10

10
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. As the twentieth century ended, the most common living arrangement among elderly women in
the U.S. became
A. living with a married daughter.

B. living alone.
C. living in a nursing home.
D. living with a married son.
2. Most of the elderly, when asked in survey after survey, prefer to live out their old age
__________.
A. with their adult children

B. with siblings
C. alone
D. in a retirement community
3. Today in the United States there are more than ______________ centenarians, people who live
to be more than 100 years old.
A. 25,000
B. 50,000
C. 75,000
D. 100,000
4. Which of the following factors has contributed to grandparenthood becoming a distinct stage of
life?
A. decline in adult mortality

B. decrease in fertility
C. increased standard of living
D. all of the above
5. On average, black babies in the United States have a life expectancy that is __________ white
babies.
A. greater than that of

B. less than that of
C. equal to that of
6. In the 2007 federal budget, Social Security
A. accounted for 20% of the entire federal budget

B. combined with Medicare accounted for 35% of the federal budget
C. accounted for $34 billion more than all expenditures on National Defense
D. all of the above
7. The most common generation linkage of kin in the United States is __________ generations.
A. five
B. four
C. three
D. two
8. Falling mortality and fertility rates have altered the kinship bonds of people in the United States.
The major change has been
A. an increase in horizontal ties and a decrease in vertical ties across generations.

B. decreasing bonds of kinship of any type.
C. decreasing links vertically across generations.
D. decreasing horizontal bonds and increasing vertical bonds of kinship across generations.
9. Based on current figures, you and your parents' lives, on average, will overlap by about _____
years.
A. 50
B. 70
C. 30
D. 20
10. Among the elderly, those most likely to be poor are:
A. older.
B. female.
C. African American or Hispanic.
D. all of the above
11. According to their own responses to different surveys, what do most of the elderly in Western
nations prefer in their relationships with their children and grandchildren?
A. "intimacy at a distance"
B. sharing the same household
C. sharing the same neighborhood
D. a hands-off approach
12. The primary factor determining the amount and degree of contact among families is
A. love.
B. health.
C. previous relations.
D. geographical distance.
13. Of the following, which statement most clearly reflects intergenerational ambivalence?
A. men feel more ambivalence toward their older parents than do women
B. women feel more ambivalence toward their older parents than do men
C. older parents feel more ambivalence toward their sons
D. a son is more likely to provide care for an aging parent even though he felt ambivalent about it
14. Which of the following relationships tends to be the most distant in middle and late life in the
United States?
A. mother-son
B. mother-daughter
C. divorced mother-children
D. divorced father-children
15. In a recent survey, it was found that _______ of the caregivers for the dependent elderly living in
the community and not in a nursing homes were women.
A. one-half
B. two-thirds
C. three-quarters
D. four-fifths
16. Public awareness of nursing home care for the elderly has been influenced in recent years by
numerous expose-type news articles and documentaries. This focus has had the perhaps
unintended result of many U.S. citizens believing that _____ of the elderly live in nursing homes,
when in fact, most of the elderly are cared for by _____.
A. a minority; home-care nurses

B. a majority; members of their families
C. a majority; government social programs
D. a minority; friends and neighbors who check in on them
17. The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has
A. decreased
B. remained the same over the last 50 years
C. increased
D. diminished because grandparents are too old to take care of small children
18. Of the following living arrangements, which is the most likely one for elderly men today in the
United States?
A. living alone
B. living with a spouse
C. living with other relatives
D. living with other non-relatives
19. Which of the following factors did not contribute to the elderly relying on kin for support in the
earlier history of our country?
A. social welfare programs

B. unemployment
C. death
D. lower wages
20. Skipped-generation households are created because of the following reason(s)
A. child abuse by parent

B. incarceration of parent
C. drug abuse or illness
D. all of the above
21. Women have greater ambivalent feelings toward their parents than men because
A. they have less time to take care of them today because of employment.
B. grandparents often are called upon for help with childcare.
C. older people have greater life expectancy today.
D. both a and b
22. Intergenerational ties are becoming more important because of
A. the greater life expectancy of grandparents.

B. the decline of the two-parent nuclear family.
C. lack of public care of the elderly.
D. the increased importance of family in the U.S. society.
23. When the author uses the term the "family national guard" he refers to
A. social workers.
B. women.
C. grandparents.
D. men.
24. Matching Quiz
1. government health insurance program intergenerational

for the poor of all ages solidarity ____
2. Personal care activities, including
bathing, dressing and getting into and out
of bed, walking indoors and using the
toilet. gerontologists ____
3. Having more money than in the past young-old ____
4. characteristics of family relationships
that knit the generations together older population ____
5. professionals who specialize in the
study of aging Medicare ____
6. births in a population old-old ____
7. all persons aged 65 and over fertility ____
8. Characteristics of family relationships
that knit the generations together mortality ____
9. government program of health
insurance for the elderly oldest-old ____
10. those aged 75 to 84 Medicaid ____
rising standard of
11. those aged 65 to 74 living ____
12. Socially structured contradictory
emotions in an intergenerational activities of daily
relationship living (ADL) ____
13. Households containing grandparents skipped-generation
and grandchildren only households ____
intergenerational
14. those over the age of 85 solidarity ____
intergenerational
15. deaths in a population ambivalence ____
25. The average monthly Social Security benefit has doubled in value since 1960, even taking into
account inflation.
True False
26. Medicare, the government program of health insurance for the elderly, pays the majority of the
health expenditures of the elderly.
True False
27. The elderly seem to be gaining not in just living longer, but also living healthier.
True False
28. In 2011, over 7.6 million children lived with their grandparents.
True False
29. Most of the elderly who have five or more limitations to their activities of daily living (personal
care, bathing, and dressing, for example) live in nursing homes.
True False
30. Once divorce or death of the biological parent occurs, there is little relationship left between
stepchild and stepparent in contemporary U.S. family life.
True False
31. Overall, the contact among the elderly, their children, and their grandchildren in the United States
is high.
True False
32. Spouses and relatives provide most of the assistance to the elderly in the United States
currently.
True False
33. Thirty-nine percent of grandparents reported that they had at least one grandchild that lived within
five miles of them.
True False
34. Historical accounts suggest that intensive intergenerational cooperation was more common in the
earlier history of our country than it is today.
True False
35. In a study of rural Iowa grandfathers, grandfathers who were divorced reported no difference in
contact and closeness with grandchildren if they were divorced or not.
True False
36. Intergenerational solidarity is usually measured by contact, affinity, and proximity.
True False
37. In many instances, the elderly today are more independent because they can be. Discuss the
sociological and demographic reasons for this change of status for the elderly.
38. Discuss what Cherlin meant by " the more-than-four grandparents phenomenon is so new that no
one is sure what influence it may have on family life.
39. Given the great success of the U.S. Social Security program, which is available to nearly all
workers and which has enhanced considerably the living conditions of the elderly, why do you
suppose so many U.S. citizens are opposed to a similar universal program for all children under
the age of 18?
40. When grown children and their elderly parents assist each other, the assistance is often
complementary. How so?
41. How do family caregivers to the elderly perform a critical public service?
42. Why, in terms of kinship ties, are elderly males at risk?
43. Discuss caregivers and stress and how giving care is often less stressful and more rewarding
than not giving care.
44. There seems to be a growing (and perhaps manufactured) tension between the elderly,
nonworking population of the United States and the current workers, mostly baby-boomers, over
Social Security. Why is Social Security, as it exists currently, a divisive issue for these two
groups? What about the future, as baby-boomers age?
45. In earlier generations, older parents and their adult children were often forced to rely on each
other, regardless of their desire to do so. Discuss some of the reasons for this reliance on each
other.
46. Describe a multigenerational household and the effects it might have on the families who live in
them.
47. Discuss why, over the past few decades, a modest but growing percentage of grandchildren have
been living with their grandparents. Be sure to mention skipped-generation households.
48. With respect to older parents and their adult children, discuss the three broad characteristics of
intergenerational solidarity.
10 Key
1. As the twentieth century ended, the most common living arrangement among elderly women
(p. 314) in the U.S. became
A. living with a married daughter.

B. living alone.
C. living in a nursing home.
D. living with a married son.
Cherlin - Chapter 10 #1
2. Most of the elderly, when asked in survey after survey, prefer to live out their old age
(p. 315) __________.
A. with their adult children

B. with siblings
C. alone
D. in a retirement community
3. Today in the United States there are more than ______________ centenarians, people who
(p. 309) live to be more than 100 years old.
A. 25,000
B. 50,000
C. 75,000
D. 100,000
4. Which of the following factors has contributed to grandparenthood becoming a distinct stage of
(p. 308- life?
313)
A. decline in adult mortality

B. decrease in fertility
C. increased standard of living
D. all of the above
5. On average, black babies in the United States have a life expectancy that is __________
(p. 308) white babies.
A. greater than that of

B. less than that of
C. equal to that of
6. In the 2007 federal budget, Social Security

(p. 312)
A. accounted for 20% of the entire federal budget

B. combined with Medicare accounted for 35% of the federal budget
C. accounted for $34 billion more than all expenditures on National Defense
D. all of the above
7. The most common generation linkage of kin in the United States is __________ generations.
(p. 310)
A. five
B. four
C. three
D. two
8. Falling mortality and fertility rates have altered the kinship bonds of people in the United
(p. 310) States. The major change has been
A. an increase in horizontal ties and a decrease in vertical ties across generations.

B. decreasing bonds of kinship of any type.
C. decreasing links vertically across generations.
D. decreasing horizontal bonds and increasing vertical bonds of kinship across generations.
9. Based on current figures, you and your parents' lives, on average, will overlap by about _____
(p. 311) years.
A. 50
B. 70
C. 30
D. 20
10. Among the elderly, those most likely to be poor are:
(p. 311)
A. older.
B. female.
C. African American or Hispanic.
D. all of the above
11. According to their own responses to different surveys, what do most of the elderly in Western
(p. 315) nations prefer in their relationships with their children and grandchildren?
A. "intimacy at a distance"
B. sharing the same household
C. sharing the same neighborhood
D. a hands-off approach
12. The primary factor determining the amount and degree of contact among families is
(p. 317)
A. love.
B. health.
C. previous relations.
D. geographical distance.
13. Of the following, which statement most clearly reflects intergenerational ambivalence?
(p. 330-
332)
A. men feel more ambivalence toward their older parents than do women
B. women feel more ambivalence toward their older parents than do men
C. older parents feel more ambivalence toward their sons
D. a son is more likely to provide care for an aging parent even though he felt ambivalent
about it
14. Which of the following relationships tends to be the most distant in middle and late life in the
(p. 332) United States?
A. mother-son
B. mother-daughter
C. divorced mother-children
D. divorced father-children
15. In a recent survey, it was found that _______ of the caregivers for the dependent elderly living
(p. 325) in the community and not in a nursing homes were women.
A. one-half
B. two-thirds
C. three-quarters
D. four-fifths
16. Public awareness of nursing home care for the elderly has been influenced in recent years by
(p. 325) numerous expose-type news articles and documentaries. This focus has had the perhaps
unintended result of many U.S. citizens believing that _____ of the elderly live in nursing
homes, when in fact, most of the elderly are cared for by _____.
A. a minority; home-care nurses

B. a majority; members of their families
C. a majority; government social programs
D. a minority; friends and neighbors who check in on them
17. The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has

(p. 322)
A. decreased
B. remained the same over the last 50 years
C. increased
D. diminished because grandparents are too old to take care of small children
18. Of the following living arrangements, which is the most likely one for elderly men today in the
(p. 316) United States?
A. living alone
B. living with a spouse
C. living with other relatives
D. living with other non-relatives
19. Which of the following factors did not contribute to the elderly relying on kin for support in the
(p. 307) earlier history of our country?
A. social welfare programs

B. unemployment
C. death
D. lower wages
20. Skipped-generation households are created because of the following reason(s)

(p. 323)
A. child abuse by parent

B. incarceration of parent
C. drug abuse or illness
D. all of the above
21. Women have greater ambivalent feelings toward their parents than men because
(p. 331)
A. they have less time to take care of them today because of employment.
B. grandparents often are called upon for help with childcare.
C. older people have greater life expectancy today.
D. both a and b
22. Intergenerational ties are becoming more important because of
(p. 333)
A. the greater life expectancy of grandparents.

B. the decline of the two-parent nuclear family.
C. lack of public care of the elderly.
D. the increased importance of family in the U.S. society.
23. When the author uses the term the "family national guard" he refers to
(p. 334)
A. social workers.
B. women.
C. grandparents.
D. men.
24. Matching Quiz
(p. 308-
331)
1. government health insurance program intergenerational

for the poor of all ages solidarity 4
2. Personal care activities, including
bathing, dressing and getting into and out
of bed, walking indoors and using the
toilet. gerontologists 5
3. Having more money than in the past young-old 11
4. characteristics of family relationships
that knit the generations together older population 7
5. professionals who specialize in the
study of aging Medicare 9
6. births in a population old-old 10
7. all persons aged 65 and over fertility 6
8. Characteristics of family relationships
that knit the generations together mortality 15
9. government program of health
insurance for the elderly oldest-old 14
10. those aged 75 to 84 Medicaid 1
rising standard of
11. those aged 65 to 74 living 3
12. Socially structured contradictory
emotions in an intergenerational activities of daily
relationship living (ADL) 2
13. Households containing grandparents skipped-generation
and grandchildren only households 13
intergenerational
14. those over the age of 85 solidarity 8
intergenerational
15. deaths in a population ambivalence 12
25. The average monthly Social Security benefit has doubled in value since 1960, even taking into
(p. 311) account inflation.
TRUE
26. Medicare, the government program of health insurance for the elderly, pays the majority of the
(p. 311) health expenditures of the elderly.
FALSE
27. The elderly seem to be gaining not in just living longer, but also living healthier.
(p. 334)
TRUE
28. In 2011, over 7.6 million children lived with their grandparents.
(p. 322)
TRUE
29. Most of the elderly who have five or more limitations to their activities of daily living (personal
(p. 325) care, bathing, and dressing, for example) live in nursing homes.
FALSE
30. Once divorce or death of the biological parent occurs, there is little relationship left between
(p. 332) stepchild and stepparent in contemporary U.S. family life.
TRUE
31. Overall, the contact among the elderly, their children, and their grandchildren in the United
(p. 317) States is high.
TRUE
32. Spouses and relatives provide most of the assistance to the elderly in the United States
(p. 307) currently.
TRUE
33. Thirty-nine percent of grandparents reported that they had at least one grandchild that lived
(p. 317) within five miles of them.
FALSE
34. Historical accounts suggest that intensive intergenerational cooperation was more common in
(p. 313) the earlier history of our country than it is today.
TRUE
35. In a study of rural Iowa grandfathers, grandfathers who were divorced reported no difference
(p. 332) in contact and closeness with grandchildren if they were divorced or not.
FALSE
36. Intergenerational solidarity is usually measured by contact, affinity, and proximity.

(p. 327)
FALSE
37. In many instances, the elderly today are more independent because they can be. Discuss the
(p. 308- sociological and demographic reasons for this change of status for the elderly.
318)
Answer will vary
38. Discuss what Cherlin meant by " the more-than-four grandparents phenomenon is so new that
(p. 306) no one is sure what influence it may have on family life.
Answer will vary
39. Given the great success of the U.S. Social Security program, which is available to nearly all
workers and which has enhanced considerably the living conditions of the elderly, why do you
suppose so many U.S. citizens are opposed to a similar universal program for all children
under the age of 18?
Answer will vary

40. When grown children and their elderly parents assist each other, the assistance is often
(p. 318- complementary. How so?
319)
Answer will vary
41. How do family caregivers to the elderly perform a critical public service?
(p. 326)
Answer will vary
42. Why, in terms of kinship ties, are elderly males at risk?

(p. 333)
Answer will vary
43. Discuss caregivers and stress and how giving care is often less stressful and more rewarding
(p. 326- than not giving care.
327)
Answer will vary
44. There seems to be a growing (and perhaps manufactured) tension between the elderly,
(p. 312- nonworking population of the United States and the current workers, mostly baby-boomers,
313)
over Social Security. Why is Social Security, as it exists currently, a divisive issue for these
two groups? What about the future, as baby-boomers age?
Answer will vary

45. In earlier generations, older parents and their adult children were often forced to rely on each
(p. 312- other, regardless of their desire to do so. Discuss some of the reasons for this reliance on
313)
each other.
Answer will vary
46. Describe a multigenerational household and the effects it might have on the families who live
(p. 322- in them.
323)
Answer will vary
47. Discuss why, over the past few decades, a modest but growing percentage of grandchildren
(p. 322- have been living with their grandparents. Be sure to mention skipped-generation households.
323)
Answer will vary
48. With respect to older parents and their adult children, discuss the three broad characteristics
(p. 327) of intergenerational solidarity.
Answer will vary

10 Summary
Category # of Questions
Cherlin - Chapter 10 48

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A. living with a married daughter.

A. with their adult children

A. decline in adult mortality

A. greater than that of

6. In the 2007 federal budget, Social Security

A. accounted for 20% of the entire federal budget

A. an increase in horizontal ties and a decrease in vertical ties across generations.

A. a minority; home-care nurses

17. The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has

A. social welfare programs

A. child abuse by parent

22. Intergenerational ties are becoming more important because of

A. the greater life expectancy of grandparents.

1. government health insurance program intergenerational

36. Intergenerational solidarity is usually measured by contact, affinity, and proximity.

42. Why, in terms of kinship ties, are elderly males at risk?

A. living with a married daughter.

A. with their adult children

A. decline in adult mortality

A. greater than that of

6. In the 2007 federal budget, Social Security

A. accounted for 20% of the entire federal budget

A. an increase in horizontal ties and a decrease in vertical ties across generations.

A. a minority; home-care nurses

17. The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has

A. social welfare programs

20. Skipped-generation households are created because of the following reason(s)

A. child abuse by parent

A. the greater life expectancy of grandparents.

1. government health insurance program intergenerational

36. Intergenerational solidarity is usually measured by contact, affinity, and proximity.

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #37

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #38

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #39

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #40

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #41

42. Why, in terms of kinship ties, are elderly males at risk?

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #42

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #43

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #44

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #45

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #46

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #47

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 10 #48

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