“Artbazaara -

AN ONLINE ART GALLERY”

BY
SHRADAY SHAKYA
7-2-0282-0238-2015
St. Xavier’s COLLEGE

A Summer Project Report Submitted to

Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Information Management

Maitighar, Kathmandu
November 2, 2018
 STUDENT DECLARATION

This is to certify that I have completed the Summer Project entitled “Artbazaara – An online
art gallery” under the guidance of Mr. Bal Krishna Subedi in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Information Management at Faculty of
Management, Tribhuvan University. This is my original work and I have not submitted it earlier
elsewhere.

Date: 2018/11/02
Signature:
Name: Shraday Shakya

i
 CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that the summer project entitled “Artbazaara- An online art gallery” is an
academic work done by “Shraday Shakya” submitted in the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Information Management at Faculty of
Management, Tribhuvan University under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my
knowledge, the information presented by him/her in the summer project report has not been
submitted earlier.

______________________
Signature of the Supervisor
Name: Mr. Bal Krishna Subedi
Designation: Lecturer
Date:

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project has been a great opportunity for me to explore my knowledge and skill. The success
and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people
and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of my project. All that
I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget to thank them.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I own my deep gratitude to the Project Supervisor and the Head of Department, Mr.
Jeetendra Manandhar, for his guidance and patience during this project and also for his
mentoring throughout all the brief encounters with the research and development aspects of
this project. Furthermore, I would like to thank the Project Supervisor Mr. Bal Krishna
Subedi, Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, St. Xavier’s College for providing me
valuable guidelines, supervision and suggestions to successfully complete this project. I
would like to express my sincere thanks to all my teachers for guiding me in all possible ways
to achieve my ultimate goal. Their inspiration and helpful guidance has made this project
come to a success.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who
have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Shraday Shakya (T.U. Exam Roll No. 6808/15)

iii
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The art in Nepal is very unique. There are many different types of Art. The hand made and the
antique designs make art of Nepal very unique. The paintings and statues are beautiful. The
major forms of art in Nepal are Pottery, Architecture, Paintings and Bronze figures. Reflecting
Nepali culture, undergoing transformations that were considerably influenced by religion,
politics, social conditions, events such as natural disasters and so on, Nepali Arts has evolved
immensely over the eras.

The invention of faster internet connectivity and powerful online tools has resulted in a new
commerce arena – Ecommerce. Ecommerce offered many advantages to companies and
customers but it also caused many problems. There are large number of ecommerce websites
in the country but very less specializes in a certain category of products. Specializing an
ecommerce website in only art will attract large number of art collectors not only in the country
but also globally.

By making Nepalese art available through “Artbazaara”, an online ecommerce website, the art
not only becomes easily available to the people in the country but also to the interested art
collectors in globally. By integrating Nepalese art with ecommerce website customers no longer
have to travel long distances to grab a glimpse of the art of the artist they admire.

Customers can click through intuitive navigation or use a search box to narrow down their
product search immediately. This website groups the products into various categories such as
paubha, wooden crafts, metal statue making customers’ experience more convenient. The
registration system allows the organizers to collect the information of their users so that they
can give them products they demand.

The main objective of this project is promoting the art Nepalese art and making it globally
accessible.

Keywords: connectivity, availability, convenience, accessible

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Introduction of the organization....................................................................................... 2
1.3 Current situation ecommerce ........................................................................................... 2
1.4 Issues in ecommerce ........................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Objective of the report ..................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Literature Review............................................................................................................. 4
1.7 Methodology/Procedure adopted for writing the report................................................... 6
1.7.1 Project Framework .................................................................................................... 6
1.7.2 Data and Information ................................................................................................ 6
1.7.3 Tools used ................................................................................................................. 7
1.7.4 System Requirements................................................................................................ 9
1.7.5 Techniques for project report analysis .................................................................... 10
1.7.6 Project Workflow and Schedule ............................................................................. 11
1.8 Gantt chart...................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER II – TASKS AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED ................................................. 13
2.1 System Specification...................................................................................................... 13
2.1.1 Feasibility Study ..................................................................................................... 13
2.1.2 Requirements Elicitation and Analysis ................................................................... 13
2.1.3 Requirement Specification ...................................................................................... 13
2.1.4 Requirement Validation .......................................................................................... 13
2.2 System Design and Implementation .............................................................................. 14
2.2.1 System Design ........................................................................................................ 14
2.2.2 System Implementation .......................................................................................... 21
2.3 System Validation .......................................................................................................... 22
2.3.1 Development Testing .............................................................................................. 22
2.3.2 System Testing ........................................................................................................ 28
2.3.3 Acceptance Testing ................................................................................................. 32
2.4 Result Analysis .............................................................................................................. 33
2.4.1 Homepage ............................................................................................................... 33
2.4.2 Categories ............................................................................................................... 34

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 2.4.3 Search...................................................................................................................... 34
2.4.4 Login page .............................................................................................................. 35
2.4.5 Signup page............................................................................................................. 35
2.4.6 Products details ....................................................................................................... 36
2.4.7 Admin panel ............................................................................................................ 36
CHAPTER III – DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION ........................................................ 37
3.1 Discussions .................................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1 Critical Analysis...................................................................................................... 37
3.1.2 Assumptions............................................................................................................ 38
3.1.3 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 38
3.1.4 Future Enhancements to the project ........................................................................ 38
3.2 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 39
3.3 References ...................................................................................................................... 40

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1:Gantt Chart ................................................................................................................ 12

Figure 2:DFD level 0 ............................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3:DFD level 1 ............................................................................................................... 15
Figure 4:DFD level 2 ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 5:Use case diagram ....................................................................................................... 17
Figure 6:Sequence diagram...................................................................................................... 18
Figure 7:ER diagram ................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 8:Flow chart .................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 9:Empty data in sign up form ....................................................................................... 22
Figure 10:Invalid data entry validated in sign up form ............................................................ 22
Figure 11:Empty data in signup form (JavaScript disabled) .................................................... 23
Figure 12:Invalid data entry validated in sign up form (Server-side validation) ..................... 23
Figure 13:Empty data entry in login form ............................................................................... 24
Figure 14:Invalid data entry validated in login form ............................................................... 24
Figure 15:Entering invalid email or password in login form ................................................... 25
Figure 16:Invalid data entry in add product form (admin panel) ............................................. 26
Figure 17:Invalid data entry validated in add product form .................................................... 26
Figure 18:Empty data entry in add category form (admin panel) ............................................ 27
Figure 19:Invalid data entry validated in add category form ................................................... 27
Figure 20:Selecting product from new arrival ......................................................................... 28
Figure 21:Product Details (Without user logging in)............................................................... 28
Figure 22: Logging in .............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 23: Product details page after logged in ....................................................................... 29
Figure 24:Orders table ............................................................................................................. 30
Figure 25:Deliveries table ........................................................................................................ 30
Figure 26:Sales table ................................................................................................................ 31
Figure 27:New arrivals after product has been delivered ........................................................ 31
Figure 28:Adding product ........................................................................................................ 32
Figure 29: The added product is visible on new arrivals ......................................................... 32
Figure 30:Homepage ................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 31:Category page .......................................................................................................... 34
Figure 32:Search engine .......................................................................................................... 34
Figure 33:Login page ............................................................................................................... 35
Figure 34:Signup page ............................................................................................................. 35
Figure 35:Products details page ............................................................................................... 36
Figure 36:Admin panel ............................................................................................................ 36

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:Laravel Requirements ................................................................................................... 9

Table 2:Web browser requirements ........................................................................................... 9
Table 3: Project Subject and Role ............................................................................................ 11
Table 4:Project subject and responsibilities ............................................................................. 11
Table 5:Tools used for implementation ................................................................................... 21

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 ABBREVIATIONS

BIM Bachelor of Information Management

DB Database

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ER Entity Relationship

UML Unified Modeling Language

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

MYSQL Structured Query Language

DBMS Database Management System

SQL Structured Query Language

URL Uniform Resource Locator

ix
 CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

The hand made and the antique features make art of Nepal exceptionally one of a kind.
The works of art and statues are lovely. The types of craftsmanship Nepal is special for
are Paubha paintings, Wooden handicrafts, Bronze figures, etc. Nepal is famous for its
architecture and temple squares and has great tradition in metalwork and woodcarving.
However, Nepalese Artwork is more often associated with thangkas (paubhas) and
bronze and silver sculptures of a religious nature. (iMartNepal, 2017)

The scope of conducting an art exhibition or setting up and art gallery is limited by the
geography of the country. Transporting products from one place to another to present
it to the customer without any assurance that the product will sell or not is a risky affair.
With an e-commerce website, the whole world is the playground, without the hassle of
continuously physically moving the products from one exhibition location to another.

Physical retail stores have high cost when renting one of their store locations. Also,
they have several upfront costs such as store signs, store design, buying inventory, sales
equipment, and more. Physical retail stores also have to pay staff to work and run each
location. They may also need to hire security staff depending on the product value in
the store. With e-commerce website, the suppliers can decrease the cost of managing
their inventory of goods that they can automate the inventory management using web-
based management system

One of the advantages of ecommerce is that online stores are always open for business.
With your Facebook ads, you can attract someone at 11 p.m. or 4 a.m. Most physical
location stores are open between 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. By being available at all hours, you
can attract people who would normally pick up a product in stores, if the store were
open. You can also attract those who may have odd work schedules or who don’t have
time to shop in-person. For a customer to order at night, you don’t need to have
employees working the night shift to ensure all orders get processed. You’ll never need
to hire a security guard. (Oberlo, 2018)

Ecommerce benefits like being able to easily display best-sellers makes it easier to
show off products to customers. While you can design a brick and mortar store to sway
people to buy certain products, it’s easier for a customer to find the best-sellers in an
online store. The reason why you want customers to buy your best-sellers is because
they’re proven. Other customers have already bought them and are happy with their
purchase. If you want to showcase new products to customers you can include them in
your upsell, email marketing or retargeting ads.

By transitioning art business from physical store to online, not only reduces the cost is
reduced but also makes the process of marketing Nepalese art more effective which
then opens thousands other opportunities.

1
1.2 Introduction of the organization
By making Nepalese art accessible through "Artbazaara", an online ecommerce site,
the art not only turns out to be effortlessly accessible to the general population in the
nation yet but also to the intrigued collectors all over the world. By incorporating
Nepalese art with an online ecommerce will allow customers to search and select the
art they like without having to go through art exhibition physically.

Clients can navigate through their categories or utilize a search bar to limit their product
quickly. This site bunches the items into different categories, for example, paubha,
wooden artworks, metal statue adding structure to the web experience and making
navigating easier.

The system employed in Artbazaara website not only make user’s experience more
convenient but also makes it easier for the organizer to store data of their products and
manage it. The system provides the organizers information of their clients developing
the website according to their customer’s needs. The organizers can also extract
information of the most frequent customers and build a strong relationship with them.

1.3 Current situation ecommerce

Ecommerce market share in 2018, as a percentage of all retail sales, is expected to
increase to 11.9% — up from 3.5% a decade ago. Ecommerce is largely about
execution. For an ecommerce to acquire success, the websites need to be able to adapt
with the changing environment. (Herbert Lui, 2018)

The future of ecommerce is uncertain, but some things remain constant – delivery times
will improve, customer service will get increasingly better, and product selection will
become ever greater. Electronic commerce has affected the ways in which enterprises
and countries produce, trade, and compete in fundamental and qualitative fashions.
Even in countries with poor infrastructure and access to information technology,
evidence exists that dynamic enterprises and governments have taken advantages of
the possibilities offered by e-commerce. Countries with poor communication and
internet infrastructures should therefore act now in order to develop a strong e-
commerce market to prevent landing on the wrong side of the digital divide. This article
introduces the history of internet and the current state of e-commerce in Nepal. It aims
to identify projects that can possibly facilitate the growth of e-commerce ventures in
underdeveloped countries such as Nepal.

2
1.4 Issues in ecommerce

The problems faced by organizations who presents their product through ecommerce
websites are as follows:

• An absence of online identity verification

When a visitor visits an e-commerce website and signs up, the portal is unaware of the
customer except for the information he/she entered. The customer is genuine or not is
questionable. This creates huge revenue losses for a company when a customer makes
a Cash-On-Delivery (COD) purchase and the information entered like phone number,
the address is invalid or fake.

• Competitor analysis

In this competitive world, there will be too many competitors who will be offering
same products and service as you. Unless you have the best strategy that differentiates
yourself from other competitors; it will become difficult to survive.

• Maintaining customer’s loyalty

It’s the work of lots of efforts for companies to make a new a customer and maintain
the same customer for a long time. One of the reasons why ecommerce companies face
the struggle while building trust and loyalty with the customer is because a seller and
a buyer don’t know each other nor they can see each other while making a transaction,
unlike street-shopping. It takes few transactions, time and plenty of efforts by the
company to build the customer trust and loyalty.

• Product return and return

When the product is returned, due to whatsoever reason, whether a customer was
dissatisfied or the product was damaged, the business suffers a heavy loss of shipment
and reputation. Cost of logistics and shipping have always been scary for those e-
commerce sellers who deliver the product for free.

• Competing against retailers and manufacturers

Many online stores bulk buy products wholesale from manufacturers or distributors to
sell that in retail from their online store. This is the basic business model for online
stores.

Unfortunately, because of ecommerce’s low barrier to entry and other reasons, many
product manufacturers and retailers to start selling directly to consumers.

• Data security

Security issues over the web can lead to nightmare. Fraudsters post lot of spam and
they may attack the web host server and infect all websites with viruses. They can get
access to all your confidential data about your customer’s phone number, card details
etc. (Laduram Vishnoi, 2018)

3
1.5 Objective of the report
The study has the following specific objectives:

i. To make Nepalese art globally accessible and also promote it globally.

ii. To make accessing the products for the user easier
iii. To collect information about of the customers and evolving the website accordingly
iv. To reduce the overhead cost of owning an art gallery.
v. To make managing art gallery comparatively easier task.

1.6 Literature Review

Reflecting Nepali culture, undergoing transformations that were considerably
influenced by religion, politics, social conditions, events such as natural disasters and
so on, Nepali Arts has evolved immensely over the eras.

It is believed that Nepali art and culture were parallel in existence, however the oldest
evidences that have been traced, belong to the fourth century i.e. The Lichchhavi period
which is considered to be “The Golden Age Of Nepali Art”.

Over the centuries, the environmental factors in the society, nation and the state of the
artist have affected the subject of arts. Historical sculptures and artworks were mainly
religious, mystical and symbolic. Whereas, the subject of artworks of the periods with
political revolution such as the Rana Regime were based on secularism, realism etc.

Later, after the fall of Rana regime, artists practiced impressionism, fauvism,
expressionism, abstractionism in their artworks. Besides the internal issues, western
culture and practices also inspired artwork in the past. Even today, artists practice
symbolism, abstractionism, impressionism and use various metaphorical symbol with
hidden meanings and messages.

Historically, architectural feats and structures, wooden carvings,

manuscripts, mandala, wall paintings, portrait painting, were some of the major
artworks. The forms of art in context with Nepal are innumerable, the artworks can be
classified in the following ways.:-

• Paintings:

In the past, paintings were mainly done in manuscripts, walls, wood, copper or other
metal plates, or cloth. Local materials such as minerals, plants, soil etc were used for
extracting colors. Thangka Pantings, Mithila paintings, Pauwa paintings, are some
examples of Nepali paintings. These days paintings are mostly done in canvases and
are influenced by western culture.

• Architecture:

The intricate linings of the wooden windows and doors of a temple, the complex
geometry of a stupa, the prayer wheels, are examples of architecture. Architectural art
can mainly be seen in religious sites or historical areas. Architecture has had major
shifts according to the eras and revolutions that occurred with time.

4
 • Sculpture:

Artists mainly made use of bronze, granite, sandstone, limestone, for sculpting figures
of gods, leaders and rulers. The statues of gods, various rulers can still be seen in
historical areas.

• Pottery:

Traditionally a lot of utensils and household materials used by Nepalese were made out
of molded clay such as pyala, gamala, gyampo, gagri, diyo, lamps, flower vases and so
on.

Besides the form of art listed above, local songs, traditional musical instruments,
traditional dances also reflect Nepali art. Art accentuates looks making things look
more appealing to the eye.

More importantly, Nepali art emphasizes the divinities of religion and the connection
of man with god and nature, it symbolizes various life processes and stages such as
birth, youth, death in the form of intricacies. Arts act as historical evidences and
symbolic representation for the rich history that we possess. (iMartNepal, 2017)

At the present moment, art has become somewhat of a run-of-the-mill affair in Nepal,
with exhibitions every other week and art schools producing artists by the dozen every
second year. Most Nepali artists’ works are pretty much influenced by Impressionism
even if words like ‘contemporary’ and ‘postmodern’ are bandied about often. In the
end, most describe their works as ‘semi abstract’. Pablo Picasso and Salvatore Dali are
the contemporary icons as is Paul Gauguin, a leading Neo Impressionist.

Many people are moving from physical stores to buy goods and services on the Internet.
Today, 60% of shoppers in developed countries go to the Internet to buy goods and
services. This method of shopping is loved because it is convenient. People can shop
from the comfort of their houses.

In Nepal large part of the population have little knowledge of using technology so an
interface that is easy and attractive is needed to be able to access the larger part of the
country. Websites are easy to use and using latest tools for web designing an interface
that is easy to use can be developed.

It will not be too long; there will be a boom in the trend of eCommerce business soon
in Nepal and websites which is comparatively easier to access will help the suppliers
reach the large part of the population of the country.

5
1.7 Methodology/Procedure adopted for writing the report

1.7.1 Project Framework

To produce a website a set of systematic activities is required:

i. Specification

Define the main functionalities of the software and the constrains around them.

ii. Software design and implementation

The website is to be designed and programmed.

iii. Verification and validation

The website must conform to its specification and meets the customer needs.

iv. Evolution

The software is being modified to meet customer and market requirements changes.
(Ian Sommerville, 2011)

1.7.2 Data and Information

The information are crude materials which in the wake of handling making the
utilization different innovation and rationale changes into data. For, directing this
undertaking report I gathered the information and data from different sources:

These are the sources from which data is gathered through self-association. These are
the dependable sources that give precise data. It includes an antiquity, an archive,
journal, collection of memoirs, a chronicle, or some other wellspring of data that was
made at the time under investigation.

Other required data for this venture was gathered through different sources, for
example, contextual investigations of earlier years, books, sites, diaries, daily paper
articles, audit articles, perceptions, and so forth.

6
1.7.3 Tools used

The following tools were used to develop this project:

1.7.3.1 HTML

HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup. Its elements are the
building blocks of HTML pages. Its elements are represented by tags. HTML tags label
pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on. Browsers do not
display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page. (w3schools,
n.d.)

1.7.3.2 CSS

CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media. It saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files. (w3schools, n.d.)

1.7.3.3 Bootstrap

Bootstrap is the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for developing responsive,
mobile-first websites. (w3schools, n.d.)

1.7.3.4 PHP object oriented

PHP is an open source scripting language. Its scripts are executed on the server. PHP
is free to download and use. (w3schools, n.d.)

1.7.3.5 Laravel

Laravel is a free, open-source PHP web framework, intended for the development of
web applications following the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural pattern.
Some of the features of Laravel are a modular packaging system with a dedicated
dependency manager, different ways for accessing relational databases, utilities that
aid in application deployment and maintenance, and its orientation toward syntactic
sugar. (Wikipedia, n.d.)

1.7.3.6 Homestead

Laravel Homestead is an official, pre-packaged Vagrant box that provides you a

wonderful development environment without requiring you to install PHP, a web
server, and any other server software on your local machine. No more worrying about
messing up your operating system! Vagrant boxes are completely disposable. If
something goes wrong, you can destroy and re-create the box in minutes! (Laravel,
n.d.)

7
1.7.3.7 MySQL

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server

providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is a popular choice of
database for use in web applications and is an open source product. (Wikipedia, n.d.)

1.7.3.8 JavaScript

JavaScript (JS) is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language. It is a light-

weight interpreted programming language. It is a most well-known scripting language
for Web pages. Many non-browser environments also use it, such as node.js. JS is a
prototype-based, multi-paradigm, dynamic scripting language, supporting object-
oriented, imperative, and declarative styles. It has been widely used throughout this
project. Almost all features of this project revolve around JavaScript. (Wikipedia, n.d.)

1.7.3.9 jQuery

jQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript library. The purpose of jQuery
is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website. jQuery takes a lot of
common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish, and wraps
them into methods that you can call with a single line of code. (w3schools, n.d.)

8
1.7.4 System Requirements

1.7.4.1 Server-Side Requirements

PHP >= 7.1.3

OpenSSL PHP Extension

PDO PHP Extension

Tokenizer PHP Extension

Mbstring PHP Extension

XML PHP Extension

Ctype PHP Extension

JSON PHP Extension

Table 1:Laravel Requirements

1.7.4.2 Client-Side Requirements

A Pentium 4 processor or higher

Approximately 100MB of free hard drive space

and 128MB of RAM

Table 2:Web browser requirements

9
1.7.5 Techniques for project report analysis

1.7.5.1 Feasibility Analysis

A feasibility study is an analysis used in measuring the ability and likelihood

to complete a project successfully including all relevant factors. It must account for
factors that affect it such as economic, technological, legal and scheduling factors.
Project managers use feasibility studies to determine potential positive and negative
outcomes of a project before investing a considerable amount of time and money into
it.

1.7.5.2 Risk Analysis

Risk analysis is the review of the risks associated with a particular event or action. It is
applied to projects, information technology, security issues and any action where risks
may be analyzed on a quantitative and qualitative basis. Risk analysis is a component
of risk management.

Risks are part of every IT project and business endeavor. As such, risk analysis should
occur on a recurring basis and be updated to accommodate new potential threats.
Strategic risk analysis minimizes future risk probability and damage. (Technopedia,
n.d.)

10
1.7.6 Project Workflow and Schedule

1.7.6.1 Project Subject and role

Subject Role

Mr. Bal Krishna Subedi Supervisor

Shraday Shakya Developer

Table 3: Project Subject and Role

1.7.6.2 Project Subject and Responsibilities

Subject Responsibilities

Project planning

Scheduling

Supervisor Tracking Information

Sharing Documentation

Monitoring

Website specification

Website- Developer Website design and development

Website validation

Website evolution

Table 4:Project subject and responsibilities

11
1.8 Gantt chart
A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed as a production control tool in 1917
by Henry L. Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist. Frequently used in
project management, a Gantt chart provides a graphical illustration of a schedule that
helps to plan, coordinate, and track specific tasks in a project. (Margaret Rouse, n.d.)

Gantt Chart
1-May 20-Jun 9-Aug 28-Sep

Preliminary work
Research
Design and implementation
Validation
Modification

Design and
Preliminary
Modification Validation implementati Research
work
on
Start Date 4-Sep 25-Aug 28-Jun 29-May 1-May
Days to complete 6 10 58 55 28

Figure 1:Gantt Chart

12
 CHAPTER II – TASKS AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED

2.1 System Specification

System specification or requirements engineering is the process of understanding and
defining what services are required from the system and identifying the constraints on
the system’s operation and development. Requirements engineering is a particularly
critical stage of the software process as errors at this stage inevitably lead to later
problems in the system design and implementation. The requirements engineering
process aims to produce an agreed requirements document that specifies a system
satisfying stakeholder requirements. Requirements are usually presented at two levels
of detail. End-users and customers need a high-level statement of the requirements;
system developers need a more detailed system specification.

There are four main activities in the requirements engineering process:

2.1.1 Feasibility Study

An estimate is made of whether the identified user needs may be satisfied using current
software and hardware technologies. The study considers whether the proposed system
will be cost-effective from a business point of view and if it can be developed within
existing budgetary constraints. A feasibility study should be relatively cheap and quick.
The result should inform the decision of whether or not to go ahead with a more detailed
analysis.

2.1.2 Requirements Elicitation and Analysis

This is the process of deriving the system requirements through observation of existing
systems, discussions with potential users and procurers, task analysis, and so on. This
may involve the development of one or more system models and prototypes. These
help you understand the system to be specified.

2.1.3 Requirement Specification

Requirements specification is the activity of translating the information gathered during
the analysis activity into a document that defines a set of requirements. Two types of
requirements may be included in this document. User requirements are abstract
statements of the system requirements for the customer and end-user of the system;
system requirements are a more detailed description of the functionality to be provided.

2.1.4 Requirement Validation

This activity checks the requirements for realism, consistency, and completeness.
During this process, errors in the requirements document are inevitably discovered. It
must then be modified to correct these problems. (Ian Sommerville, 2011)

13
2.2 System Design and Implementation

2.2.1 System Design

A software design is a description of the structure of the software to be implemented,
the data models and structures used by the system, the interfaces between system
components and, sometimes, the algorithms used. Designers do not arrive at a finished
design immediately but develop the design iteratively. (Ian Sommerville, 2011)

2.2.1.1 Context Model

Context models represent an external perspective, where the context or environment of

the system is modelled. (Ian Sommerville, 2011)

2.2.1.1.1 DFD Level 0

A level 0 data flow diagram (DFD), also known as a context diagram, shows a data
system as a whole and emphasizes the way it interacts with external entities. This DFD
level 0 example shows how such a system might function within a typical retail
business. (Lucidchart, n.d.)

Figure 2:DFD level 0

The diagram in Figure 2 identifies customer, admin and shipping agent as external
entities. These external entities interact with the ecommerce system.

Guest: Guest visits the website views the products through search engine or categories
or front page.

Customer: Customers are guest who places a order.

Admin: The admin adds products and categories in the system. It views the data of
existing products, sales, orders and top cutomers. Admin also views the orders placed
by the cutomers and confirms or declines the order.

Shipping agent: When an order is confirmed by the admin, a delivery job is given to
the shipping agent. The shipping agent views this data through the system and confirms
or cancels the delivery.

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2.2.1.1.2 DFD Level 1
A level 1 data flow diagram (DFD) is more detailed than a level 0 DFD but not as
detailed as a level 2 DFD. It breaks down the main processes into subprocesses that can
then be analyzed and improved on a more intimate level. (Lucidchart, n.d.)

Figure 3:DFD level 1

The main process is broken down into view 7 sub-processes represented in circles and
these processes interact with data stores represented in incomplete rectangles.

15
2.2.1.1.3 DFD Level 2
A level 2 data flow diagram (DFD) offers a more detailed look at the processes that
make up an information system than a level 1 DFD does. It can be used to plan or
record the specific makeup of a system. (Lucidchart, n.d.)

Figure 4:DFD level 2

The above diagram presents the subprocesses involved in the process view process, the
customer or guest can view products via front page, via search entering a keyword or
via categories. All these subprocesses retrieve data from Products info data store. The
admin feeds the data into Products info data store.

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2.2.1.1.4 Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram is a graphic depiction of the interactions among the elements of a
system. (Techtarget, 2015)

Figure 5:Use case diagram

Guest only views products where as customers views products and creates orders.
Admin adds products in the system. It views the information of sales, customers and
products. It confirms or declines orders. The shipping agent interacts with deliveries
which is confirmed by the Admin.

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2.2.1.2 Interaction Model

Interaction models represent an interaction perspective where you the interactions between a
system and its environment or between the components of a system is modelled. (Ian
Sommerville, 2011)

Sequence Diagram
Sequence diagram which is one of the best ways to communicate working process of a
part of system to non-tech people. It shows how processes operate with one another
and in what order. It shows object interaction arranged in a time sequence. It depicts
the objects and the classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages
exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario.

Figure 6:Sequence diagram

When the customer makes an order, the system check if the customer is logged in of
not. If the customer is logged in, the order is registered in the database. If the customer
isn’t logged in, the customer is redirected to the login in page.

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2.2.1.3 Structural Model

Structural models represent a structural perspective, where you the organization of a

system or the structure of the data that is processed by the system is modelled. (Ian
Sommerville, 2011)

ER Diagram
An entity relationship model, also called an entity-relationship (ER) diagram, is a
graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically used
in computing in regard to the organization of data within databases or information
systems. An entity is a piece of data-an object or concept about which data is stored.

Figure 7:ER diagram

19
2.2.1.4 Behavioral Model

Behavioral models represent a behavioral perspective, where dynamic behavior of the

system and how it responds to events is modelled. (Ian Sommerville, 2011)

Flow Chart
Flow chart is visual representation of all processed in sequential order which gives a
graphical representation of the relation between all the major steps of the system.

Figure 8:Flow chart

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2.2.2 System Implementation
The system was implemented using tools listed in the table below

Software Description

Visual Studio Code Text editor

Homestead A virtual server and a virtual development

environment

Laravel Modular packaging system with a

dedicated dependency manager

Bootstrap Quick front end responsive website

development

Form filler Firefox plugin Enters random form data(testing)

Vagrant Virtual ubuntu operating system

environment

Composer Php dependency manager

jQuery JavaScript library

Table 5:Tools used for implementation

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2.3 System Validation
Software validation is intended to show that a system both conforms to its specification
and that it meets the expectations of the system customer. Program testing, where the
system is executed using simulated test data, is the principal validation technique.
Validation may also involve checking processes, such as inspections and reviews, at
each stage of the software process from user requirements definition to program
development. Because of the predominance of testing, the majority of validation costs
are incurred during and after implementation. (Ian Sommerville, 2011)

The stages in the testing process are:

2.3.1 Development Testing

The components making up the system are tested by the people developing the
system. Each component is tested independently, without other system components.
Components may be simple entities such as functions or object classes, or may be
coherent groupings of these entities.

Following components are test:

Test case 1 Entering empty data in sign up form.

Figure 9:Empty data in sign up form

Outcome of test case 1: Invalid data entry validated, red border displayed around the
text fields.

Figure 10:Invalid data entry validated in sign up form

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Test case 2 Entering empty data in sign up form and disabling JavaScript.

Figure 11:Empty data in signup form (JavaScript disabled)

Outcome of test case 2: Invalid data entry validated via server-side validation, error
messages displayed at the bottom of the form.

Figure 12:Invalid data entry validated in sign up form (Server-side validation)

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Test case 3 Entering empty data in login form

Figure 13:Empty data entry in login form

Outcome of test case 3: Invalid data entry validated in login form, red border displayed
around the text fields.

Figure 14:Invalid data entry validated in login form

24
Test case 4 Entering invalid email or password in log in form

Figure 15:Entering invalid email or password in login form

Outcome of test case 4: Invalid entry message displayed in login form, message
displayed at the bottom of the form.

25
Test case 5 Entering empty data in add product form (admin panel)

Figure 16:Invalid data entry in add product form (admin panel)

Outcome of test case 5: Invalid data entry validated in add product form, red border
displayed around the text fields.

Figure 17:Invalid data entry validated in add product form

26
Test case 6 Entering empty data in add category form (admin panel)

Figure 18:Empty data entry in add category form (admin panel)

Outcome of test case 6: Invalid data entry validated in add category form, red border
displayed around the text fields.

Figure 19:Invalid data entry validated in add category form

27
2.3.2 System Testing
System components are integrated to create a complete system. This process is
concerned with finding errors that result from unanticipated interactions between
components and component interface problems. It is also concerned with showing that
the system meets its functional and non-functional requirements, and testing the
emergent system properties. For large systems, this may be a multi-stage process where
components are integrated to form subsystems that are individually tested before these
sub-systems are themselves integrated to form the final system.

Test Case 7: Ordering system through user’s perspective

Step 1: Selecting product, the page will be redirected to the product details page.

Figure 20:Selecting product from new arrival

Step 2: Clicking on login button. Since not logged in the user will be redirected to log
in page.

Figure 21:Product Details (Without user logging in)

28
Step 3: Entering valid username and password and then will be redirected to the
product details page.

Figure 22: Logging in

Step 4: Placing order, the user will be redirected to a page which displays a message

Figure 23: Product details page after logged in

29
Test Case 8: Ordering system through admin’s perspective

The order placed by user is processed in the orders table (admin panel). Confirming
order, the shipping agent will be handed a delivery job

Figure 24:Orders table

Test Case 9: Delivery system through shipping agent’s perspective

The product is delivered and it is confirmed by the shipping agent

Figure 25:Deliveries table

30
Test Case 10: The status of website after product has been delivered

Outcome for case 10: The product is included in sales table with the customer’s email.

Figure 26:Sales table

Outcome for case 10: The product is no longer visible in the website

Figure 27:New arrivals after product has been delivered

31
2.3.3 Acceptance Testing
This is the final stage in the testing process before the system is accepted for operational
use. The system is tested with data supplied by the system customer rather than with
simulated test data. Acceptance testing may reveal errors and omissions in the system
requirements definition, because the real data exercise the system in different ways
from the test data. Acceptance testing may also reveal requirements problems where
the system’s facilities do not really meet the user’s needs or the system performance is
unacceptable.

Test Case 9: Entering a real-world data.

Figure 28:Adding product

Outcome: The product is who accessible for customers to buy

Figure 29: The added product is visible on new arrivals

32
2.4 Result Analysis

2.4.1 Homepage

Figure 30:Homepage

This is the first page users will be interacting when they enter the websites URL. The
webpage consists of carousel where the admin can display different offers or show
some important information to the users.

33
2.4.2 Categories

Figure 31:Category page

Each product belongs to certain category. The users can narrow down their product
search by viewing the website through category page.

2.4.3 Search

Figure 32:Search engine

The user enters a certain key word. Products whose name or artist consists of the
keyword will be shown, narrowing the products further.

34
2.4.4 Login page

Figure 33:Login page

The user will enter their email and password. Authentication is required to identify the
customers.

2.4.5 Signup page

Figure 34:Signup page

The user is required to enter their information to create a user profile for the website
and be able to log in.

35
2.4.6 Products details

Figure 35:Products details page

This is where more information of the product is given. The user needs to go through
this page to be able to place an order.

2.4.7 Admin panel

Figure 36:Admin panel

This is where the administrator of the website interacts with the system. The
administrator is able to view categories, products, purchases, sales, orders and
deliveries. The administrator adds products and categories which is then made
accessible to the users of the website. The administrator can also manipulate the images
in the carousal located in the homepage.

36
 CHAPTER III – DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION
3.1 Discussions
3.1.1 Critical Analysis

E-Commerce is a huge platform which is growing at an unprecedented rate all over the
world. People from every age whether they are children, millennials, or old loves to
shop from different e-stores. Online shopping provides more happiness as compared to
physical shopping stores. The reason is simple as we have a lot of websites and apps
focusing e-commerce, it has become simple to find anything on e-store that you want
to buy immediately. In the coming years, it is expected that growth of e-commerce will
increase like never before with all the current technologies. The rate of online shopping
is increasing beyond measure rate and this is driving e-commerce owners crazy to keep
their solid place in the online race.

Companies who organizes art exhibitions aren’t enjoying much profit even though
there is substantial amount of demand for Nepalese art. This is mainly because of the
overhead costs that comes with managing these products and the rent costs for
presenting them. There are people all around the world who are interested in arts that
share the similar features of that of Nepalese art but they aren’t aware of Nepalese art
because it isn’t easily available.

“Artbazaara” an ecommerce website aims at decreasing the overhead costs of

managing art products. Presenting arts through a website is way cheaper than
presenting them in physical space, this is because a large number of products can be
displayed through websites compared to presenting them in physical space.
“Artbazaara” is a 24/7 online website that means interested buyers can view through
the arts any time they like any number of times they want.

The website also makes art easily available to not only to the people who are in the
country but also to the people all around the world. The websites also keep track of
customers who have had successful transactions so that the owners of the website can
develop the relationship with them and make their services better.

Even though ecommerce websites make buying and selling of arts convenient it’s still
far from perfect. When a visitor visits an e-commerce website and signs up, the portal
is unaware of the customer except for the information he/she entered. The customer is
genuine or not is questionable. This creates huge revenue losses for a company when a
customer makes a Cash-On-Delivery (COD) purchase and the information entered like
phone number, the address is invalid or fake. When the product is returned, due to
whatsoever reason, whether a customer was dissatisfied or the product was damaged,
the business suffers a heavy loss of shipment and reputation. Cost of logistics and
shipping have always been scary for those e-commerce sellers who deliver the product
for free.

Since ecommerce is still in infancy it has yet to grow to its fullest. It will not be too
long; there will be a boom in the trend of eCommerce business soon in Nepal and
websites which is comparatively easier to access will help the suppliers reach the large
part of the population of the country.

37
3.1.2 Assumptions

This project assumes the following

▪ The user’s web browser supports JavaScript.

▪ The user has enabled JavaScript in the browser.
▪ The user doesn’t place an order for a product more than once.
▪ The administrator’s web browser supports JavaScript.
▪ The administrator has enabled JavaScript in the browser.
▪ The data added by the administrator is accurate.
▪ The administrator confirms an order after a phone call
▪ The shipping agent accepts cash on delivery and submits the amount to the website
owner
▪ The shipping agent confirms delivery to the register

3.1.3 Limitations

Some of the limitations of the project are:

▪ The user requires a device which support web browser.

▪ Most of the time user interacts with the browser the page reloads, thus a
stable internet connection is required
▪ The user has to wait for the call from the administrator before the order is
confirmed
▪ Lack of payment gateway

3.1.4 Future Enhancements to the project

The following features can be added in future to enhance this project:

▪ Rating system for each product by users.

▪ Posting reviews for each product by users.
▪ Add to cart system for more convenient
▪ Integration of payment gateway
▪ Adding featured functionality in the homepage
▪ Interacting with users without having to refresh the page
▪ Making the system available for mobile users

38
3.2 Conclusion

There is potential for Nepalese art in the global and national market, but because of the
overhead that comes with managing arts, owning an art gallery isn’t very profitable.
Presenting these products through an ecommerce website not only decrease this cost
but also makes it easily accessible.

Ecommerce is still immature in Nepal. Even though the website like Kaymu.com.np,
Meroshopping.com, etc. is doing well, they still lack the public exposure. Buying
something from Internet is myth in Nepal.

It will be either today or tomorrow we must adapt to it. With the growing generation
every business will have to adapt and think about their online existence in future
depending on the nature of business.

Ecommerce is a growing market and also one of the ways through which online stores
can save money in terms of maintenance costs is having fewer employees. The system
is online and fully computerized. As such, very few employees are needed. They are
required for jobs that the computers cannot do on their own for example answering
questions that have been asked by customers. Generally, an online store is easier and
cheaper to run than a physical store. Thus, it generates more profit for a business.

39
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