NAME: DEMBOSAAYE ZIEMAH

INDEX NO.: 9275217

DEPT: GEOMATIC ENG
5TH DECEMBER 2018
MATH 252

1. 𝑦 ′′ − 10𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦 = 5𝑡 𝑦(0) = −1 𝑦 ′ (0) = 2

Solution
£{y ′′ } − 10£{y ′ } + 9£{y} = £{5t}
5
(𝑠 2 − 10𝑠 + 9)𝑌(𝑠) + 𝑠 − 12 =
𝑠2
5
S²Y(s) -sy(0)- y’(0) -10(sY(s)-y(0))+9Y(s) =
𝑠2
Y(s) = 5 12−𝑠
+
𝑠2 (𝑠−9)(𝑠−1) (𝑠−9)(𝑠−1)
Y(s) = 5+12𝑠2 +𝑠3
𝑠2 (𝑠−9)(𝑠−1)
the partial fraction decomposition for this transform is
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
𝑌(𝑠) = + 2+ +
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠−9 𝑠−1

setting numerators equal gives,

5 + 12𝑠 2 + 𝑠 3
= 𝐴𝑠(𝑠 − 9)(𝑠 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 9)(𝑠 − 1) + 𝑐𝑠 2 (𝑠 − 1)
+ 𝐷𝑠 2 (𝑠 − 9)

solving the equation gives

5
s =0 5 = 9B →𝐵=
9
s =1 16 = −8D → 𝐷 = −2
 31
s =9 248 = 648C →𝐶=
81
4345 50
s =2 45 = −14A + →𝐴=
81 81
putting in the constants gives
50 5 31
−2
𝑌(𝑠) = 81 + 92 + 81 +
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠−9 𝑠−1
50 5 31 9𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = + 𝑡+ 𝑒 − 2𝑒 𝑡
81 9 81

2. 2𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 , 𝑦(0) = 0 𝑦 ′ (0) = −2

solution
1
2(𝑠 2 𝑌(𝑠) − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 ′ (0)) + 3(𝑠𝑌(𝑠) − 𝑦(0)) − 2𝑌(𝑠)=
(𝑠+2)2
1
(2𝑠 2 − 3𝑠 − 2)𝑌(𝑠) + 4 =
(𝑠+2)2
Y(s) = 1 4
(2𝑠−1)(𝑠+2) 3 + (2𝑠−1)(𝑠+2)
2
Y(s) = 1−4(𝑠+2)
(2𝑠−1)(𝑠+2)3
2
= −4𝑠 −16𝑠−15
(2𝑠−1)(𝑠+2)3

partial fraction decomposition

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
𝑌 (𝑠 ) = + + +
2𝑠 − 1 𝑠 + 2 (𝑠 + 2)2 𝑠 + 2)3
−4𝑠 2 − 16𝑠 − 15
= 𝐴(𝑠 + 2)3 + 𝐵(2𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 + 2)2 + 𝑐(2𝑠 − 1)
+ 𝐷(2𝑠 − 1)
 (𝐴 + 2𝐵)𝑠 3 + (6𝐴 + 7𝐵 + 2𝐶 )𝑠 2 + (12𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 3𝐶 + 2𝐷)𝑠 + 8𝐴
− 4𝐵 − 2𝐶 − 𝐷
𝑠 3 : 𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 0
𝑠 2 : 6𝐴 + 7𝐵 + 2𝐶 = −4
𝑠1 : 12𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 3𝐶 + 2𝐷 = −16
𝑠 0 : 8𝐴 − 4𝐵 − 2𝐶 − 𝐷 = −15

192 96
𝐴= 𝐵=
125 125
2 1
𝐶= 𝐷=−
25 5

1 −192 96 10 252!
2!
𝑌(𝑠) = ( + + −
125 2 (𝑠 − 1) 𝑠 + 2 (𝑠 + 2) 2 (𝑠 + 2)3
2

Taking the inverse transform

1 𝑡 25 2 −2𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = (−9𝑒 2 + 96𝑒 −2𝑡 − 10𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑡 𝑒 )
125 2
 3. 𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦 ′ + 15𝑦 = 2 sin(3𝑡) 𝑦(0) = −1 𝑦 ′ (0) = −4
solution

3
(𝑠 2 𝑌(𝑠) − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 ′ (0)) − 6(𝑠𝑌(𝑠) − 𝑦(0)) + 15𝑌(𝑠)=2
𝑠2 +9

6
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 15)𝑌(𝑠) + 𝑠 − 2 =
(𝑠2 +9)
−𝑠3 +2𝑠2 −9𝑠+24
𝑌(𝑠) = (𝑠2
+9)(𝑠2 −6𝑠+15)
𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵 𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷
𝑌(𝑠) = +
𝑠 2 + 9 𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 15
−𝑠 3 + 2𝑠 2 − 9𝑠 + 24 = (𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵)(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 15) + (𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷)(𝑠 2 + 9)
= (𝐴 + 𝐶 )𝑠 3 + (−6𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷)𝑠 2 + (15𝐴 − 6𝐵 + 9𝐶 )𝑠 + 15𝐵 + 9𝐷

𝑠 3 : 𝐴 + 𝑐 = −1
𝑠 2 : − 6𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷 = 2
𝑠1 : 15𝐴 − 6𝐵 + 9𝐶 = −9
𝑠 0 : 15𝐵 + 9𝐷 = 24

1 1
𝐴= 𝐵=
10 10
11 5
𝐶=− 𝐷=
10 2

1 𝑠+1 −11𝑠 + 25
𝑌(𝑠) = ( 2 + 2 )
10 𝑠 + 9 𝑠 − 6𝑠 + 15
 1 𝑠 + 1 −11(𝑠 − 3 + 3) + 25
= ( + )
10 𝑠 2 + 9 (𝑠 − 3)2 + 6

3
1 𝑠 1 11(𝑠 − 3 + 3) + 25
= ( 2 + 2 3 − )
10 𝑠 + 9 𝑠 + 9 (𝑠 − 3)2 + 6
The inverse transform is
𝑦(𝑡) =
1 1 8 3𝑡
(cos(3𝑡) + sin(3𝑡) − 11𝑒 3𝑡 cos(√6𝑡) − 𝑒 sin √6𝑡
10 3 √6

4. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ = cos(𝑡 − 3) + 4𝑡, 𝑦(3) = 0 𝑦 ′ (3) = 7

solution
let n = t – 3 t=n+3

substitute t for n
𝑦 ′′ (𝑛 + 3) + 4𝑦 ′ (𝑛 + 3) = cos(𝑛) + 4(𝑛 + 3)
let’s 𝑢 (𝑛) = 𝑦(𝑛 + 3)
by chain rule,
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
𝑢′ (𝑛) = = = 𝑦′(𝑛 + 3)
𝑑𝑛 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑛
𝑢′′ (𝑛) = 𝑦′′(𝑛 + 3)
the initial condition for u(n) is:
𝑢(0) = 𝑦(0 + 3) = 𝑦(3) = 0
 𝑢′ (0) = 𝑦 ′ (0 + 3) = 𝑦(3) = 7
the IVP under these new variables is then,

𝑢′′ + 4𝑢′ = cos(𝑛) + 4𝑛 + 12, 𝑢(0) = 0 𝑢′ (0) = 7

taking Laplace transform and plugging in the new initial conditions gives,
𝑠 4 12
𝑠 2 𝑈(𝑠) − 𝑠𝑢(0) − 𝑢′ (0) + 4(𝑠𝑈(𝑠) − 𝑢(0)) = + +
𝑠2 + 1 𝑠2 𝑠
𝑠 4 + 12𝑠
(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠)𝑈(𝑠) − 7 = 2 +
𝑠 +1 𝑠2

solving for U(s) gives,

2
𝑠 4 + 12𝑠 + 7𝑠 2
(𝑠 + 4𝑠)𝑈(𝑠) = 2 +
𝑠 +1 𝑠2
1 4 + 12𝑠 + 7𝑠 2
𝑈(𝑠) = +
(𝑠 + 4)(𝑠 2 + 1) 𝑠 3 (𝑠 + 4)
1
1 17 + 1 (−𝑠 + 4)
=
(𝑠 + 4)(𝑠 2 + 1) 𝑠 + 4 17 𝑠 2 + 1
11 17 17
4 + 12𝑠 + 7𝑠 2 1
3
= 3 + 42 + 16 − 16
𝑠 (𝑠 + 4) 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠+4
11 17 273
1 1 −𝑠 + 4
𝑈(𝑠) = 3 + 42 + 16 − 272 + ( )
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 + 4 17 𝑠 2 + 1
2! 11 17 273
1 16 272 1 −𝑠 4
( ) 2!
𝑈 𝑠 = 3 + 2 + 4 − + ( + )
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 + 4 17 𝑠 2 + 1 𝑠 2 + 1
Taking the inverse transform will give the solution to the new IVP
 1 2 11 17 273 −4𝑛 1
𝑢(𝑛) = 𝑛 + 𝑛+ − 𝑒 + (4 sin(𝑛) − cos(𝑛))
2 4 16 272 17
but,
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑦(𝑛 + 3) = 𝑢(𝑛) = 𝑢(𝑡 − 3)
the solution to the original IVP is,
1 11 17 273 −4(𝑡−3)
𝑦(𝑡) = (𝑡 − 3)2 + (𝑡 − 3) + − 𝑒
2 4 16 272
1
+ (4 sin(𝑡 − 3) − cos(𝑡 − 3))
17

1 2 1 17 273 −4(𝑡−3)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 − 𝑡+ − 𝑒
2 4 16 272
1
+ (4 sin(𝑡 − 3) − cos(𝑡 − 3))
17