UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION & MEDIA STUDIES

BACHELOR OF NEW MEDIA (HONs)

SUBJECT:

NMC 410 – INTRODUCTION TO NEW MEDIA

TOPIC:

HOW NEW MEDIA IMPACT TO SOCIETY BY INTERACTIVE TELEVISION

PREPARED BY:

HAZIQ MIRQAN BIN SUHAIMIN

(2018216788)

MUHAMMAD ADLIL MUADZIM BIN JAMIL

(2018423786)

MUHAMMAD SHAHRUL IRFAN BIN SHAFIQ FAUZAN

(2018260954)

MUHAMAD HANIF BIN MOHAMAD

(2018225478)

PREPARED FOR:

DR ZULKIFLI ABD LATIFF

SUBMISSION DATE:

29 NOVEMBER 2018
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK COMMUNITY

A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which

allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange
data with each other using connections (data links) between nodes. These data links are
established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such
as WiFi.

Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called
network nodes. Nodes are identified by network addresses and can include hosts such
as personal computers, phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such
devices can be said to be networked together when one device is able to exchange
information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each
other. In most cases, application-specific communications protocols are layered (i.e.
carried as payload) over other more general communications protocols. This
formidable collection of information technology requires skilled network
management to keep it all running reliably.

Computer networks support an enormous number of applications and services such as

access to the World Wide Web, digital video, digital audio, shared use of application
and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant
messaging applications as well as many others. Computer networks differ in
the transmission medium used to carry their signals, communications protocols to
organize network traffic, the network's size, topology, traffic control mechanism and
organizational intent. The best-known computer network is the Internet.

A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) that has something
in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a
sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town,
or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable
relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of
community. People tend to define those social ties as important to their identity,
practice, and roles in social institutions (such as family, home, work, government,
society, or humanity at-large need quotation to verify Although communities are
usually small relative to personal social ties (micro-level), "community" may also refer
to large group affiliations (or macro-level), such as national communities, international
communities, and virtual communities.

Internet communities

Groups of people are complex, in ways that make those groups hard to form and hard to
sustain; much of the shape of traditional institutions is a response to those difficulties.
New social tools relieve some of those burdens, allowing for new kinds of
group-forming, like using simple sharing to anchor the creation of new groups.

One simple form of cooperation, almost universal with social tools, is conversation;
when people are in one another's company, even virtually, they like to talk.
Conversation creates more of a sense of community than sharing does.

Collaborative production is a more involved form of cooperation, as it increases the

tension between individual and group goals. The litmus test for collaborative
production is simple: no one person can take credit for what gets created, and the
project could not come into being without the participation of many.

An online community builds weaker bonds if allows users to be anonymous. Clay

Shirky, a researcher on digital media, states in reference to the audience of an online
community, "An audience isn’t just a big community; it can be more anonymous, with
many fewer ties among users. A community isn’t just a small audience either; it has a
social density that audiences lack." The sites that offer online communities,
like Myspace, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr, and Pinterest allow users to
"stalk" their community and act anonymously
2.0.1 The Advantages of Network Community

1. Worldwide Connectivity

No matter if you are searching for a former college roommate, your first grade
teacher, or an international friend, no easier or faster way to make a connection exists
than social media. Although Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Pinterest are probably
the most well-known social networking communities, new websites are popping up
regularly that let people connect and interact over the Web.

With each of these sites, individuals can make new friends, build business
connections or simply extend their personal base by connecting and interacting with
friends of friends - which can have a multiplying effect.

These connections can help with a variety of things such as:

 Finding romance

 Seeking a new job

 Locating assistance

 Getting and giving product and service referrals

 Receiving support from like-minded individuals

 Making or receiving career or personal advice

 Sharing political beliefs

 Accessing news in real time

In many ways, these social communities are the virtual equivalent of church socials
where family and friends gather to exchange news and get updates. Even the age-old
custom of connecting with pen pals has been upgraded as private messages can be sent
over social media. When it comes to getting information, few methods are faster than
social media.
2. Commonality of Interest

When you opt to participate in a social network community, you can pick and
choose individuals whose likes and dislikes are similar to yours and build your network
around those commonalities. For instance, if you are a chess aficionado, a knitter, a
book lover or have a particular political leaning, you can find and interact with those
who share your interest.

It can also be a great way to share tips and ideas. Sites like Pinterest have been very
successful due to the ease in which a person can learn - and share - information about
hobbies, crafts, cooking, gardening and other do-it-yourself activities. By pinning and
sharing, you can attract like-minded individuals into your circle.

But, just as these virtual groups can help hobbyists exchange ideas and techniques,
other social network groups offer solutions for more vexing, real-world problems. For
example, social media groups can be lifelines for individuals suffering from a rare
disease. Churches, synagogues and temples also use social media to reach out to
members who may be unable to attend services.

3. Real-Time Information Sharing

Social Networking for Business

Many social networking sites incorporate an instant messaging feature, which lets
people exchange information in real-time via a chat. This is a great feature for teachers
to use to facilitate classroom discussions because it lets them utilize the vast store of
information available on the Web. This can be a great time saver for the teacher - since
students no longer need to visit a library to conduct research- and it can be a great way
to engage distracted learners.

School is not the only setting where this type of real-time information sharing can
be beneficial. Social networking can provide a tool for managers to utilize in team
meetings, for conference organizers to use to update attendees and for business people
to use as a means of interacting with clients or prospects. Some leaders are going so far
as to include Tweets or other social media updates during presentations. This approach
can make events more interactive and help the presenter reach a larger audience.

4. Targeted Advertising
 Whether you are non-profit organization that needs to get the word out about an
upcoming fundraiser or a business owner marketing a new product or service, there's no
better way than social media to get your message in front of millions of people 24/7.

Although social media can be used to spread a company's message for free,
fee-based advertising options are also available. One of the best aspects of social
networking is the ability to deliver your content only to those users with the most
potential interest in your product or service. Each social platform offers an array of
tools that enable a business to deliver specific content to a very specific target group.
This approach can maximize targeted reach while minimizing waste.

5. Increased News Cycle Speed

Undoubtedly, social networking has revolutionized the speed of the news cycle.
Most news organizations now rely on social media sites to collect and share
information. Social media - especially Twitter - is steadily becoming a mainstream
source for breaking news. Today an individual can know, in real time, what is
happening throughout the world. This has led to the development of a nearly
instantaneous news cycle as everything from terrorist attacks to local car crashes get
shared on social media, quickly alerting their intended audience of the event.

Part of the increase in the speed of news can be attributed to smartphones. The
percentage of individuals accessing social media via their phone or mobile device
continues to rise. A 2014 Pew Center study states that 40 percent of smart phone users
access social media from their phones - and 28 percent do it on a daily basis
2.0.2 Negative effect of Community Network

Before diving too deep into the world of social media, perhaps you should consider
some of these possible pitfalls.

1. Backlash

Social Networking Tween

A joke among friends is one thing but a joke with the world at-large is much
different. When potentially offensive content is posted online, the amount of feedback
can be excessive and is often brutal. This is particularly true with highly opinionated
subjects like politics and religion. This backlash can also have a long-term impact on a
person's future, especially in a world that has fallen prey to over-sharing. Even high
school students are learning that comments they post on social media can influence
whether a college approves their application for admission.

In an age where selfies are the norm, the over-sharing may even be altering our
worldview by creating a more narcistic mindset.

2. Cyberbullying and Crimes Against Children

Use of social networks may expose individuals to other forms of harassment or

even inappropriate contact. This can be especially true for teens and younger children.
Unless parents diligently filter the Web content their family views, children could be
exposed to pornography or other inappropriate content.

Besides unleashing age-inappropriate content, the digital age also gave birth to a
social phenomenon - cyberbullying. It is often levied more harshly against young
females that males and, unlike traditional bullying, it is not limited to physical
interaction. Cyberbullying can happen 24 hours a day, every day of the week. Adding to
this realm of cyber abuse are the anonymous social media sites which can elevate the
severity of the assault - under the false promise of privacy.
3. Risks of Fraud or Identity Theft

Whether you like it or not, the information you post on the Internet is available to
almost anyone who is clever enough to access it. Most thieves need just a few vital
pieces of personal information to make your life a nightmare. If they successfully steal
your identity, it could cost you dearly. A report on Bankrate reveals Millennials are one
of the fastest growing groups to be victims. This is linked to the group's comfort with
sharing everything online - including personal information.

4. Time Waster

Business Insider reports that social media is the most popular use of the Internet -
surpassing email - and smartphones and other mobile devices seem to be the driving
force behind this trend since 60 percent of the traffic is from a mobile source. The
GlobalWebIndex poll shows that 28 percent of the time spent online is on social
networks. With these type of numbers, some of the time spent on social media occurs at
work. When these visits are for non-work related activity, it can cost companies money
through lost productivity. A report on Forbes states that 89 percent of responders
admitted to wasting time on social media while at work.

5. Corporate Invasion of Privacy

Social networking invites major corporations to invade your privacy and sell your
personal information. Have you ever posted a comment on Facebook, only to notice an
advertisement appear with content related to your post? Last year, Facebook earned an
estimated $16 billion in ad revenue. That's not bad for a free site.

If Facebook and other social networking sites don't charge their members,
however, how do they make so much money? They do it by selling the ability to
specifically target advertisements. On social networking sites, the website isn't the
product - the users are. These sites run algorithms that search for keywords, web
browsing habits, and other data stored on your computer or social networking profile
and provide you with advertisements targeted specifically to you.
Differing Opinions

Because networking and online social communities are so widespread, several

studies have looked at the effects of social networking. A common complaint,
highlighted on debate.org, suggests social media is making us less social and more
aggressive. Comments on social media sites are often more blunt than the statements
would be if they were made face-to-face. But other sources, like Psychology Today,
suggest that social networking, like any other technological tool, is as good as a user
makes it.

Best Practices

When using any social media platform, take responsibility for your own safety and
never join a group just because it is trendy or all your friends are doing it. In evaluating
the advantages and disadvantages of social networking, it's best to err on the side of
caution and protect your privacy. Be careful with what you post and treat others as if
you were in a face-to-face situation.

The Future of Social Media for Community Developers

To say that social networking holds tremendous potential in the field of

community development is an understatement. The use of social media and
networking can literally transform the field in ways not well understood or even
conceived. Yet, with the dramatic changes taking place and projected to take place (in
terms of affordability and computing speeds), there exist significant challenges to
practi-tioners of community development.

Challenges for Community Developers

There are many challenges and limitations that pre-vent or dissuade use of social
media and network-ing to its full potential in the field of community development.
First, the cost of some technologies, particularly mobile devices and their often
expen-sive service contracts can prove prohibitive for many users. While the costs of
computing (i.e., processors, monitors, etc.) have decreased mark-edly in recent years,
technologies that provide easy access to social media and networking sites can be
beyond the means of those in poverty or for those outside broadband access. Subsidies
and scholar-ship can begin to address some of these issues as well as the recycling of
“outdated” but still func-tional hardware such as personal digital assistants or mobile
devices.

Second, the skills required to be social network-savvy can be overwhelming,

particularly to those without much time to invest in initial learning. There are
necessary investments in terms of setting up accounts, learning new software
applications, and the consistent maintenance (i.e., reading and processing) of data that
may prove overwhelming to community developers, particularly those with little
background in related types of technology.

Further, community members with whom commu-nity developers wish to

engage may not be com-fortable and willing to engage in virtual communi-cations and
relationships as part of their commu-nity and civic life. The potential alienation of
peo-ple through virtual technologies, especially thosewho are already marginalized in
communities, will continue to present a significant challenge. Signifi-cant investment
by community development or-ganizations, and the Community Development
So-ciety in particular, regarding training and skill-building, will benefit not only
individuals, but the profession as a whole.

Third, there exits a considerable digital divide be-tween the “haves” and
“have-nots” that is neither easy to address nor uncomplicated to overcome. Clearly,
there is increasing evidence that access to high speed internet connectivity is more
readily available to urban populations than rural popula-tions and ubiquitous access to
web-based technolo-gies is still an aspiration for many. As a conse-quence, social
networking tools may be a more ac-cessible or a more appropriate application in
urban contexts. Recognizing this digital divide and the fact that urban community
development is quite different from rural community development will be critical
toward addressing many of these funda-mental issues.

Fourth, social media and social networking can ac-tually exacerbate divisions of
perspective and may work counter to the collaborative goals of many community
development efforts that promote in-clusiveness and diversity. New web-based
tech-nologies may promote a more introverted, solitary,
and secluded populace with citizens either unable, unwilling, or uninterested in
interacting face-to-face with their neighbors. Active citizen participa-tion in the
affairs of the future is described by Fischer (2000, p. 259) as the “raison d’être of
de-mocracy. Not only does [citizen participation] give meaning to the term, but it
plays an important role in legitimating both policy formulation and imple-mentation.”

For Putnam, (2000. p. 341) democracy in the form of face-to-face participation is

essential since “citizenship is not a spectator sport.” New, web-based technologies
may actually augment the at-omization of the citizenry, resulting in further
polarization, tension, and ultimately an inability to address many of the complicated
and often value-based community development issues of our times.

Last, with the availability of seemingly immeasur-able amounts of information

accessible through social networking, the irony is that we have be-come lost in a sea
of data. Web searches today can reveal an overabundance of information that may
overwhelm the most technologically-competent community developers. A concerted
effort to con-tinually manage and organize information related to community
development will only serve to help practitioners navigate the morass of social media
related to the discipline. Yet, as these many pre-sent and future challenges present
themselves, there are also many opportunities and success sto-ries for organizing in
the field of community development.

Social Media and Networking Success Stories

There are many examples of successful use of social networking in community

development efforts.One initiative is the Netroots Nation (netrootsnation.org) social
networking effort that some community developers have used, particularly those
involved in social justice and related progressive efforts. Netroots Nation provides

online and in-person forums for exchanging ideas and learning how to be more
effective in using technology to influence public debate. Another popular social
networking site is Digg (digg.com). Digg is a social news sharing, discovering, book-

marking and rating information website. Digg started out as a popular technology
news sharing destination but includes a topics such as political issues, social issues
and economic development.
Community Development Society Resources

The Community Development Society has made significant progress in developing

and promoting various social media and networking initiatives.

The Society has now created a Twitter feed

(twitter.com/commdevsoc), Facebook page

(facebook.com/group.php?gid=6002603385), email

listserv (CDS-L@listserv.unl.edu), and website

(comm-dev.org).

A new sub-committee, working under the Commu-nications Committee has

undertaken the design of a comprehensive strategy to begin to investigate current use
and capacity within the Society, and poten-tial for growth and development in both
the short and longer-term. The author is taking the lead on this initiative and
welcomes involvement from the membership or others interested in supporting the
development of social media and networking op-portunities in the field of community
development
3.0 CONCLUSION

There are three closing comments as a result of this small research effort. First, the
use of social media and networking can conform to and even comple-ment the
principles of the Community Develop-ment Society. The use of these tools has the
poten-tial to promote the fundamental tenets of the Soci-ety and influence how
practitioners act and interact in the future.

Second, social media and networking, while having challenges, can if the many
previously described obstacles and challenges are overcome, also pro-vide a relatively
simple, free, and ubiquitous method of communicating, sharing of information, and
involvement of a diverse constituency in com-munity development efforts. Continued
work in

this area must progress to ensure these tools remain easy to use and understandable to
practitioners, particularly with current threat to net-neutrality looming.

Last, the use of these tools has great potential to transform the community
development discipline in ways that are likely unanticipated. Those in-volved in
community development would do well to become familiar with various opportunities,
to address the challenges outlined above in a coordi-nated effort, and seek new and
innovative methods to use and apply social media and networking tools to transform
the discipline in the future.
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