Perl Reference PDF

Perl Reference Card Cheat Sheet
by Nikolay Mishin (mishin) via cheatography.com/1008/cs/399/
About 1.1 Scalars and Strings (cont) 1.2 Arrays and Lists (cont)
This is version 2 of the perl reference card. e(E) scientific notation reverse(@a); reverse @a
(cl) 2008 Michael Goerz <goerz@physik.fu- f decimal floating point @a = sort{$ela <=> sort numerically
berlin.de>.
$elb}(@a);
g, G shorter %e or %f /
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~goerz/
%E or %f @a = split(/-/,$s); split string into @a
Information taken liberally from the perl
documentation and various other sources. o signed octal $s = join(“, ” @c); join @a elements
You may freely distribute this document. into string
s string of chars
@a2 = @a[1,2,6..9]; array slice
u, x, X unsigned decimal int /
1 Variable Types
hex int / hex int in @a2 = grep(!/^#/, @a); remove comments
caps from @a
1.1 Scalars and Strings
p address pointer
Perl image
chomp($str); discard trailing \n n nothing printed
$v = chop($str); $v becomes trailing modifiers: h,l,L arg is short int / long
char int, double/ long
eq, ne, lt, gt, le, ge, string comparison double
cmp More:
$str = “0” x 4; $str is now “0000” chr, crypt, hex, lc, q/STRING/,
$v = index($str, $x); find index of $x in $str, lcfirst, length, oct, ord, qq/STRING/, reverse,
pack uc, ucfirst
$v = rindex($str, $x); starting from left or right
$v = substr($str, extract substring 1.2 Arrays and Lists

$strt, $len);
@a = (1..5); array initialization
$cnt = $sky =~ tr/0- count the digits in $sky
9//; $i = @a; number of elements in
@a
$str =~ tr/a-zA-Z/ change non-alphas to
/cs; space ($a, $b) = ($b, swap $a and $b
1.3 Hashes
$a);
$v = sprintf(“%10s format string
%08d”,$s,$n); $x = $a[1]; access to index 1 %h=(k1 => “val1”,k2 hash initialization
=> 3);
Format String: %[flags][0] $i = $#a; last index in @a
[width][.precision][mod]ty $val = $map{k1}; recall value
push(@a, $s); appends $s to @a
pe @a = %h; array of keys and
$a = pop(@a); removes last element
types: values
chop(@a); remove last char (per el.)
%h = @a; create hash from array
c character
$a = shift(@a); removes first element
foreach $k iterate over list of keys
d(i) signed decimal int
(keys(%h)){..}
foreach $v iterate over list of

(vals(%h)){..} values
while (($k,$v)=each iterate over key-

%h){..} value-pairs
delete $h{k1}; delete key
exists $h{k1} does key exist?
defined $h{k1} is key defined?
By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

cheatography.com/mishin/ Last updated 5th June, 2014. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
mishin.narod.ru Page 1 of 6. http://crosswordcheats.com
3 References and Data Structures 3 References and Data Structures (cont) 2 Basic Syntax (cont)
$aref = \@a; reference to sub createcnt{ my $c=shift; closure, $c eval {$a=$a/$b; }; warn $@ exception
array return sub { print "$c++"; }; } persists if $@; handling
$aref = [1,"foo",undef,13]; anonymous array *foo{THING} foo-syntax for

creating refs 6 Regular Expressions
$el = $aref->[0]; $el = access element
@{$aref}[0]; of array ($var =~ /re/), matches / does not match
Link to perl cheat ($var !~ /re/)
$aref2 = [@{$aref1}]; copy array
$href = \%h; reference to perlcheat m/pattern/igmsox matching pattern
hash http://www.cheatography.com/mishin/cheat- c
$href ={APR => 4,AUG => anonymous hash sheets/perlcheat/ qr/pattern/imsox store regex in variable
8}; perl-reference-card s/pattern/replace search and replace
$el = $href->{APR}; $el = access element ment/igmsoxe

http://www.cheatography.com/mishin/cheat-
%{$href}{APR}; of hash sheets/perl-reference-card/ Modifiers:
$href2 = {%{$href1}}; copy hash i case- o compile once

20-killer-perl-programming-tips
if (ref($r) eq "HASH") {} checks if $r insensitive
http://www.cheatography.com/mishin/cheat-
points to hash g global x extended
sheets/20-killer-perl-programming-tips-
@a = ([1, 2],[3, 4]); 2-dim array for-beginners/ s as single line (. e evaluate replacement
$i = $a[0][1]; access 2-dim matches \n)
array 2 Basic Syntax Syntax:
%HoA=(fs=>["f","b"], sp=> hash of arrays ($a, $b) = read command line \ escape
["h","m"]); shift(@ARGV); params . any single char
$name = $HoA{sp}[1]; access to hash sub p{my $var = define subroutine ^ start of line
of arrays shift; ...}
$ end of line
$fh = *STDIN globref p(“bla”); execute subroutine
,? 0 or more times (greedy /
$coderef = \&fnc; code ref (e.g.
if(expr){} elsif {} conditional nongreedy)
callback)
else {}
+, +? 1 or more times (greedy /
$coderef =sub{print "bla"}; anon subroutine unless (expr){} negative conditional nongreedy)
&$coderef(); calling anon while (expr){} while-loop ?, ?? 0 or 1 times (greedy /
subroutine
until (expr){} until-loop nongreedy)
do {} until (expr) postcheck until-loop \b, \B word boundary ( \w - \W) /

match except at w.b.
for($i=1; $i<=10; for-loop
$i++){} \A string start (with /m)
foreach $i (@list){} foreach-loop \Z string end (before \n)
last, next, redo end loop, skip to next, \z absolute string end
jump to top

6 Regular Expressions (cont) 6 Regular Expressions (cont) 6 Regular Expressions (cont)
\G continue from previous \w, \W word char [a-zA-Z0-9_] / non-word (?<=..), (? positive / negative look-behind
m//g char <!..)
[...] character set \s, \S whitepace [ \t\n\r\f] / non-space (?>...) prohibit backtracking
(...) group, capture to $1, $2 \C match a byte (?{ code embedded code
(?:...) group without capturing \pP, \PP match p-named unicode / non- })
p-named-unicode (??{ code dynamic regex

{n,m} , {n,m}? at least n times, at most
})
m times \p{...}, match long-named unicode / non-
{n,} , {n,}? at least n times \P{...} named-unicode (? condition corresponding to
\X match extended unicode (cond)yes| captured parentheses

{n} , {n}? exactly n times
no)
Posix:
| or
(? condition corresponding to look-
\1, \2 text from nth group ($1, [:alnum:] alphanumeric
(cond)yes) around
...) [:alpha:] alphabetic Variables
Escape Sequences: [:ascii:] any ASCII char
$& entire matched string
\a alarm (beep) \e escape [:blank:] whitespace [ \t]
$` everything prior to matched string
\f formfeed \n newline [:cntrl:] control characters
$' everything after matched string
\r carriage return \t tab [:digit:] digits
$1, $2 ... n-th captured expression
\cx control-x \l lowercase next char [:graph:] alphanum + punctuation
$+ last parenthesis pattern match
\L lowercase until \E \U uppercase until \E [:lower:] lowercase chars
$^N most recently closed capt.
\Q diable metachars \E end case [:print:] alphanum, punct, space
$^R result of last (?{...})
until \E modifications [:punct:] punctuation
@-, @+ offsets of starts / ends of groups
Character Classes: [:space:] whitespace [\s\ck]
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlrequick.html
[amy] 'a', 'm', or 'y' [:upper:] uppercase chars
http://habrahabr.ru/post/17126/
[f-j.-] range f-j, dot, and dash [:word:] alphanum + '_'
[^f-j] everything except range [:xdigit:] hex digit
f-j
[:^digit:] non-digit
\d, \D digit [0-9] / non-digit
Extended Constructs
(?#text) comment
(?imxs- enable or disable option

imsx:...)
(?=...), positive / negative look-ahead

(?!...)

Debugging regexp 4 System Interaction (cont) 5 Input/Output (cont)
use re 'taint'; File Tests: open(PRC,"caesar <$file read from

# Contents of $match are tainted if $dirty was |"); process
-r, -w readable, writeable
also tainted.
open(EXTRACT, "|sort write to process
-x executable
($match) = ($dirty =~ /^(.*)$/s);
>Tmp$$");
# Allow code interpolation: -e exists
$line = <INFILE>; get next line
use re 'eval';
-f, -d, -l is file, directory,
$pat = '(?{ $var = 1 })'; # embedded code @lines = <INFILE>; slurp infile
symlink
execution foreach $line loop of lines from
-T, -B text file, binary file
/alpha${pat}omega/; # won't fail unless under -T (<STDIN>){...} STDIN
# and $pat is tainted -M, -A mod/access age in
print STDERR "Warning print to STDERR
use re 'debug'; # like "perl -Dr" days
1.\n";
/^(.*)$/s; # output debugging info during @stats = 13-element list with
# compile time and run time close INFILE; close filehandle
stat(“filename”); status
use re 'debugcolor'; # same as 'debug', More:
File Tests in Perl http://www.devshed.co
# but with colored output
m/c/a/Perl/File-Tests- binmode, dbmopen, select, syscall,
in-Perl/ dbmclose, fileno, flock, sysreed, sysseek,
4 System Interaction
format, getc, read, readdir, tell,
More:
system(“cat $f|sort - system call readline, rewinddir, seek, telldir,truncate,
chmod, chown, opendir, readlink,
u>$f.s”); seekdir pack, unpack,
chroot, fcntl, glob, rename, rmdir,
vec
@a = readpipe(“lsmod”); catch output ioctl, link, lstat, mkdir, symlink, umask, utime
$today = “Today: “.date; catch output
7 Object-Oriented Perl and Modules
5 Input/Output
better: use IPC::Open3 'open3';!
Defining a new class:
chroot(“/home/user/”); change root open(INFILE,"in.txt") or open file for input
package Person;
die;
while (<*.c>) {} operate on all c- use strict;
files open(INFILE,"<:utf8","fil open file with my $Census;
e"); encoding sub new { #constructor, any name is fine
unlink(“/tmp/file”); delete file
open(TMP, "+>", open anonymous my $class = shift;
if (-f “file.txt”){...} file test my $self = {};
undef); temp file
$self->{NAME} = undef; # field
open(MEMORY,'>', open in-memory-file
$self->{"_CENSUS"} = \$Census; # class data
\$var);
++ ${ $self->{"_CENSUS"} };
open(OUT,">out.txt") or open output file bless ($self, $class);
die; return $self;
open(LOG,">>my.log") open file for append }
or die; sub name { #method
my $self = shift;

7 Object-Oriented Perl and Modules (cont) 8 One-Liners (cont) 8 One-Liners (cont)
if (@_) { $self->{NAME} = shift } -p same as -n, but will also print the -l enables automatic line-ending
return $self->{NAME}; contents of $_ processing in the output. Print
} statements will have the new line
Interactive perl -de1;use Term::ReadKey;
sub DESTROY { #destructor separator (\n) added at the end of
Mode:
my $self = shift; -- ${$self->{"_CENSUS"} };} each line.
http://szabgab.com/using-the-
1; # so the ‘require’ or ‘use’ succeeds
built-in-debugger-of-perl-as- -w prints any warning messages.
Using the class:
repl.html -e indicates that the following string
use Person;
is to be interpreted as a perl
$him = Person->new(); perl- http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/05
script (i.e., sequence of
$him->name("Jason"); debugger /perl-debugger/
commands).
printf "There's someone named %s.\n", $him- The Perl http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/perl/pro
>name; Debugger g3/ch20_01.htm http://perldoc.perl.org/perlrun.html
use Data::Dumper; print Dumper($him); # Perl flags - perl -e '$x = "Hello world!n"; print
-T enables taint checking, which
debug pe, -pi, -p, $x;'
instructs perl to keep track of data
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/3152/Perl- -w, -d, -i, -
from the user and avoid doing
Object-Oriented-Programming t? perldoc
anything insecure with it. Here this
http://ynonperek.com/course/perl/oo.html perlrun
option is used to avoid taking the
current directory name from the perl -MO=Deparse -p -e 1
Installing Modules:
@INC variable and listing the
perl -MO=Deparse -p -i -e 1
perl -MCPAN -e shell; available .pm files from the
perl -MO=Deparse -p -i.bak -e 1
directory recursively.
https://twitter.com/#!/perloneliner
8 One-Liners
- (zero) specify the input record separator Examples:

0
1. just lines 15 to 17, efficiently
- split data into an array named @F
a perl -ne 'print if $. >= 15; exit if $. >= 17;'
- specify pattern for -a to use when splitting 2. just lines NOT between line 10 and 20
F perl -ne 'print unless 10 .. 20'
-i edit files in place
- run through all the @ARGV arguments as

n files, using <>

Examples: (cont) Examples: (cont)
3. lines between START and END 14. If you had installed any modules from
CPAN, then you will need to re-install all of
perl -ne 'print if /START$/ .. / END$/'
them. (Naveed Massjouni)
4. in-place edit of *.c files changing all foo to
perl -E 'say for grep /site_perl/,@INC'| xargs
bar
find | perl -Fsite_perl/ -lane 'print $F[1] if
perl -pi.bak -e 's/\bfoo\b/bar/g' *.c /\.pm$/' | cpanm --reinstall
5. delete first 10 lines 15. Give executable rights to all perl file in dir
perl -i.old -ne 'print unless 1 .. 10' foo.txt find /home/client0/public_html -type f -name
'*.pl' -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0755
6. change all the isolated oldvar occurrences to
newvar 16. Find files matching name-pattern
perl -i.old -pe 's{\boldvar\b}{newvar}g' *.[chy] https://gist.github.com/563679
perl -MFile::Find -le 'find(sub{print

7. printing each line in reverse order
$File::Find::name if /\b[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]
perl -e 'print reverse <>' file1 file2 file3 ....
{2}/},"/usr")'
8. find palindromes in the /usr/dict/words
dictionary file
perl -lne '$_ = lc $_; print if $_ eq reverse'

/usr/dict/words
9. command-line that reverses all the bytes in a

file
perl -0777e 'print scalar reverse <>' f1 f2 f3
10. word wrap between 50 and 72 chars
perl -p000e 'tr/ \t\n\r/ /; s/(.

{50,72})\s/$1\n/g;$_.="\n"x2'
11. strip and remove double spaces
perl -pe '$_ = " $_ "; tr/ \t/ /s; $_ =

substr($_,1,-1)'
12. move '.txt.out' to '.out'
perl -e '($n = $_) =~ s/\.txt(\.out)$/$1/ and

not -e $n and rename $_, $n for @ARGV' *
13. write a hash slice, which we have come as

a reference to a hash
perl -E'my $h={1..8}; say for @{$h}{1,3,5,7}'


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Perl Reference Card Cheat Sheet

by Nikolay Mishin (mishin) via cheatography.com/1008/cs/399/

eq, ne, lt, gt, le, ge, string comparison double

$v = substr​($str, extract substring 1.2 Arrays and Lists

foreach $v iterate over list of

while (($k,$​v)=each iterate over key-

delete $h{k1}; delete key

exists $h{k1} does key exist?

defined $h{k1} is key defined?

By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

$aref = [1,"​foo​"​,un​def​,13]; anonymous array *foo{T​HING} foo-syntax for

$href = \%h; reference to perlcheat m/patt​ern​/ig​msox matching pattern

8}; perl-r​efe​ren​ce-card s/patt​ern​/re​pla​ce search and replace

$el = $href-​>{APR}; $el = access element m​ent​/ig​msoxe

$href2 = {%{$hr​ef1}}; copy hash i case- o compile once

do {} until (expr) postcheck until-loop \b, \B word boundary ( \w - \W) /

foreach $i (@list){} foreac​h-loop \Z string end (before \n)

By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

6 Regular Expres​sions (cont) 6 Regular Expres​sions (cont) 6 Regular Expres​sions (cont)

p-​nam​ed-​unicode (??{ code dynamic regex

{n,} , {n,}? at least n times \P{...} na​med​-un​icode (? condition corres​ponding to

\X match extended unicode (con​d)y​es| captured parent​heses

(?imxs​- enable or disable option

(?=...), positive / negative look-ahead

By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Debugging regexp 4 System Intera​ction (cont) 5 Input/​Output (cont)

use re 'taint'; File Tests: open(P​RC,​"​caesar <$file read from

By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

7 Object​-Or​iented Perl and Modules (cont) 8 One-Liners (cont) 8 One-Liners (cont)

- (zero) specify the input record separator Examples:

- run through all the @ARGV arguments as

By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Examples: (cont) Examples: (cont)

perl -MFile​::Find -le 'find(​sub​{print

perl -lne '$_ = lc $_; print if $_ eq reverse'

9. comman​d-line that reverses all the bytes in a

perl -0777e 'print scalar reverse <>' f1 f2 f3

10. word wrap between 50 and 72 chars

perl -p000e 'tr/ \t\n\r/ /; s/(.

11. strip and remove double spaces

perl -pe '$_ = " $_ "; tr/ \t/ /s; $_ =

12. move '.txt.out' to '.out'

perl -e '($n = $_) =~ s/\.tx​t(\.ou​t)$/$1/ and

13. write a hash slice, which we have come as

perl -E'my $h={1..8}; say for @{$h}{​1,3​,5,7}'

By Nikolay Mishin (mishin) Published 2nd June, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Potrebbero piacerti anche

$v = substr($str, extract substring 1.2 Arrays and Lists

while (($k,$v)=each iterate over key-

$aref = [1,"foo",undef,13]; anonymous array *foo{THING} foo-syntax for

$href = \%h; reference to perlcheat m/pattern/igmsox matching pattern

8}; perl-reference-card s/pattern/replace search and replace

$el = $href->{APR}; $el = access element ment/igmsoxe

$href2 = {%{$href1}}; copy hash i case- o compile once

foreach $i (@list){} foreach-loop \Z string end (before \n)

6 Regular Expressions (cont) 6 Regular Expressions (cont) 6 Regular Expressions (cont)

p-named-unicode (??{ code dynamic regex

{n,} , {n,}? at least n times \P{...} named-unicode (? condition corresponding to

\X match extended unicode (cond)yes| captured parentheses

(?imxs- enable or disable option

Debugging regexp 4 System Interaction (cont) 5 Input/Output (cont)

use re 'taint'; File Tests: open(PRC,"caesar <$file read from

7 Object-Oriented Perl and Modules (cont) 8 One-Liners (cont) 8 One-Liners (cont)

perl -MFile::Find -le 'find(sub{print

9. command-line that reverses all the bytes in a

perl -e '($n = $_) =~ s/\.txt(\.out)$/$1/ and

perl -E'my $h={1..8}; say for @{$h}{1,3,5,7}'