Sheet-2

1-Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25 m3 to 100 kPa in a polytropic
process with n = 1.667. Is the work positive, negative or zero?
2- An ideal gas goes through an expansion process where the volume doubles.
Which process will lead to the larger work output: an isothermal process or a
polytropic process with n = 1.25?
3- Electric power is volts times ampere (P = V I). When a car battery at 12 V is
charged with 6 amp for 3 hours how much energy is delivered?
4- A current of 10 amp runs through a resistor with a resistance of 15 ohms. Find the
rate of work that heats the resistor up.

5- A linear spring, F = k (x − x0), with spring constant k = 500 N/m, is stretched

until it is 100 mm longer. Find the required force and work input.

6- A nonlinear spring has the force versus displacement relation of F = k (x − x0)n.

If the spring end is moved to x1 from the relaxed state, determine the formula for
the required work.

7-Consider as a system the gas contained in the piston -cylinder device. The initial
pressure is 200 Kpa, and the initial volume of the gas is 0.04 m3.
a- Let a burner is placed under the cylinder , and let the volume of the gas
increase to 0.1 m3 while the pressure remain constant(P=C). Calculate the
work done by the system during this process.
b- Consider the same system and initial condition, assume the heating process
is carried out under constant temperature(T=C), Calculate the work done by
the system during this process.
c- Consider the same system and initial conditions, assume the relation
between the volume and pressure is PVn=constant during the heating
process . if the final volume is 0.1 m3. Calculate the work done.
d- Consider the same system and initial condition, but let the piston is held by
a pin so that the volume remains constant. In addition , let the heat be
transferred from the system until the pressure drops to 100 KPa . Calculate
the work done.

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8- Determine the power transmitted through the shaft of a car when the torque
applied is 200 N.m and the shaft rotates at a rate of 4000 r.p.m

9- A mass of 1.2 kg of air at 150 kPa and 12 °C is contained in a piston-cylinder

device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. During the
process heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the
cylinder remains constant. Calculate the work done during the process.

10- A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.42 m³ to a final volume of

0.12 m³.During the quasi-equilibrium process, the pressure changes with volume
according to the relation , where a = -1200 kPa/m³ and b = 600 kPa.
Calculate the work done during this process a)by plotting the process on a P-v
diagram and finding the area under the curve and b) by performing the necessary
integrations.

11- During an expansion process, the pressure of a gas changes from 100 to 900
kPa according to relation , where a = 1 MPa/m³ and b is a constant. If
the initial volume of the gas is 0.2 m³ , calculate the work done during the
process.

12- A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 2 kg of nitrogen at 100 kPa and

300 K. Nitrogen is now compressed slowly according to the relation
until it reaches a final temperature of 360 °K. Calculate the work done
during the process.

13- A piston cylinder device contains 0.05 m³ of a gas initially at 200 kPa. At this
state a linear spring, which has a spring constant of 150 kN/m, is touching the
piston but exerting no force. Now heat id transferred to the gas, causing the
piston to rise and compress the spring until the volume inside the cylinder
doubles. If the cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.25 m², determine a) the final
pressure inside the cylinder, b) the total work done by the gas, c) the fraction of
this work done against the spring to compress it.

14- A piston-cylinder device containing 50 kg of water at 150 kPa and 25 °C. The
cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m². Heat is now transferred to the water,
causing part of it to evaporate and expand. When the volume reaches 0.2 m³, the
piston reaches a linear spring whose spring constant is 100 kN/m. More heat is
transferred to the water until the piston rises 20 cm more. Determine a) the final
pressure and temperature and b) the work done during the process. It is essential
to show the process on a P-V diagram.
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