and overspeed the The Rope Gripper should activate and stop Remove the car from service, check
empty car in the up direction so that the the car. Power should be removed from the circuitry and retest before returning to
governor switch is activated. Caution: be driving machine and brake. Manual reset is service.
prepared to apply the brake. required.
3alt If it is impractical to overspeed the car, The Rope Gripper should activate and stop Remove the car from service, check
manually lift the brake, run the car in the up the car. Power should be removed from the circuitry and retest before returning to
direction at high speed and manually trip the driving machine and brake. Manual reset is service.
governor overspeed switch. required. NOTE: independently check the
governor tripping speed.
4 With the ON/OFF switch in the OFF position, Manual-mode microswitch contacts should Remove the car from service, check
and the Rope Gripper clamping the ropes, place open and the car should be prevented from circuitry and retest before returning to
the pump valve in the manual mode. running. The hand pump should work to open service.
the Rope Gripper.
5 With the ON/OFF switch in the OFF position The Rope Gripper should not reset. The car Remove the car from service, check
and the Rope Gripper clamping the ropes, should be prevented from running. circuitry and retest before returning to
while manually activating the “excessive wear” service.
microswitch, move the ON/OFF switch to ON.
Figure 11
Visual Inspection: Observe the following conditions when inspecting a Rope Gripper.
No. Observe Look For Action
1 How the ropes pass between the stationary Ropes should be an even distance from the Uneven ropes or a gripper that is installed at a
and movable shoes on the Rope Gripper shoes, side to side and top to bottom. Ropes bad angle will cause excessive and
should almost touch the stationary shoe accelerated brake-lining wear. Test for proper
lining. operation. Corrective action is required.
(Verify at acceptance.)
2 The depth of the grooves that the ropes A groove depth of no more than 3/16 inches 3/16 inches (4.8 millimeters) is the maximum
have worn in the brake linings (4.8 millimeters) or a remaining lining groove depth. Test for proper operation. The
thickness of less than 1/16 inches (1.6 “excessive wear” microswitch will soon keep
millimeters.) the Rope Gripper from resetting. Linings
should to be replaced soon.
3 The distance that the rotating shaft extends The rotating cam should make the corner at Assuming that there is adequate lining
up the power cam when the gripper is the bottom and extend about 1/2 inches (12.5 thickness left, the wear shims can be used to
activated (clamping the ropes) millimeters) up the power cam. return the rotating shaft to the correct
position. Test for proper operation and shim
between movable shoe and support block.
4 Hydraulic fluid level With the Rope Gripper in the “ready” Low hydraulic fluid is not normal. Look for
position, the pump-reservoir dipstick should leaks. Test for proper operation. Fluid should
show approximately 1 inch (25 millimeters) be replaced immediately.
of oil.
5 Exposed metal surface A thin layer of general-purpose grease on the Rust has the potential to cause malfunction.
cam surface and the four shoe guides. Test for proper operation. Lightly lubricate
moving parts.
6 Data tag attached to the Rope Gripper Masses and speeds that match or exceed those Remove from service if the Rope Gripper
of the car (to be verified at acceptance). capacities do not exceed those of the elevator.
Figure 12
Learning-Reinforcement Questions
Use the below learning-reinforcement questions to study for the Continuing Education Assessment Exam
available online at www.elevatorbooks.com or on page 111 of this issue.
◆ What are the two primary things an elevator emergency brake must protect against?
◆ How does the Rope Gripper differ from sheave brakes and bidirectional safeties?
◆ What are the components of the Rope Gripper and how are they installed?
◆ When is a manual reset required with the Rope Gripper?
◆ How is the Rope Gripper tested and adjusted?
1. Elevator emergency brakes are required to protect 7. Manual reset of the Rope Gripper is required when it is
against: activated due to:
a. Failure of the traditional safety. a. Unintended motion with doors open.
b. Unintended motion and ascending car overspeed. b. Loss of power.
c. Catastrophic rope failure. c. Up direction overspeed.
d. Overweighted elevator cars. d. A and B.
e. A and C.
2. The Rope Gripper has been used as an elevator emer-
gency brake since the: 8. Shoes must be replaced when the groove depth
a. Late 1960s. reaches:
b. Late 1970s. a. 1/2 inch.
c. Late 1980s. b. 3/16 inch.
d. Late 1990s. c. 1/16 inch.
d. 3/8 inch.
3. The Rope Gripper consists of:
a. A brake and a solenoid unit. 9. Security screws for the Rope Gripper:
b. A safety and a pump unit. a. Hold the Rope Gripper in the open position.
c. A brake and a pump unit. b. Provide extra backup for Rope Gripper operation.
d. A governor and a brake unit. c. Fasten the Rope Gripper to its mounting structure.
d. Must be in place during normal operation.
4. The Roper Gripper is opened and put into the ready
state using: 10. The brake unit on the Rope Gripper must be mounted:
a. A hydraulic pump. a. So that it can withstand the same stresses as the
b. Electricity. machine.
c. Springs and cams. b. With the ropes touching the stationary shoe.
d. All of the above. c. Within hose reach of the pump unit.
d. All of the above.
5. The Rope Gripper is held in the open and ready posi-
tion using: 11. When the test switch is turned to the “off” position, the
a. A manual check valve. Rope Gripper should:
b. Electricity and a solenoid. a. Activate and clamp the ropes.
c. Springs and cams. b. Remove power from the driving machine and brake.
d. All of the above. c. Electrically release the solenoid.
d. All of the above.
6. The signal to activate the Rope Gripper comes from:
a. Control circuits on the pump unit.
b. The elevator control.
c. The “elevator can run” micro switch on the brake
unit.
d. A solenoid on the pump unit.
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This article, “Installation and Adjustment of the Hollister-
Whitney Rope Gripper,” is rated for one contact hour of To receive your certificate of completion using mail-in
continuing education credit. Certification regulations option: Send the completed form with questions answered
require that actual study time is verified with all program and payment information included to: Elevator World,
participants. Please answer the below question. Inc., P.O. Box 6507, Mobile, AL 36660.
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studying the learning-reinforcement questions? www.elevatorbooks.com and follow the instructions pro-
hours minutes vided for online testing.
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