Fits:

Fit is defined as the degree of freedom of tightness between the mating

parts in an assembly. Fit obtaining parts are either movable joint or fixed
joint.
For Example, Shaft and Bearing assembly.

Clearance Fit:
In clearance fit, an air space or clearance exists between the shaft and
hole.

(1) Loose Fit:

It is used between those mating parts where no precision
is required. It provides minimum allowance and is used on loose pulleys,
agricultural machineries etc.

(2)Running Fit:
For are running fit, the dimension of shaft should be
smaller enough to maintain a film of oil for lubrication. It is used in
bearing pair etc.

(3) Slide Fit or Medium Fit:

It is used on those mating parts where
great precision is required. It provides medium allowance and is used in
tool slides, slide valve, automobile parts, etc.
TRANSITION FIT:
The transition fit is obtained. When the diameter of
the largest hole is grater then diameter of the smallest hole.

(1) Wringing fit:

It is providing either zero interference or clearance.
Wringing fit is used where parts can be replaced without difficulty
during minor repairs.
Example of Wringing fit: gears of machine tools.
(1) Push fit:

The push fit is characterized by it is clearance. It is

used for parts, which must be dissembled for during operations of a
machine

Example of push fit: gear slip bushing.

Interference fit:
The interference type of fit the minimum allowable diameter of the shaft
is larger than the maximum permissible diameter of the hole as the
diameter of the shaft is larger than the diameter of hole. The hole and
shaft are intended to be attached permanently

(1) Force fit:

This type of fits is employed for mating parts. This are

not disassembled during their service life.

Example of force fit: Gears on the shafts of a concrete mixer, Forging

machine.
(2) Tight fit: This type of fits is providing less amount of interference
than force fits. Tight fits are employed for mating parts, which are
maybe replaced while overhauling the machine. Examples of Tight Fit
Stepped pulleys on the drive shaft of a conveyors, cylindrical grinding
machine.

(3) Heavy Force and shrink fit:

Heavy force and shrink fit type of fit there is negative allowances. For
assembling the parts here more force is required.

Errors

Random errors:
are statistical fluctuations (in either direction) in the
measured data due to the precision limitations of the measurement
device. Random errors usually result from the experimenter's inability to
take the same measurement in exactly the same way to get exact the
same number.
Systematic error:
an error having a non-zero mean, so that its effect
is not reduced when observations are averaged.
The main difference between systematic and random errors is
that random errors lead to fluctuations around the true value as a result
of difficulty taking measurements, whereas systematic errors lead to
predictable and consistent departures from the true value due to
problems with the calibration of your equipment.
Transmissibility:

Transmissibility is the ratio of output to input. It

states that the state of rest or motion of a rigid body is unaltered if a
force acting on the body is replaced by another force of the same
magnitude and direction but acting anywhere on the body in the line of
action of the replaced force.

Inspection:
Inspection in manufacturing is conducting inspection
during the production process. This approach of inspection helps to
control the quality of products by helping to fix the sources of defects
immediately after they are detected, and it is useful for any factory that
wants to improve productivity, reduce defect rates, and reduce re-work
and waste.
The term “inspection” generally refers to the activity of checking products

Pre-production inspection:
A factory usually cannot turn defective inputs (components, or raw
materials) into good products. And the problems are much harder to detect
once the materials are embedded in the final product.
Thus, to decrease quality risks, the inputs can be inspected prior to
production. Some samples can be taken randomly and checked visually
(or sent to a laboratory for tests). Also, the buyer should clearly define
what inputs are acceptable, before he gives any order.
Usually, production has already started when a pre-production inspection
takes place. It allows the inspector to examine the process, and sometimes
to check a few finished products.
Generally speaking, pre-production inspections are adapted to
customized and complex products.

In process inspection:
Typically, in an in-line inspection, the first products that got out of the
line are inspected for conformity. If issues are raised at this stage, the
factory can immediately take some corrective actions and avoid
delays. A third advantage of in-line inspections is that the buyer knows
where the goods are produced. In any case, in-process products are rarely
checked. It takes a technician to reliably detect errors on unfinished
products.

Final inspection :
This is the most popular type of QC inspection for importers. It takes
place once all the products are finished and ready for shipment.

Of the three inspections presented in this article, this is the only one
where the total quantity of products can be counted, and where
samples of finished products can be drawn in a truly random
manner–and thus be representative of the whole batch.