Standard Ports

2F
 Dimensions to consider
• ‰ bandwidth
– number of wires – serial/parallel
• ‰ speed
– bits/bytes/words per second
• ‰ timing methodology
– synchronous or asynchronous
• ‰ number of destinations/sources
• ‰ arbitration scheme
– daisy-chain, centralized, distributed
• ‰ protocols
– provide some guarantees as to correct communication
 SPI
Serial Peripheral
Interface
 What is SPI ?
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus was
developed by Motorola to provide full-duplex
synchronous serial communication between
master and slave devices.

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is an interface

bus commonly used for communication with
flash memory, sensors, real-time clocks (RTCs),
analog-to-digital converters, and more
 SPI Pins
SPI uses 4 main signals

Master Out Slave Input

(MOSI)

Master Input Slave Out

(MISO)

Serial Clock (SCLK)

Chip Select ( CS)

 SPI Pin description
MOSI is generated by the Master and is
received by the Slave ,on some chips labeled as
Serial Input (SI) or Serial Data Input (SDI)

MISO is generated by the Slave and is received

by the Master ,on some chips labeled as Serial
Out (SO) or Serial Data Out (SDO)
How SPI works
Daisy Chain SPI
Configuration
Independent Slave SPI
Configuration
Configure CPOL and CPHA
MODE 0
Practical APP
 Pros and Cons
Advantages :- Disadvantage
Full Duplex s :-
Communication
No HW Flow Control
Simple HW interface
No Acknowledgment
Low power
Signal
requirements
Higher throughput More pins on IC
than I2C packages than I2C
 RS232
•RS232 is a asynchronous serial
communication protocol widely used in
computers and digital systems.
 RS232 standard pins
Structure of the transmitted
data in RS-232
• The start bit is the bit denoting the beginning
of the transmission, usually 0.
• Data bits - 5, 6, 7 or 8 bits of data. The first bit
is the less significant bit.
• Parity bit - A bit intended for parity checking.
Serves for detecting errors
 The Level Conversion

•We know that a HIGH =+5v and LOW=0v in TTL / MCU

circuits but in RS232 a 
HIGH=-12V and LOW=+12V.

how to interface this to MCUs who understand only

0 and 5v?
MAX232
RS232 specifications
SCSI (S)mall (C)omputer (S)ystems (I)nterface
SCSI
SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) is a smart bus, controlled with a microprocessor,
that allows you to add up to 15 peripheral devices to the computer. These devices can
include hard drives, scanners, printers, and other peripherals.
SCSI is widely used in workstations, servers, and mainframes; it is less commonly used in
desktop PCs. The advantage of SCSI in a desktop PC is that you can add a scanner and
several other drives (for example, CD-Rs, DVD-RAM, Zip drives), as well as hard drives, to
one SCSI cable chain. This has become less important as alternate interfaces such as USB
and FireWire have become popular.
SCSI is useful in network servers, where several hard drives can be easily set up as a RAID
configuration. If one drive fails, it can be removed and a new one inserted, without loss of
data, while the system is still operational. This feature of RAID hardware is called hot-
swapping.
Advantages
SCSI ID and logical unit
Daisy chaining
SCSI Connectors
 USB
Universal Serial Bus
Advadanges of USB
•Ease of Use
» One interface for many devices
» Hot pluggable
» Automatic configuration
» No power supply required
= Devices can pull up to 500 mA from the bus
•Reliability
»Lossless data transfers
Advadanges of USB

•Speed
»Three transfer speeds
»Low Speed — 1.5 Mbps (USB 1.1 and 2.0)
»Full Speed — 12 Mbps (USB 1.1 and 2.0)
»Hi-Speed — 480 Mbps (USB 2.0 only)
•Low Power Consumption
» Suspend mode
= Devices consume 500 uA or less (USB 2.0)
= Devices consume 2.5 mA or less (USB 3.0)
Advadanges of USB
•Availability
» Microsoft and Intel's PC 2001 System Design Guide
requires that all new PC's have two user-accessible USB
ports
Final Comparison