CHAPTER I

GENERAL CONSIDERATION
1. The correct answer is letter A. It is a branch of medicine which
deals with the application of medical knowledge to the
purposes of law and in the administration of justice. Letter B is a
definition/scope of forensic medicine, while C is a definition/scope of
medical jurisprudence.
2. The correct answer is letter D. Paulus Zacchias. Julius Caesar
was autopsied by Antistius, the first police surgeon, while
Justinian is a writer who wrote in his digest that a physician is not an
ordinary witness, which paved the way for the recognition of expert
witness in court.
3. The correct answer is letter D. Medical Jurist. An ordinary
physician is not involved in medico-legal duties, only in patient-
physician relationship. A lawyer’s work primarily focuses on the laws
of the state, while a health officer’s work does not include medico-legal
duties.
4. The correct answer is letter D. Health officers and medical
officers of law enforcement agencies. The law provides an
exclusive list.
5. The correct answer is letter A. Knowledge of the all the laws of
the Philippines is more attributable to lawyers
6. The correct answer is letter D. Both A and B. Both A and B are
two of the distinctions between a physician and a medical
jurist.
7. The correct answer is letter D. All of the above
8. The correct answer is letter D. Imhotep. Julius Caesar was a
Roman ruler who was murdered and autopsied by Antistius.
Justinian is a writer, while Imhotep paved the way for the first recorded
report of a murder trial written on clay tablet.
9. The correct answer is letter A. Affecting chastity. B and C are
circumstances of civil law.
10. The correct answer is letter B. Taxation. All the others are
included in the list of special laws which have an application of
legal medicine.
11. The correct answer is letter D. Antistius. Antistius was the one
who autopsied Julius Caesar while it was exposed in the forum.
12. The correct answer is letter A. Instructions to Coroner. It is a
book published in China which is also entitled His Yuan Lu when
translated in Chinese.
13. The correct answer is letter C. Severin Pineau
14. The correct answer is letter C. Public Sanitation and medico-
legal aid in the administration of justice. A and B are not among
the functions of a medico titulares.
15. The correct answer is letter A. Manual De Medicina Domestica.
Traite Des Posion was written by Orfila while Questiones
Medico Legales was written by Antistius, the first police
surgeon.
16. The correct answer is letter D. Manila City. Also, Manila was
home to the schools which were the first to teach legal
medicine (UP Manila and University of Santo Tomas).
17. The correct answer is letter C. Both A and B. According to PD
856 Sec. 95, autopsy can be conducted whenever required by
specials laws or upon written request of police authorities.
These are just two of the intances where autopsy may be conducted.
18. The correct answer is letter B. They perform medico-legal
works, in the absence of registered physicians. Thereafter, the
Republic Act 1982 provided the creation of the rural heal unit.
19. The correct answer is letter A. An evidence given as a
testimony in court is a testimonial evidence.
20. The correct answer is letter D. When the means employed to
prove a fact is medical in nature. The rules of evidence shall be
the same in all courts on all trials and hearings.
21. The correct answer is letter B. Physical evidence. All the other
three are the enumerated/given limitations to the presentation
of autoptic evidence.
22. The correct answer is letter A. Dying declaration. According to
Sec. 31, Rule 130 of the Rules of Court, the declaration of a
dying person under the consciousness of his impending death
as regards circumstance regarding his impending death is
admissible.
23. The correct answer is letter C. Medical records. Medical records
is not part of the exclusive list of the forms of medical
documentary evidence.
24. The correct answer is letter B. Documentary evidence. Corpus
delicti, associative, and tracing evidence are all types of
physical evidence, except documentary evidence which is also
a major type of evidence but not under physical evidence.
25. The correct answer is letter D. Description. A documentary
evidence is an instrument on which is recorded by means of
letters, figures, etc. A testimonial evidence is one which is given in
court under oath, and a physical evidence is an article or material which
is found in connection with thee investigation.
26. The correct answer is letter C. Direct evidence. Circumstantial
evidence is a proof of fact from which the existence of a
 particular fact in dispute may be inferred. A documentary evidence
is one which is based on a document where there are recorded letters,
figures, etc.
27. The correct answer is letter C. True. The statement is true
because if he is an ordinary physician, he can only give a
patient-physician relationship information and can only be an
ordinary witness. In this case where he gives opinion on a set of
medical facts, he is called an expert witness.
28. The correct answer is letter D. Associative evidence. Corpus
delicti is an object or substance which may be a part of the body
of the crime. A tracing evidence is a physical evidence which may assist
the investigator in locating the suspect. While a real evidence is evidence
made know to the senses of the court.
29. The correct answer is letter Letter B speaks of another method
which is the preservation in the mind of the witness of the
evidence. While C is the Description method where the person or thing
preserved is put into words.
30. The correct answer is letter B. When there exists no
circumstance. All the other 3 aside from letter B are given as
the instances where circumstantial evidence is sufficient to
produce conviction.
 CHAPTER III
MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF IDENTIFICATION

1. D
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. A
22. D
23. D
24. A
25. D
26. A
27. D
28. A
29. D
30. A
 CHAPTER V
INVESTIGATION OF DEATH

1. The correct answer is letter D. Health Officers are persons

authorized to perform Autopsies and Dissections not death
investigations while, A, B, and C are government officials allowed to
authorized death investigations.
2. The correct answer is letter D. Crime Scene is the correct answer
which refers to the place where the essential ingredients took
place while, A which is also a place but not specific which the law defines.
Letters B and C refers to an area not a place.
3. The correct answer is letter B. Police is the correct answer which
is a person of authority but does not belong to the persons to
compose a search team enumerated by the law. While, letters A, C,
and D are persons enumerated by law to compose a search team.
4. The correct answer is letter D. Cellphone is the answer which is a
thing not needed in the collection of evidence, while letters A, B, and
C are the equipment which is essential in collecting evidence.
5. The correct answer is letter D. Wheel Method is the correct answer
where the searches gather at the center of a room and proceed
outwards along radii or spokes while, A is not one of those method
enumerated by law while, B is also a method where the area is blocked out
in the form of a rectangle and C is also a method where the whole area is
divided into subdivisions or quadrants and search is made in individual
quadrants.
6. The correct answer is letter A is the correct answer where the
things mentioned above are the things which are necessary in
searching of physical evidence while, B the necessary thing needed in
documentation of evidence is a camera while, C in preserving the evidence
collected the necessary thing is a container and D for collection of evidence
the thing needed is a magnifying glass and also a camera.
7. The correct answer is letter The correct answer is B, in the
examination of the dead body in a crime scene the physician
should make a special consideration of the condition of the apparel
worn by the victim while A, C, and D are not included to those
enumerated by the law.
8. The correct answer is letter A is the correct answer which refers
to the stages of medico-legal examination while B, refers to the
stages of post-mortem examination. While C and D are put just to complete
the choices.
9. The correct answer is letter D is the correct answer which refers
to an external examination of a body without incision being made
while A, refers to an investigation made to the body of the victim while C,
 is done to collect and preserve evidence that can be used in court while B,
refers to the rigidity of the body after death.
10. The correct answer is letter D is the correct answer which is not
one of those enumerated by the law while A, B, and C are the rules
enumerated in conducting an examination of a dead body.
11. The correct answer is letter C is the correct answer where negative
autopsy is the kind of autopsy wherein even after all efforts are
exerted and all techniques are done, no cause of death is found
while A and B, there’s no such thing as failed and careless autopsy while D
(negligent autopsy), is where no cause of death is found due to imprudence,
negligence, lack of skill, lack of foresight.
12. The correct answer is D is a kind of autopsy wherein no cause of
death is found as a result of lack of foresight, imprudence and lack
of skill while A, is one wherein even after all efforts are exerted and all
techniques are done, no cause of death is found. B and C, there’s no such
thing as careless and failed autopsy.
13. The correct answer is letter A, C, and D are all stages of post-
mortem examination while B, is not one of the stages in post-mortem
examination mentioned in legal medicine.
14. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer which is a type
of search method wherein the searchers will traverse first parallel
to the base of the crime scene and then parallel to the side while A,
C, and D are the other kind of methods.
15. The correct answer is letter: C is the correct answer which is a type
of search method wherein the whole area is divided into
subdivisions and quadrants and search is made in the individual
quadrants while A, B, and are the other kind of methods.
16. The correct answer is letter D is the correct answer Health officers
are authorized to perform autopsies and dissections while B and C,
are persons authorized to make death investigations. A is not one of those
enumerated in legal medicine.
17. The correct answer is letter D is the correct answer suicide is a
manner of death that requires an autopsy while A, B, C are death that
does not require an autopsy.
18. The correct answer is letter D is the correct answer which is a form
not part of preliminary examination while A, B, C are forms part of the
preliminary examination.
19. The correct answer is letter D is the correct answer, external
examination includes examination of the Body Surfaces and
Determination of the Position and Approximate Time of Death
while A, includes examination of the surroundings, clothing’s, identity of the
body and B, is not one of those mentioned in legal medicine.
20. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer, it is not one
of those mentioned in mistakes in conducting an autopsy while A,
C, and D are all mistakes in autopsies.
21. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer, it is not one
of those mentioned in mistakes in conducting an autopsy while A,
C, and D are all mistakes in autopsies.
22. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer, it is not one
of those mentioned in mistakes in conducting an autopsy while A,
C, and D are all mistakes in autopsies.
23. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer, it is not one
of those mentioned in mistakes in conducting an autopsy while A,
C, and D are all mistakes in autopsies.
24. The correct answer is letter A is the correct answer, strip method
is the kind of method wherein the area is blocked out in the form
of a rectangle while C, is a method where the searchers follow each other
in the path in the spiral manner beginning from the center towards the
outside or vice-versa. D is a method where the searchers gather at the
center and proceed along radii or spokes while B, is not one of those
methods.
25. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer, Hospital and
medico-legal official autopsy are the kinds of autopsies while A,
refers to the stages of post-mortem examination and C refers to the
methods of conducting a search team.
26. The correct answer is letter B is the correct answer, determining
the gender of the victim is not one of the purpose of autopsy
mentioned in legal medicine. While A and C, are the purpose of autopsy
mentioned in legal medicine.
27. The correct answer is letter A is the correct answer, inquest officer
is an official of the state charged with the duty of inquiring the
manner and cause of death of a person while B, refers to a prosecutor
and C refers to health officer who is charged of dissecting the body of the
victim.
28. The correct answer is letter C is the correct answer, physician is a
person who has previous knowledge of medico-legal investigation
while A and B, are persons who compose the search team.
29. The correct answer is letter C is the correct answer, assistant is a
person who will act as a note taker and evidence collector while A
and B, are persons who compose the search team.
30. The correct answer is letter C is the correct answer, photographer
is in charge of documenting the crime scene while A and B, are
persons who compose the search team. While D, is not part of the
investigating team.
 CHAPTER VIII
DISPOSAL OF THE DEAD BODY

1. The correct answer is letter B. Sec. 1103 did not provide that the
paramour or the concubine can be charged with duty of burial. In
fact, they are prohibited by law. A, C, and D are the persons charged
with duty of burial
2. The correct answer is letter A because embalming is the artificial
way of preserving the body after death by injecting 6 to 8 quarts
of antiseptic solutions of formalin, perchloride of mercury or
arsenic, which is carried into the common carotid and the femoral
arteries. Letter B refers to cremation, while C refers to Exhumation.
3. The correct answer is letter B because Exhumation is not one of
the methods of disposing of the dead body. Exhumation refers to the
removal of human remains from a grave or vault for the purpose of
examination.
4. The correct answer is letter C. The body must be buried within 48
hours after death except when the person died of a communicable
disease, the body must be buried within 12 hours. Here in the
Philippines, the body must be buried within 24 hours because of the climate
condition.
5. The correct answer is letter B. The bodies or remains of persons
who have died of a communicable disease may be exhumed only
after the lapse of 5 years from burial, while 3 years if the person
died of a non-dangerous communicable disease.
6. The correct answer is letter D because cremation is the
pulverization of the body into ashes by the application of heat.
Letter A refers to the act of burying something in the ground, while
letter B is the artificial way of preserving the body after death by injecting
antiseptic solutions of formalin, perchloride of mercury or arsenic. And letter
C refers to the removal of human remains from a grave or vault for the
purpose of examination.
7. The correct answer is letter A. The body must be buried within 48
hours after death except when the person died of a communicable
disease, the body must be buried within 12 hours. Here in the
Philippines, the body must be buried within 24 hours because of the climate
condition.
8. The correct answer is letter B. Because of the climate conditions
in the Philippines, the time limit provided for by law regarding
burial time should be reduced to 24 hours instead of 48 hours.
Decomposition of the body in tropical countries, like the Philippines, is
relatively rapid.
9. The correct answer is letter A. Death certificate is the necessary
requirement before burial because no dead body shall be buried
 without a death certificate, except in cases of emergency. Letters
B, C, and D are not necessary requirement for burial.
10. The correct answer is letter B because the law provides that the
depth of the grave must be at least 1 ½ meters.
11. The correct answer is letter B. Letters A, C, and D are those persons
who are permitted to detach body parts, except B because Nurse
is not authorized to detach human organs for medical, surgical and
other scientific use.
12. The correct answer is letter B. Barangay Captain is not one of
those authorized to sign the death certificate. While, letters A, C, and
D are the following who may sign the death certificate.
13. The correct answer is letter B because even though the person
died of a dangerous communicable disease his body can be
cremated. Letters A, C, and D are the instances when permission for
cremation is not granted.
14. The correct answer is letter A. Under art. 133 of Revised Penal
Code which provides the penalty of Arresto mayor in its maximum
period to prision correccional in its minimum period to any person
who, in a place devoted to religious worship or during the
celebration of any religious ceremony shall perform acts
notoriously offensive to the feeling of the faithful.
15. The correct answer is letter D. All mentioned above are the
exceptions that the body may be buried for more than 48 hours of
death.
16. The correct answer is letter B. If the persons died of a non-
dangerous communicable disease the remains may be disinter
after a burial of 3 years. It is 5 years when the person died of a
dangerous communicable disease.
17. The correct answer is letter D because Exhumation is the removal
of human remains from a grave or vault for the purpose of
examination. While, letters A, B, and C are the methods of
disposing of the dead body.
18. The correct answer is letter C because under Art. 309 of the Civil
Code provides that any person who shows disrespect to dead, or
wrongfully interferes with a funeral shall be liable for Damages,
material or moral.
19. The correct answer is letter A. Art. 132 of Revised penal code
provides that the penalty to any public officer or employee who
shall prevent or disturb the ceremonies or manifestations of any
religion is liable of Prision Correccional in its minimum period.
Letter B pertains to the crime committed with violence, or threat while,
letter C pertains to any person who shows disrespect to dead, or wrongfully
interferes with a funeral.
20. The correct answer is letter B. Death Certificate is not one of the
requirements required in exhumation. While the other choices are
requirements in exhumation.
21. The correct answer is A. No unembalmed body shall remain
unburied longer than 48 hours after death; and after the lapse of
such period the permit for burial, interment, or cremation of any
such body shall be void and a new permit must be obtained.
22. The correct answer is letter B. It must be in writing not in oral.
Letter A, C, and D are one of the requirements for a valid donation.
23. The correct answer is letter B. Disposing of the dead body in the
sea is one of the methods of disposal of the dead body wherein it
is thrown over board in an open sea provided that the deceased is
not suffering from dangerous communicable disease.
24. The correct answer is latter D. The law provides that any person
who wantonly or maliciously defaces, breaks, or destroys any
tomb, ornament, or gravestone erected to any deceased person,
or any momento or memorial, or any plant, tree or shrub
pertaining to places of burial of a dead body, or who shall wantonly
or maliciously remove any fence, post, or wall or any burial ground
or cemetery shall be punished by a fine of not more than two
hundred pesos or by imprisonment for not more than six months,
or both.
25. The correct answer is letter D. Under art. 305 of the civil code
provides who are those persons have the duty and right to make
arrangements for the funeral for the deceased.
26. The correct answer is letter B. Exhumation it is the deceased
buried may be raised or disinterred upon lawful order from fiscals,
court and any entity vested with authority to investigate.
27. The correct answer is letter D. Possession is the right of custody
over dead body. While, A, B, and C does not pertains to the right of
custody over dead body.
28. The correct answer is letter B. One of the methods in disposal of
the dead body is the use of the body for scientific purposes
wherein the medical schools and scientific institutions for studies
they used the dead bodies or remains for medical studies and
scientific research. Other choices does not pertains to the medical studies
and scientific research of the bodies of the deceased.
29. The correct answer is letter D. All mentioned above were the
exceptions that the dead body may be buried for more than 48
hours after death.
30. The correct answer is letter A. Sec. 2-A of R. A. no. 1056 provide
that it is illegal for any person who removed organs or portions of
the human body that died of a dangerous communicable disease
and the penalty is imprisonment of not less than six months nor
more than one year. Letters B and C were not mentioned in sec 2-A of
R. A. no. 1056.
 CHAPTER IX
MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL INJURIES

1. The correct answer is letter B. Physical injury is the effect of some

stimulus on the body.
A. Physical Violence is the use of physical force, especially physical force
utilized with malice and/or the attempt to harm someone.
B. Wound is the solution of the natural continuity of any tissue of the living
body. It is the disruption of the anatomic integrity of tissue in the body.
2. The correct answer is letter C. Letter A and B.
3. The correct answer is letter A. True
Wound is the solution of the natural continuity of any tissue of the living
body. It is the disruption of the anatomic integrity of tissue in the body.
4. The correct answer is letter B. False
Effect of physical violence may not always result to production of
wound but wound is always an effect of physical violence.
5. The correct answer is letter D. Letter a and C.
Wound is kinetic energy times time times area times ―other
factors or
WOUND= kinetic energy x time x area x other factors
6. The correct answer is letter B. False
Time: shorter period used for transfer of energy, greater likelihood
of producing damage.
7. The correct answer is letter B. False
Area of transfer: The larger the area of contract between the
forces applied on the body the lesser is the damage to the body.
8. The correct answer is letter A. True
Other factors: The less elastic and plastic the tissue, the greater
the likelihood that a laceration will result.
9. The correct answer is letter D. None of the above
Since Mortal Wound, Non-Mortal wound and contusion are among
the other classifications of wounds.
10. The correct answer is letter D. None of the above
Since Mortal Wound, Non-Mortal wound and contusion are among
the other classifications of wounds.
11. The correct answer is letter a. True
Mortal wound is capable of causing death immediately after
infliction or shortly thereafter.
12. The correct answer is letter D. All of the above
Parts of body where wound is inflicted considered mortal:
Heart and big blood vessel
Brain and upper portion of spinal cord
Lungs
Stomach, liver, spleen and intestine
13. The correct answer is letter B. False
Non - mortal wound - not capable of causing death immediately
14. The correct answer is letter: B. Blunt Instrument
Blunt instrument is a heavy object without a sharp edge or point,
used as a weapon which can cause contusion, hematoma, and
lacerated wound.
15. The correct answer is letter D. Incised Wound is caused by
sharp-edged instrument suitable for cutting or piercing.
a. change of atmospheric pressure (barotrauma)
b. chemical explosion (gunshot or shrapnel wound)
c. heat or cold (frostbite, burns or scald)
16. The correct answer is letter D. Lacerated wound is caused
by a tearing force instrument since it has the force necessary to
propagate a tear which may results to a severe wound, this force
is measured in units of gram-force.
a. change of atmospheric pressure (barotrauma)
b. chemical explosion (gunshot or shrapnel wound)
c. heat or cold (frostbite, burns or scald)
17. The correct answer is letter C. Chemical Explosion is a
compound or mixture which, upon the application of heat or
shock, decomposes or rearranges with extreme rapidity, yielding
much gas and heat.
a. blunt instrument (contusion, hematoma, lacerated wound)
b. sharp instrument: sharp-edged instrument (incised wound)
sharp-pointed (puncture wound) sharp - edged and sharp -
pointed (stab wound)
c. change of atmospheric pressure (barotrauma)
18. The correct answer is letter D. All of the above
Kind of instrument used that may cause a severe physical injury:

a. blunt instrument (contusion, hematoma, lacerated wound)

b. sharp instrument: sharp-edged instrument (incised wound)
sharp-pointed (puncture wound) sharp - edged and sharp -
pointed (stab wound)
c. tearing force (lacerated wound)
d. change of atmospheric pressure (barotrauma)
e. heat or cold (frostbite, burns or scald)
f. chemical explosion (gunshot or shrapnel wound)
19. The correct answer is letter D. All of the above
HIT is bring one's hand or a tool or weapon into contact with
(someone or something) quickly and forcefully by means of bolo,
blunt, or axe.
20. The correct answer is letter All of the above
Two types of wound as to its Depth:
 a. superficial - only layers of skin
b. deep - inner structure beyond layers of skin
c. Self-inflicted wound is a wound produced on oneself. As
distinguished from suicide, the person has no intention to end his
life.
21. The correct answer is letter A. Defense Wound
Since Patterned wound is a wound in the nature and shape of an
object or instrument and which infers the object or instrument
causing it.
Ex. Impact of the face on the radiator grill of a car may cause
imprint of the radiator grill on the face.
22. The correct answer is letter B. Patterned Wound
A. Self-Inflicted Wound - Self-inflicted wound is a wound produced
on oneself. As distinguished from suicide, the person has no
intention to end his life
C. Defense wound - result of person’s instinctive reaction of self -
protection; injuries suffered by a person to avoid or repel potential injury
from aggressor (injury on flexed forearms when about to be hit by blunt
object; incised or stab wound on palm when about to be stabbed by
another)
23. The correct answer is letter A. True
Mutilation is the act of looping or cutting off any part or parts of
the living body. In order to be punishable under the Code, it must
be intentional, otherwise it will be considered as a physical injury.
24. The correct answer is letter B. False
The kinds of Mutilation Punishable under Art. 262, Revised Penal
Code:

1. Intentionally depriving a person, totally or partially of some of

the essential organs for reproduction, and
2. Intentionally depriving a person of any part or parts of the
human body other than the organs for reproduction.
25. The correct answer is letter D. Nodding – lower and raise
one's head slightly and briefly, especially in greeting, assent, or
understanding, or to give someone a signal.

Some Ways of Self-Mutilation:

(1) Head banging or bumping - this is commonly observed in

overactive children and causes hematoma.
(2) Exposure of parts of the body to heat radiation from open fires,
radiators, or protective grills over radiator thermophilia.
(3) Penetrating nail or spike to the chest wall or insertion into the
urinary bladder in a female.
 (4) Castration by amputation of the penis.
(5) Trauma inflicted on the female genitalia to induce abortion or
promotes hemorrhage and creates an anemia.

(6) Subcutaneous injection of fecal matters to promote abscess

formation.
(7) Pricking of acne eruption to lead to a severe facial
disfigurement.
(8) Subcutaneous injection of air to create a condition of
emphysema.
(9) Nail-biting (onychophagia) which may lead to maceration of
the skin and an infection.
(10) Grinding of the teeth (bruxism) is frequently seen in the
mentally retarded and can lead to abnormal tooth wear, a bilateral
hypertrophy of the masseter and a pain on chewing.
(11) Pressure on the subcutaneous tissue by a tightly applied cord
or belt around the body:

(a) Tribal customs of metal band around the neck or a leg by some
African tribes may cause a permanent disfigurement.
(b) Use of shoes made of metal by Chinese women.

(12) Pulling of the body hair (Trichotillomania)

26. The correct answer is letter D. Suicidal, Homicidal or
Accidental
A, B, and C are some ways of self-mutilation.
27. The correct answer is letter D. Letters A, B & C.
Since A, B & C are among other evidences showing that the stab
wound is suicidal.
a. Suicidal – Evidences showing that the stab wound is suicidal:

Located over vital parts of the body

It is usually solitary. If multiple, located on one part of the body
If located on covered parts of the body, the clothing is not
involved
The stab wound is accessible to the hand of the victim
The hand of the victim is smeared with blood
The wounding weapon is firmly grasped by the hand of the victim
(cadaveric spasm)
If stabbing is accompanied with slashing movement, the wound
tailing abrasion is seen towards the hand inflicting the injury
A suicide note may be present
There is the presence of a motive for self-destruction
 No disturbance in the death scene, wounding instrument is found
near the victim
28. The correct answer is letter None of the above since the
above given circumstances are evidences showing that the
stabbing is suicidal.

Stabbing with homicidal intent is when:

1. Injuries other than stab wound may be present

2. Stab wound located in any part of the body
3. Usually more than one stab wound
4. There is a motive
- If without motive offender is insane or under the influence of
drugs
5. There is a disturbance in the crime scene
29. The correct answer is letter D. All of the Above
Medical evidences showing intent of the offender to kill the victim:

a. More than one stab wounds

b. Located on different parts of the body or on parts where vital
organs are located
c. Deep
d. Stab wound with serrated or zigzag borders
e. Irregular or stellate shape skin defects
30. The correct answer is letter B. No
On September 1973 upon the request of the Executive Director of
the Population Commission, the Secretary of Justice rendered an
opinion that vasectomy and tubal ligation are not mutilation and
a legitimate method of contraception despite the fact that it is
done intentionally and deprives a person of his power of
reproduction because tubal ligation and vasectomy "do not involve
looping or clipping off of the organs of reproduction of both
sexes". It is understood that these two methods of surgical
sterilization are affected by the closing of a pair of tubes in either
man or the woman so that the sperm and ovum cannot meet; it
does not involve the removal of reproductive glands or organs as
in the case of castration, with which it is sometimes confused.
 Chapter X
MEDICO-LEGAL INVESTIGATION OF WOUNDS

1. D is the correct answer, examination of the place where the

crime was committed is under the general investigation of the
surroundings while A, B and C, are examinations that are applicable
to the living and the dead victim.
2. D is the correct answer, determination whether the injury will
produce permanent deformity is an examination which is only
applicable to the living while A, B and C, are examinations that are
applicable to the dead victim.
3. A is the correct answer, it refers to the size, shape, nature of
the edges, extremities and the other characteristics marks while
B, refers to the region of the body where the wound is situated must be
stated and C, refers to the determination of the exact depth of the
wound must not be attempted in a living subject if in so doing it will
prejudice the health or life. While D refers to the area, surrounding the
wound must be examined.
4. B is the correct answer, it is the determination of the exact
depth of the wound must not be attempted in a living subject if
in so doing it will prejudice the health or life while A, character of
the wound it includes the size, shape, nature of the edges, extremities
and the other characteristics marks while C, is the region of the body
where the wound is situated must be stated. While D is the area
surrounding the wound must be examined.

5. B is the correct answer, it includes the region of the body where

the wound is situated must be stated while A, Character of the
Wound it includes the size, shape, nature of the edges, extremities and
the other characteristics marks while B, is the region of the body where
the wound is situated must be stated and C, it is the determination of
the exact depth of the wound must not be attempted in a living subject
if in so doing it will prejudice the health or life. While D is the area
surrounding the wound must be examined.
6. Answer: B is the correct answer, is the region of the body where
it is situated, distance of the wounds from some fixed point in
the body prominence while A, it is the type of wound, characteristics
marks, presence etc. and C, it is the determination of the exact depth
of the wound must not be attempted in a living subject if in so doing it
will prejudice the health or life. While D is the area surrounding the
wound must be examined.
7. Answer: B is the correct answer, it is the several wounds found
in different parts of the body are generally indicative of murder
or homicide while A, is an extensive injury that may show marked
degree of force applied and C, are homicidal wounds that may be
brought about by any wounding instrument. While D it is the material in
determining the relative position of the victim or offender.

8. B is the correct answer, direction is a material used in the

determination of the relative position of the victim and the
offender while A, one of the examinations that must be included in
examining wound and C, is the region of the body where it is situated,
distance of the wounds from some fixed point in the body prominence
while A, it is the type of wound, characteristics marks, presence etc.
While D it is the determination of the exact depth of the wound must
not be attempted in a living subject if in so doing it will prejudice the
health or life.
9. D is the correct answer, such as fibrin formation, growth of
epithelium, scab or scar formation conclusively show that
wound was inflicted during lifetime while B, a condition in which a
person bleeds too much and cannot stop the flow of blood and C,
wounds that are inflicted during life causes gaping of the wounds while
in case of wound inflicted after. While A adhesion of the edges and other
vital reactions may be present whenever the wound was inflicted during
lifetime.
10. B is the correct answer, clotted blood is a description of the
ante-mortem wound while A, C and D are description of the post-
mortem wound.
11. B is the correct answer, abrasion refers to the injury caused by
rubbing on a rough hard surface while A, refers to the injury that
usually does not break the skin and C, it is an injury produced by sharp-
edged-pointed instrument. While D, refers to the injury that is produced
by blunt instruments.
12. D is the correct answer, incised wounds are commonly
observed in suicide and homicide while A, contusion is rarely
observed in suicidal death and B is rarely observed.
13. D is the correct answer, contusion or abrasion may indicate
trauma due to fist, finger or feet of the assailant while A, multiple
wounds in concealed portions of the body are generally indicative of
homicide and B, this is important in the case of cut-throat. It is generally
transverse in case of homicide while it is oblique in case of suicide. While
C usually no change in its condition in suicide while it may be in
disorderly position due to struggle in homicide.
14. This important in the case of cutthroat. It is generally
transverse in case of suicide.
15. D is the correct answer, usually no change in its condition in
suicide while it may be in disorderly position due to struggle in
homicide while A, multiple wounds in concealed parts of the body are
indicative of homicide and B, this is important in the case of cut-throat.
It is generally transverse in case of homicide while it is oblique in case
of suicide. While C homicidal wounds may be brought about by any
wounding instrument. Suicidal wounds are frequent due to sharp
instruments. Accidental physical injuries may be of any kind.
16. B is the correct answer, hair and other substance on weapon is
under the extrinsic from the wounding weapon while A, C and D
are factors in determining the length of time of survival of the victim
after infliction of wound.
17. A is the correct answer, changes in the Body in Relation to the
Time of Death refers to the length of time in the survival of the
victim may be approximated from the systematic changes in
the body while A, age of the blood stain refers to the age of the blood
stain may be determined from the physical color changes of the skin,
although it is not reliable and C, A person contemplating to commit
suicide will not choose a blunt instrument. While D Degree of Healing
refers to the injured portion of the body undergoes certain chemical and
physical changes as a normal course of repair. The capillaries are dilated
and edema develops at once.
18. A is the correct answer, refers to the to the actual witness may
testify in court as to the exact time the wound was inflicted by
the offender While B refers to the age of the blood stain may be
determined from the physical color changes of the skin, although it is
not reliable and C, refers length of time in the survival of the victim may
be approximated from the systematic changes in the body. While D
refers to the injured portion of the body undergoes certain chemical and
physical changes as a normal course of repair.
19. B is the correct answer, refers to the injury that is produced by
blunt instrument while A, refers to the injury produced by sharp-
edged instrument inflicted by hitting and C refers to the diameter of the
wound of entrance may approximate the caliber of the wounding
firearm. While D refers to the injury produced by sharp-pointed
instrument.
20. B is the correct answer, refers to the injury produced by sharp-
pointed instrument while A, refers to the injury produced by blunt
instrument and C refers to the diameter of the wound of entrance may
approximate the caliber of the wounding firearm. While D refers to the
injury produced by sharp-edged instrument inflicted by hitting.
21. B is the correct answer, refers to the injury produced by sharp-
pointed instrument while A, refers to the injury produced by blunt
instrument and C refers to the diameter of the wound of entrance may
approximate the caliber of the wounding firearm.
While D refers to the injury produced by sharp-edged instrument
inflicted by hitting.
22. D is the correct answer, is under the evidences from the
wounding weapon while A, B and C are all under the locality of injury.
23. D is the correct answer, refers to the person who sees
something such as a crime that happened while A, refers to the
people or the department of people who enforce laws and B refers to
the person whose job is to guide and assist people in matters relating
to the law. While C refers to a medical doctor who is not a surgeon.
24. D is the correct answer, examination of the wounded body while
A, B and C are part of general investigation of the surroundings.
25. B is the correct answer, refers to the body surface is rubbed on
a rough hard surface while A, refers to the injury produced by blunt
instrument and C, refers to the injury produced by sharp-edged
instrument inflicted by hitting. While D refers to the injury produced by
blunt instrument.
26. B is the correct answer, Hair and Other Substance on Weapon
is under the extrinsic from the wounding weapon while A, C and
D are factors in determining the length of time of survival of the victim
after infliction of wound.
27. B is the correct answer, Hair and Other Substance on Weapon
is under the extrinsic from the wounding weapon while A, C and
D are factors in determining the length of time of survival of the victim
after infliction of wound.
28. D is the correct answer, Hemorrhage at the region of the vault
produces a discus shaped clot with compression of the brain
substance and this may cause neurologic disturbance while A, B
and C are factors in determining whether a wound is homicidal, suicidal,
or accidental.
29. B is the correct answer, refers to the Hair or fibers of cotton, silk,
linen and other fabrics may be found adhering on the weapon an
under the extrinsic evidences in wounds while A, C and D must be
included in the examinations of the wound.
30. D is the correct answer, refers to the determination of the relative
position of the victim and the assailant while A, refers to the injuries
inflicted on the covered portions of the body may also show injury on the
covered apparel and B refers to the condition of the surrounding objects, the
amount of hemorrhage, the presence of identifying articles belonging to the
victim or assailant, the wounding instrument, all these must be observed or
collected by the investigator. While C refers to the clothings of the assailant
may be stained with blood from the victim.
 CHAPTER XIII
GUNSHOT WOUND

1. The answer is letter C. The answer is not letter B this is because a gun is
only a weapon that has a metal tube where bullets are fired at a high
velocity into a flat ballistic arc. The answer is not letter A, because a
firecracker is usually a paper cylinder containing an explosive and a fuse and set
off to make a noise.
2. The answer is letter A, this is because the types of firearms which are of
Medico-Legal Interest are Revolver, Automatic Pistol, Rifle, and
Shotgun.
3. The answer is letter B. The answer is not letter A, because a rifle is only
firearm with a long barrel and butt. The answer is not letter C, because a
revolver is a firearm which has a cylindrical magazine situated at the rear of the
bare, capable of revolving motion and which can accommodate five/six cartridges;
each of which is housed in a separate chamber. The answer is not letter D, because
a shotgun is only a firearm whose projectile is a collection of lead pellets which
varies in sizes with the type of the cartridge applied.
4. The answer is letter D. This is because the principal parts of a cartridge
or ammunition are the cartridge case or shell, primer, powder or
propellant and bullet or projectile.
5. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because the
gunpowder or propellant is the primary propulsive force in a cartridge
which when exploded will cause the bullet to be driven forward towards
the gun muzzle. The answer is not letter B, because a bullet is only a metallic
object attached to the free end of the cylindrical tip of the cartridge case, propelled
by the expansive force of the propellant, and responsible in the production of
damages in the target. The answer is not letter C, because the main function of
the primer is the transformation of mechanical energy by the hit of the firing pin
on the percussion cap to chemical energy by its rapid combustion.
6. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because a shotgun is only a
firearm whose projectile is a collection of lead pellets which varies in sizes with the
type of the cartridge applied. The answer in not letter B, because an automatic
pistol is only a firing weapon in which the empty shell is ejected when the cartridge
is fired and a new cartridge is slipped into the breech automatically as a result of
the recoil. The answer in not letter C, because a revolver is only a firearm which
has a cylindrical magazine situated at the rear of the bare, capable of revolving
motion and which can accommodate five/six cartridges; each of which is housed
in a separate chamber.
7. The answer is letter C, because letters A, B, and D are only penal provisions
pertaining to firearms.
8. The answer is letter B this is because it is the primer that imparts ignition
to the gunpowder. The answer is not letter A considering that the hammer
merely pushes the firing pin. The answer is not letter C since the trigger merely
 releases the hammer, and the answer is not letter D, since the firing pin only hits
the primer.
9. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because the main
function of the primer is the transformation of mechanical energy by the
hit of the firing pin on the percussion cap to mechanical energy by its
rapid combustion. The answer is not letter B, because a cartridge case or shell
is a cylindrical structure with a base which houses the powder, the primer at the
base and with the bullet attached at the tip. The answer is not letter C, because
a bullet is only a metallic object attached to the free end of the cylindrical tip of
the cartridge case, propelled by the expansive force of the propellant, and
responsible in the production of damages in the target.
10. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because a cartridge
case or shell is a cylindrical structure with a base which houses the
powder, the primer at the base and with the bullet attached at the tip.
The answer is not letter B, because the main function of the primer is the
transformation of mechanical energy by the hit of the firing pin on the percussion
cap to mechanical energy by its rapid combustion. The answer is not letter C,
because a gunpowder or propellant is only a primary propulsive force in a cartridge
which when exploded will cause the bullet to be driven forward towards the gun
muzzle.
11. The Answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because in hydrostatic
force, the displaced fluid carries with it the kinetic energy which in turn
acts as a secondary projectile causing destruction of tissues not on the
path of the bullet. The answer is not letter B, because when we speak of shock
wave, it refers to the dissipation of kinetic energy in a radial direction perpendicular
to the path of the bullet when the velocity is more than the speed of sound. The
answer is not letter C, because laceration in the bullet trajectory, the pressure of
the speeding bullet merely produces severe pressure on the tisues and organs
causing laceration and mechanically creates a permanent cavity.
12. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because a muzzle blast
in contact fire only refers to the explosive effect which will cause
extensive laceration of soft tissues and fructure of bones. The answer is
not letter C, because fragmentation of hard brittle object in trajectory only speaks
of the bone involvement along the trajectory which may cause comminuted
fracture and each bone fragment may cause additional damage on the sorrounding
tissues and even in the wound of exit. The answer is not letter B, because
temporary activity only refers to the instantaneous radial displacement of the soft
tissues during the passage of the bullet due to the liberation of the kinetic energy.
13. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because an automatic pistol is
a firing weapon in which the empty shell is ejected when the cartridge is fired and
a new cartridge is slipped into the breech automatically as a result of the recoil.
The answer in not letter B, because a rifle is only a firearm with a long barrel and
butt.The answer is not letter C, because a revolver is only a firearm which has a
cylindrical magazine situated at the rear of the bare, capable of revolving motion
 and which can accommodate five/six cartridges; each of which is housed in a
separate chamber.
14. The answer is letter C.
15. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because laceration in the
bullet trajectory, the pressure of the speeding bullet merely produces severe
pressure on the tisues and organs causing laceration and mechanically creates a
permanent cavity. The answer is not letter B, because in hydrostatic force, the
displaced fluid carries with it the kinetic energy which in turn acts as a secondary
projectile causing destruction of tissues not on the path of the bullet. The answer
is not letter C, because a muzzle blast in contact fire only refers to the explosive
effect which will cause extensive laceration of soft tissues and fructure of bones.
16. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter A, because an automatic pistol
is a firing weapon in which the empty shell is ejected when the cartridge is fired
and a new cartridge is slipped into the breech automatically as a result of the
recoil. The answer is not letter B, because a rifle is only firearm with a long barrel
and butt. The answer is not letter C, because a shot gun is a firearm whose
projectile is a collection of lead pellets which varies in sizes with the type of the
cartridge applied.
17. The answer is letter A, because the other choices are characteristics of exit
wounds.
18. The answer is letter A, because the other choices are characteristics of entrance
wounds.
19. The answer is letter D.
20. The answer is letter D. The answer is not letter B, because said problem refers
to emambling. The answer is not letter C, bacause said problem refers to alteration
of the lesion due to natural resources. The answer is not letter A, considering that
it doesn’t refer to the medical and surgical intervention.
21. The answer is letter B, this is because the remaining choices are pieces
of evidence that tend to show that the gunshot(s) wound is Suicidal.
22. The answer is letter B, this is because the other choices are pieces of
evidence that tend to show that the gunshot(s) wound is Homicidal.
23. The answer is letter B, this is because the other choices are pieces of
evidence that tend to show that the gunshot(s) wound is Accidental.
24. The answer is letter B, this is because the length of survival of the victim
may be inferred from the nature of the gunshot wound, amount of blood
loss, and physical condition of the victim.
25. The answer is letter C. The answer is not letter A, because a rifle is only firearm
with a long barrel and butt. The answer is not letter B, because an automatic pistol
is only a firing weapon in which the empty shell is ejected when the cartridge is
fired and a new cartridge is slipped into the breech automatically as a result of
the recoil. The answer is not letter D, because a revolver is only a firearm which
has a cylindrical magazine situated at the rear of the bare, capable of revolving
motion and which can accommodate five/six cartridges; each of which is housed
in a separate chamber.
26. X-ray examinations are useful in facilitating the location and extraction
of the bullet lodged.
27. The answer is letter C. The answer is not letter A, because Pathology is known
as the science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of
medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for
diagnostic or forensic purposes. The answer is not letter B, because Forensic
refers to the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation
of crime.
28. The answer is letter C, this is because the other choices are all casino
games which are considered to have a formidable potential for gains.
29. The answer is letter C, on the ground that the only factors are letters A
and B.
30. The answer is letter C this is because such mark is only found in the
bullet not in the shell.
 CHAPTER XVI
DEATH OR PHYSICAL INJURIES DUE TO CHANGE OF ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE (BAROTRAUMA)

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. D
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. A
18. D
19. D
20. D
21. D
22. D
23. D
24. A
25. D
26. D
27. C
28. A
29. A
30. D
 CHAPTER XVII
DEATH BY ASPHYXIA

1. C is the correct answer, asphyxia refers to the general term applied to

all forms of violent death which results primarily from the interference
with the process of respiration or the condition in which the supply of
oxygen to the blood or to the tissues or both has been reduced below
normal level while A, refers to a condition of anoxic death and D, refers to a
panic of respiration depth and the respiration cycle curve.
2. D is the correct answer, anoxic death is a type of asphyxial death which
is associated with the failure of the arterial blood to become normally
saturated with oxygen while A, refers to the failure of circulation due to shock
and B, refers to the failure of the circulation of the cellular oxidatives. While C, is
due to a decreased capacity of the blood to carry oxygen.
3. A is the correct answer, anoxic death results to the closure of the
external respiratory orifice, like in the smothering and overlaying while
B, C, and D are conditions due to Anemic anoxic death.
4. B is the correct answer, Histotoxic death is due to the failure of the
cellular oxidative process while B, is the failure of the arterial blood to become
normally saturated with oxygen and C refers to a decreased capacity of the blood
to carry oxygen.
5. A is the correct answer, cyanide and alcohol are the common agents
responsible for the histotoxic anoxic death while B, is a condition due to
stagnant anoxic death and C is a condition due to anemic anoxic death.
6. A is the correct answer, anoxic death refers to a decreased capacity of
the blood to carry oxygen while B, is the failure of circulation due to heart
failure and C is due to the failure of the circulation of the cellular oxidatives. D is
the failure of the arterial blood to become normally saturated with oxygen.
7. D is the correct answer, hanging is not a special form of strangulation
but one of the classifications of asphyxia while A, B, and C are special forms
of strangulation.
8. C is the correct answer, Apneic is a phase of asphyxial death which is
due to the paralysis of the respiratory center of the brain while A, is a
symptom due to lack of oxygen and retention of carbon dioxide in the body tissue
and B refers to the simulation of the central nervous system by carbon dioxide. D
is a type of asphyxial death.
9. C is the correct answer, tardieu spots is caused by the hemorrhage
produced by the rupture of the capillaries on account of the increase of
intra-capillary pressure while A, is a temporary cessation of breathing and B
is caused by the blood vessels to suddenly tighten.
10. A is the correct answer, suffocation is due to smothering or closing of
the mouth and nostrils by solid objects while B, is a form of asphyxia wherein
the nostrils and mouth has been submerged in any watery, viscid or pultaceous
fluid for a time to prevent the free entrance of air into the air passage and lungs
 and C is an accidental and suicidal death by carbon monoxide such as poisoning
while D, is produced by compression of the neck by means of a ligature which is
tightened by a force other than the weight of the body.
11. C is the correct answer, throttling is a form of asphyxial death whereby
the constricting force applied in the neck is the hand while A, is an
examination made before death of the victim while B, is a form of asphyxial death
caused by the closing of the external respiratory orifices and D is a form of
asphyxia wherein the nostrils and mouth has been submerged in any watery, viscid
or pultaceous fluid for a time to prevent the free entrance of air into the air passage
and lungs.
12. C is the correct answer, gagging is the application of materials, usually
handkerchief, linen or other clothing matters to prevent air to have access
through mouth or nostrils and it is usually used by robbers while A, B, and D are
types of suffocation.
13. D is the correct answer, lynching is not classified as asphyxia, it is rather
a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group while A, B, and C are all
classified as asphyxia.
14. D is the correct answer, all those mentioned above are post-mortem
findings in by hanging while, the question refers to the mechanism of death by
strangulation.
15. A is the correct answer, 1-1/2 mins is the average time required for
death in drowning but a person may survive even after 4 minutes of
submersion. The average time required for death in drowning is 2 to 5
minutes.
16. C is the correct answer, convulsive is due to simulation of the central
nervous system by carbon dioxide. The cyanosis becomes staring and pupils
are dilated while A, is due to the paralysis of the respiratory center of the brain.
The breathing shallow and gasping and the rate becomes slower till death and B
is due to lack of oxygen and retention of carbon dioxide in the body tissue.
Breathing becomes rapid and deep, pulse rate increase and rise of blood pressure.
While D, is the general term applied to all forms of violent death which results
primarily from the interference with the process of respiration or the condition in
which the supply of oxygen to the blood or to the tissues or both has been reduced
below normal level.
17. A is the correct answer, hanging is a form of violent death brought about
by the suspension of the body by a ligature which encircles the neck and
the constricting force is the weight of the body while B, is the state of dying
from being deprived of air and C is the process of experiencing respiratory
impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid while D, is usually a handheld
ligature.
18. B is the correct answer, aquosum is not a type of qualitative tests for
carbon monoxide in the blood, it is rather a state where the victim is
unconscious at the time of drowning while A, C, and D are all types of
qualitative tests for carbon monoxide in the blood.
19. A is the correct answer, hydrogen cyanide is one of the most toxic and
rapid acting gases while B, C, and D are types of war gases.
20. A is the correct answer, marks of tight neckwear is a post-mortem
finding in death by ligature in hanging while B and C, are both findings in
ante-mortem examination.
21. D is the correct answer, rope is the most common material used as
ligature in hanging while A, B, and C are also materials used as ligature in
hanging but not as common as the rope.
22. A is the correct answer, anemic anoxic death is a condition which may
be due to severe hemorrhage, poisoning or low hemoglobin level in the
blood while B, is due to poisoning, injury or anesthesia and C is due to heart
failure and shock. D is due to the failure of the circulation of the cellular oxidatives
process.
23. C is the correct answer, stagnant anoxic death is brought about by the
failure of circulation while A, is due to a decreased capacity of the blood to
carry oxygen and B is associated with the failure of the arterial blood to become
normally saturated with oxygen. D is due to the failure of the circulation of the
cellular oxidatives process.
24. All of those mentioned above are common agents responsible for
histotoxic anoxic death.
25. B is the correct answer, pupil dilation is where the eyes becomes more
pronounced and the pupils are dilated while A, is when there is a bluish
discoloration to your hands or feet, usually caused by low oxygen levels in the red
blood cells and C is an abnormal pattern of breathing or agonal respiration.
26. All of those mentioned above are the symptoms of ligature in hanging.
27. D is the correct answer, dyspneic is a phase of asphyxial death causes
lack of oxygen and the retention of carbon dioxide in the body tissue
while A, B, and C are all conditions of stagnant anoxic death.
28. A is the correct answer, carbon monoxide is an accidental and suicidal
death usually by poisoning while B, is a colorless or transparent gas usually
found in large quantities in a sewer, septic tanks, drainage pipes, and deep wells
and C is one of the most toxic and rapid acting gases found in leaves of cherry-
laurel, in bitter almond, in kernels of common cherry, plum, peaches, in ordinary
bamboo shoots, and in certain oil seeds and beans.
29. D is the correct answer, anemic anoxic death is due to a decreased
capacity of the blood to carry oxygen while A, is the state of dying from being
deprived of air and B refers to all forms of violent death which results primarily
from the interference with the process of respiration or the condition in which the
supply of oxygen to the blood or to the tissues or both has been reduced below
normal level while C, is a condition due to anemic anoxic death.
30. D is the correct answer, all of those mentioned above are reasons of
anoxic death.
 Chapter XIX

Chapter XX
CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECTED CHILD
1. The correct answer is letter D because article 46 of the child and youth
welfare code also kown as P.D. 603 paragraph 8 “To provide him with
adequate support, as defined in Article 290 of the Civil Code” is one of
the duties of parents while choices A refers to the meaning of child abuse in
R.A. 7610. And choices B and C are referring to one of the many aspects of child
abuse.
2. The correct answer is letter B because physical neglect is the failure to
provide the child with the necessities of life while choices A involves the use
of instrument or fist blow. On the other hand choices C and D are classification of
child abuser.
3. The correct answer is letter C because Skin imprints from forcefully
striking objects such as hand, cord, or chain is a medical evidence
tending to show injuries due to abuse while A referring to forcefull act of
lasisviousness or may be the act of rape. And B perhaps is just a symptom of skin
allergy. And diffinitely D because both A and B are not correct.
4. The correct answer is letter D because instead of abusive child it should
be abusive parent to make it part of the causes of child abuse or neglect
while both A, B, and C are all causes of child abuse or neglect.
5. The correct answer is letter C because intermittent child abuse pertains
to Parent who periodically batter a child with periods while choices A
pertains to Parent who manhandle their children for a time and never repeat the
act. Choices B pertains to the acts of parent to attempts at rearing their children
result in a permanent injury or death or their children, and they are “truly sorry”
when the child dies. While the last choice pertains to parent who actually hates his
or her child and callously and deliberately beats and miscares for it.
6. The correct answer is letter D refers to the Parent who actually hates his
or her child and callously and deliberately beats and miscares for it. while
choices A pertains to Parent who manhandle their children for a time and never
repeat the act. The second choice B pertains to A parents who periodically batter
a child with periods or proper care between battering. While the third choice C
pertains to the acts of parent to attempts at rearing their children result in a
permanent injury or death or their children, and they are “truly sorry” when the
child dies.
7. The correct answer is letter A because one-time child abuse Parent who
manhandle their children for a time and never repeat the act. In choices
B it pertains to A parents who periodically batter a child with periods or proper
care between battering. While the third choice C pertains to the acts of parent to
attempts at rearing their children result in a permanent injury or death or their
children, and they are “truly sorry” when the child dies. While the last choice
 pertains to parent who actually hates his or her child and callously and deliberately
beats and miscares for it.
8. The correct answer is letter C because it pertains to the acts of parent to
attempts at rearing their children result in a permanent injury or death
or their children, and they are “truly sorry” when the child dies. The first
choice A pertains to a one-time child abuse Parent who manhandle their children
for a time and never repeat the act. In choices B it pertains to a parents who
periodically batter a child with periods or proper care between battering. While the
last choice D pertains to parent who actually hates his or her child and callously
and deliberately beats and miscares for it.
9. The correct answer is letter A because the first choice refers to a
scientifically defined pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms
found in women living in battering relationships as a result of cumulative
abuse. While the second choice refers to the causes of child abuse or neglect.
The third choice refers to a food. And the last choice refers physical and mental
injury or maltreatment of a child by a person who is responsible for the child's
welfare .
10. The correct answer is letter D because Article 320 explicitly provide
that “The father, or in his absence the mother, is the legal administrator
of the property pertaining to the child under parental authority………”
while on the other choices are not.
11. The correct answer is letter D because it refers to the exact definition of
one of the causes of child abuse or neglect in which it is When
resentment builds between them, the child commonly becomes the
target of man's hostility. The first choice A pertains to a one-time child abuse
Parent who manhandle their children for a time and never repeat the act. In
choices B it pertains to a parents who periodically batter a child with periods or
proper care between battering. While the third choice C pertains to the acts of
parent to attempts at rearing their children result in a permanent injury or death
or their children, and they are “truly sorry” when the child dies.
12. The correct answer is letter A because according R.A. 9262 section 3
paragraph b battery refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the
woman or her child resulting to the physical and psychological or
emotional distress. While the second, third, and last choice are not.
13. The correct answer is letter A because instead of The child is not
emotional, fearful and with a vague history of injury it should the child
is emotional, fearful and with a vague history of injury. To make it one of
the facts to be considered to suspect that a child is a victim of a child abuse while
the other choices refers to.
14. The correct answer is letter D because ARTICLE 316. The father and the
mother have, with respect to their unemancipated children:
 (1) The duty to support them, to have them in their company, educate
and instruct them in keeping with their means, and to represent them in
all actions which may redound to their benefit;
(2) The power to correct them and to punish them moderately.
While the other choices are not.
15. The correct answer is letter B because Art. 45 of the child and youth
welfare code states that “Right to Discipline Child. - Parents have the
right to discipline the child as may be necessary for the formation of his
good character, and may therefore require from him obedience to just
and reasonable rules, suggestions and admonitions.” While the other
choices are not.
16. The correct answer is letter C the third choice refers to the exact
definition of a battered grannies which means that Elderly persons may
be extremely demanding, seeking more attention from the caring
descendant or with child-like behavior which may be irritating and which
may cause infliction of physical injuries. In the first choice A it refers to
a scientifically defined pattern of psychological and behavioral
symptoms found in women living in battering relationships as a result of
cumulative abuse. While the second choice refers to the causes of child abuse
or neglect. And the last choice refers physical and mental injury or maltreatment
of a child by a person who is responsible for the child's welfare.
17. The correct answer is letter A because physical abuse and physical
neglect are the Act or Omission Affecting the Child's Health or Welfare
while the second choice refers to Causes of Child Abuse or Neglect and the third
and last choice refers to the Classification of Child Abuser.
18. The correct answer is letter A because in 4 classification of a child abuser
two-time child abuser was not included while the second, third, and the last
choice refers to the classification of child abuser.
19. The correct answer is letter C because Art. 166, Child and Youth Welfare
Code (P.D. 603) states that All hospitals, clinics and other institutions as
well as private physicians providing treatment shall, within forty-eight
hours from knowledge of the case, report in writing to the city or
provincial fiscal or to the Local Council for the Protection of Children or
to the nearest unit of the Department of Social Welfare, any case of a
maltreated or abused child, or exploitation of an employed child contrary
to the provisions of labor laws. While the first, second, and third choice are
not.
20. The correct answer is letter D because ARTICLE 316 paragraph 1 state
that “The father and the mother have, with respect to their
unemancipated children:
(1) The duty to support them, to have them in their company, educate
and instruct them in keeping with their means, and to represent them in
all actions which may redound to their benefit;
 ……….” While the first. Second, and third choice are referring to the duties of
parents mentioned in Article 45 of P.D. 603.
21. The correct answer is letter A because the first choice to the exact
definition of a battered grannies which means that Elderly persons may
be extremely demanding, seeking more attention from the caring
descendant or with child-like behavior which may be irritating and which
may cause infliction of physical injuries.. In the second choice it refers
to battery mentioned in R.A 9262. In the third choice it pertains to
unwanted child, abusive parent, child as a center of triangle, and child
may be hindrance to socio-economic activities of parents. While the last
choice pertains to child abuse.
22. The correct answer is letter B because In the second choice it refers to
battered woman syndrome mentioned in R.A 9262. In the first choice to
the exact definition of a battered grannies which means that Elderly
persons may be extremely demanding, seeking more attention from the
caring descendant or with child-like behavior which may be irritating
and which may cause infliction of physical injuries.. In the third choice
it pertains to unwanted child, abusive parent, child as a center of
triangle, and child may be hindrance to socio-economic activities of
parents. While the last choice pertains to child abuse.
23. The correct answer is letter C because the third choice refers to the exact
definition of child abuse physical and mental injury or maltreatment of
a child by a person who is responsible for the child's welfare . In the first
choice refers to the exact definition of a battered grannies which means
that Elderly persons may be extremely demanding, seeking more
attention from the caring descendant or with child-like behavior which
may be irritating and which may cause infliction of physical injuries. In
the second choice it refers to a scientifically defined pattern of
psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living in
battering relationships as a result of cumulative abuse. While the last
choice refers to the causes of child abuse or neglect.
24. The correct answer is letter A because physical neglect means The
failure to provide the child with the necessity of life. While both the second
and third choice refers to the exact definition of child abuse. And the last choice
pertains to physical abuse.
25. The correct answer is letter D because the last choice pertains to
physical abuse which means that the law allows chastisement for
discipline when it involves the use of instrument or fist blow. In the first
choice refers to physical neglect While both the second and third choice refers to
the exact definition of child abuse.
26. The correct answer is letter A because it pertains to the exact definition
of child as a center of a triangle. While the second choice pertains to the
meaning of a battered wife. And third choice pertains to the exact definition of a
battered grannies. And the last choice pertains to the meaning of physical neglect.
27. The correct answer is letter A because as mentioned in R.A. 9262 it
Refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman or her child
resulting to the physical and psychological or emotional distress. (R.A.
9262 section 3 paragraph b). While the second choice refers to a battery
as a device that produces electrons through electrochemical reactions,
and contains positive (+) and negative (-) terminals as used in many
devices. In the third choice it pertains to unwanted child, abusive parent,
child as a center of triangle, and child may be hindrance to socio-
economic activities of parents. While the last choice pertains to battered
woman syndrome mentioned in R.A. 9262.
28. The correct answer is letter B because physical Abuse means that the
law allows chastisement for discipline but it may be physical abuse when
it involves the use of instrument or fist blow. The first choice pertains to the
failure to provide the child with the necessities of life. And both choices C and D
pertains to the causes of child abuse or neglect.
29. The correct answer is letter A it pertains to Ignorant abuser. Second
choice refers to One-time child abuser. Third choice pertains to Intermittent child
abuser. And the last choice pertains to Constant child abuser.
30. The correct answer is letter D refers to parent that had the intention to
hurt the child and be indifferent to the child's sufferings. While choices
A pertains to Parent who manhandle their children for a time and never
repeat the act. The second choice B pertains to A parents who
periodically batter a child with periods or proper care between battering.
While the third choice C pertains to the acts of parent to attempts at rearing their
children result in a permanent injury or death or their children, and they are “truly
sorry” when the child dies.
 CHAPTER XXI
MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF SEX CRIMES

1. The correct answer is letter A. Virginity is a condition of a female who

has not experienced sexual intercourse and whose genital organs have
not been altered by carnal connection while the other choices refers to
the different kinds of virginity.
2. The correct answer is letter A. Moral Virginity is the state of not knowing
the nature of sexual life and not having experienced sexual relation
while Physical Virginity is a condition where a woman is conscious of the
nature of the sexual life but has not experienced sexual intercourse and
Virgo Intacta refers to a truly virgin woman. Virginity, on the other hand,
is a condition of a female who has not experienced sexual intercourse
and whose genital organs have not been altered by carnal connection.
3. The correct answer is letter B. Physical Virginity is the condition where
a woman is conscious of the nature of the sexual life but has not
experienced sexual intercourse. Moral Virginity, on the other hand is the
state of not knowing the nature of sexual life and not having
experienced sexual relation while Virgo Intacta refers to a truly virgin
woman. Virginity, on the other hand, is a condition of a female who has
not experienced sexual intercourse and whose genital organs have not
been altered by carnal connection.
4. The correct answer is letter D. Demi Virginity refers to a condition
wherein a female permits any form of sexual liberties as long as hymen
is not ruptured by sexual act. Defloration, on the other hand, is the
laceration or rupture of the hymen as a result of sexual intercourse and
Physical Virginity is a condition where a woman is conscious of the
nature of the sexual life but has not experienced sexual intercourse
while Moral Virginity is the state of not knowing the nature of sexual life
and not having experienced sexual relation.
5. The correct answer is letter D. A woman is a virtuous female if her body
is pure and she has never had sexual intercourse with another, though
her mind and body is impure. The other choices are just false
statements.
6. The correct answer is letter B. Defloration is the laceration or rupture of
the hymen as a result of sexual intercourse while others refers to
different kinds of virginity.
7. The correct answer is B. Semen because it is not examined to determine
defloration. Condition of the vulva, Vaginal canal, and Fourchette are the
parts of the female genitalia that must be examined to determine
defloration.
8. The correct answer is B. Vulva because it is not a part of the female body
to be considered in the determination of the condition of virginity while
breast, labia majora, and labia minora, and vaginal canal are parts of the
 female body to be considered in the determination of the condition of
virginity.
9. The correct answer is D. Bacteria in the lacerated hymen. In the medical
examination of lacerated hymens, the location, degree, and duration of
laceration are the facts that must be looked into.
10. The correct answer is letter D. Cunnililingus. The other choices refers
to other crimes against chastity.
11. The correct answer is D. Spermatozoon as it is a living organism,
normally present in the seminal fluid consisting of a head, neck and tail,
from 50-55 microns in length. The head is ovoid and flattened when
viewed in front and pear shape when viewed on the profile. The other
choices refers to parts of the female genitalia that must be examined to
determine defloration.
12. The correct answer is A. Simple Seduction. It is the seduction of a
woman who is single or a widow of good reputation, over twelve, but
under eighteen years of age, committed by means of deceit. The other
choices refers to different crimes against chastity.
13. The correct answer is A. Overt Homosexual. This refers to persons who
are conscious of their homosexual cravings, and who make no attempts
to disguise their intention. The other choices refers to sexual
abnormality as to Mode of Sexual Expression or Way of Sexual
Satisfaction.
14. The correct answer is D. Acts of Lasciviousness. This refers to acts which
tend to excite lust; conduct which is wanton, lewd, voluptuous or lewd
emotion. The choices A,B, and C refers to other crimes against chastity.
15. The correct answer is D. Force. It is an element in rape, but need not be
irresistible as long as it brings the desired result. The other choices are
not essential elements in rape.
16. The correct answer is letter D. Gross Examination, Micro-Chemical
Examination, Microscopic Examination and Biological Examination.
These are the complete procedures which are the means or procedures
that may be used in the examination of seminal fluid and spermatozoa.
17. The correct answer is D. Seduction. It is the act of the man enticing
women to have unlawful intercourse with him by means of persuasion,
solicitation, promises, bribes, or other means without employment of
force. Choices A, B, and C are sexual abnormalities as to the Choice of
Sexual Partner.
18. The correct answer is B. Examination of the morality. The morality of a
person raped is not considered as a medical evidence in rape.
19. The correct answer is A. Semen. It is the viscid, albuminous fluid with
faint grayish yellow color, having the characteristic fishy odor, and
containing spermatozoa, epithelial cells, lecithin bodies and other
substances. The other choices refers to parts of the female body to be
considered in the determination of the condition of virginity.
20. The correct answer is D. Incestuous Qualified Seduction. This type of
qualified seduction wherein there is blood relationship between the
seducer and the seduced, from the term, ‘incest’.
21. The correct answer is A. Abduction. It is the carrying away of a woman
by an abductor with lewd design. The other choices refers to other
crimes against chastity.
22. The correct answer is C. Lewd Design. This refers to the intent of the
abductor to have sexual intercourse with the woman abducted while
abduction, seduction, and adultery are crimes against chastity.
23. The correct answer is B. Prision Correccional. The law provides that the
abduction of a virgin over twelve years and under eighteen years of age,
carried out with her consent and with lewd designs, shall be punished
by the penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium
periods.
24. The correct answer is D. Prision Correccional. The law provides that
Adultery is committed by any married woman who shall have sexual
intercourse with a man not her husband and by the man who has carnal
knowledge of her knowing her to be married, even if the marriage be
subsequently declared void. Adultery shall be punished by prision
correccional in its medium and maximum periods.
25. The correct answer is D. Heterosexual is a sexual desire towards same
sex. This is because heterosexual is a sexual desire towards opposite sex
and not of the same sex while the other choices are true.
26. The correct answer is C. Heterosexual. It is a sexual desire towards
opposite sex. Homosexual on the other hand refers to a sexual desire
towards same sex while Infantosexual is a sexual desire towards an
immature person and Bestosexual is a sexual desire towards animals.
27. The correct answer is C. Homosexual. It is a sexual desire towards same
sex.
Heterosexual on the other hand refers to a sexual desire towards
opposite sex while Infantosexual is a sexual desire towards an immature
person and Bestosexual is a sexual desire towards animals.
28. The correct answer is A. Infantosexual. It is the sexual desire towards
an immature person. Heterosexual on the other hand refers to a sexual
desire towards opposite sex while Homosexual refers to a sexual desire
towards same sex and Bestosexual is a sexual desire towards animals.
29. The correct answer is A. Bestosexual. It is a sexual desire towards
animals. Heterosexual on the other hand refers to a sexual desire
towards opposite sex while Homosexual refers to a sexual desire
towards same sex and Infantosexual is the sexual desire towards an
immature person.
30. The correct answer is A. Necrophilia. It is the sexual perversion
characterized by erotic desire or actual sexual intercourse with a corpse.
The other choices refers to sexual abnormalities as to mode of sexual
expression or way of sexual satisfaction.
 CHAPTER XXIIII
ABORTION

1. D is the correct answer, abortion is the expulsion of the contents of

a gravid uterus any time before full term while others consider it as
the forcible expulsion of the product of conception any time before
the age of viability while A and B, are the principal elements of abortion and
C is the definition of missed abortion.
2. B is the correct answer, viability is at the point at which the fetus is
potentially able to live outside of the mother’s womb, albeit with
respiratory aid while A, refers to abortion and C refers to complete abortion.
3. A is the correct answer, I and IV are the principal elements of
abortion while II and III refers to the causes of abortion.
4. C is the correct answer, missed abortion is an ovum destroyed by
hemorrhage into the choriospace usually before the 4th month of the
pregnancy while A, refers to complete abortion and B is one of the causes of
abortion. D refers to inevitable abortion.
5. D is the correct answer, incomplete abortion is where not all products
of conception had been expelled from the uterus; fragments or
portions of which is retained while A, defines viability and B is one of the
principal elements of abortion while C, refers to threatened abortion.
6. A is the correct answer, inevitable abortion is where hemorrhage with
dilatation of the internal os and the presence of rhythmical pain while
B, refers to complete abortion and C refers to criminal abortion while D, refers
to therapeutic abortion.
7. C is the correct answer, all of those mentioned above are the different
types of abortion.
8. B is the correct answer, threatened abortion is the hemorrhage
without dilation of the internals while A, refers to the cause of abortion
while C, defines missed abortion and D refers to complete abortion.
9. A is the correct answer, II and III are the causes of abortion while B,
are kinds of induced abortion.
10. D is the correct answer, the expulsion of the product of conception
is one of the principal elements of abortion while letters A, B, and C are
the elements of induced abortion.
11. A is the correct answer, the parents of the woman, or either of them
for the purpose of concealing her dishonor and with the consent of
the woman herself may induced her abortion while B, C, and D are
reasons why women procure abortion.
12. C is the correct answer, violence applied on such pregnant woman is
an element of unintentional abortion while letters A, B, and D are
elements of intentional abortion.
13. A is the correct answer, spontaneous abortion occurs without any
form of inducement or intervention while B, refers to post-mortem
abortion and C defines criminal abortion while D, refers to therapeutic abortion.
14. D is the correct answer, all of those mentioned above are reasons why
some people procure abortion.
15. B is the correct answer, shock refers complication of abortion while A,
C, and D are referring on how abortion is induced or procured.
16. A is the correct answer, general violence includes intentional
violence, exerting strong physical efforts and other forms of
strenuous and exhaustive exercises while B, refers to local violence
and B defines induced abortion.
17. C is the correct answer, vaginal inhibition refers to sudden dilatation
of the cervix due to the introduction of some objects may cause
sudden collapse due to reflex inhibition of the vagus nerve while A,
refers to infection and B refers to poisoning while D, defines hemorrhage and
anemia.
18. B is the correct answer, sterility is the plugging of the fallopian tubes,
infection of the ovaries may cause sterility while A, is one of the
complications of abortion.
19. A is the correct answer, pelvic adhesion is the infection and trauma
may cause the uterus or vagina to become adherent to the
surrounding organs or tissues while B, defines fistula formation while C
and D, refers to embolism.
20. A is the correct answer, living and dead are the medical evidences of
abortion while B, are process how abortion is induced or procured.
21. D is the answer, all those mentioned above are grounds of
therapeutic abortion.
22. D is the answer, Therapeutic abortion is an abortion which the law
allows under some justifications. The choices mentioned above are
grounds of therapeutic abortion.
23. The correct answer is 2. It is the life of the mother and the child.
24. The correct answer is B. Sex of the baby. Sex of the child is not a
ground of a therapeutic abortion.
25. The correct answer is A, The lawful abortion must be performed by a
licensed physician or surgeon and not by police, soldier or teacher.
26. The correct statement is, Abortion performed in a private clinic
wherein there are no sufficient facilities to cope with emergency
which may arise in the course of the operation may be a ground for
malpractice.
27. The correct answer is D. All of the above. All those mentioned are
elements of an intentional abortion.
28. The correct answer is B. That the offender has the intention to abort
the pregnant woman because it is an element of intentional abortion.
29. The correct answer is D. The woman aborted as a result of the
violence because it is an element of an unintentional abortion.
30. The correct answer is letter D. That the effect of such violence, drug,
or acts of the offender, the fetus dies or is expelled because it is an
element of intentional abortion.
 CHAPTER XXVII
PATERNITY AND FILIATION
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. A
23. D
24. A
25. A
26. B
27. A
28. D
29. A
30. B
 CHAPTER XXX1
MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF DISTURBANCE OF MENTALITY

1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. C
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. A
22. B
23. A
24.
25. B
26. A
27. D
28. B
29. D
30. B
 CHAPTER XXXII
DRUG DEPENDENCE
1. The correct answer is letter A. Dangerous drug is a drug whose use is
attended by risk and therefore unsafe, perilous and hazardous to people and
or to the society.
2. The correct answer is letter A. Secondary drug fatalities are those arising
from medical complication of drug abuse, such as viral hepatitis and bacterial
endocartis.
3. The correct answer is letter D. Opium – is a drug obtained from the milky
exudate of the incised unripe seed capsules of the poppy plant, Papaver
Somaiferum. The milky juice is dried in the air and forms a brownish gummy
mass which contains 25% opium by weight.
4. The correct answer is letter D. Natural Tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion
makes the power effect long lasting and there is more hang-over than when
smoked. There is a strong possibility that certain toxic constituents of natural
cannabis resin which entered the body when eaten are destroyed by heat
combustion.
5. The correct answer is letter C. A characteristic of drug addiction is the
psychological and physical dependence on the effects of the drug.
6. The correct answer is letter D. Adaptive abuser are those who take
amphetamine to bolster their functioning within conventional, interpersonal
and social activities.
7. The correct answer is letter D. Methaqualone is a sedative drug in a smaller
dose and a hypnotic in bigger dose. The effect is similar to barbiturates and
action is within 30 minutes after administration; the effect is for 6 to 10 hours.
It has no analgesic effect, but can potentiate the analgesic effect of other drugs
like codeine. The hypnotic dose is 150 – 500 mg and the fatal dose is probably
5 grams.
8. The correct answer is letter D. 50% of Amphetamine is destroyed in the
liver by dissemination and the rest in the kidneys at a slower rate.
9. The correct answer is letter C. Acute toxic psychosis is a temporary
malfunction or less in reality, this is self-limited and usually no drug is
necessary. The patient must only be protected from injury for the duration of
his disorientation.
10. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless, usually
in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the alkaloids or ergot
(Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye and other grains in Europe
and America and diethylamide portion of ergotamine ergonevine, the active
oxytocic and vasoconstrictor drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange
and potent central effect.
11. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless, usually
in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the alkaloids or ergot
(Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye and other grains in Europe
 and America and diethylamide portion of ergotamine ergonevine, the active
oxytocic and vasoconstrictor drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange
and potent central effect.
12. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless, usually
in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the alkaloids or ergot
(Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye and other grains in Europe
and America and diethylamide portion of ergotamine ergonevine, the active
oxytocic and vasoconstrictor drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange
and potent central effect.
13. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless, usually
in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the alkaloids or ergot
(Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye and other grains in Europe
and America and diethylamide portion of ergotamine ergonevine, the active
oxytocic and vasoconstrictor drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange
and potent central effect.
14. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless, usually
in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the alkaloids or ergot
(Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye and other grains in Europe
and America and diethylamide portion of ergotamine ergonevine, the active
oxytocic and vasoconstrictor drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange
and potent central effect.
15. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless, usually
in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the alkaloids or ergot
(Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye and other grains in Europe
and America and diethylamide portion of ergotamine ergonevine, the active
oxytocic and vasoconstrictor drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange
and potent central effect.
16. The correct answer is letter D. LSD is colorless, tasteless odorless,
usually in liquid form and taken orally. It was synthesis from the
alkaloids or ergot (Claviceps purpurea), a fungus that parasitizes rye
and other grains in Europe and America and diethylamide portion of
ergotamine ergonevine, the active oxytocic and vasoconstrictor
drugs. The synthesis was found to have strange and potent central
effect.
17. The correct answer is letter A. Drug-associated fatalities are those
caused by homicidal, accidental and suicidal violence stemming
directly or indirectly from activities related to the obtaining and use
of illicit drugs.
18. The correct answer is letter D. Deliriants or drugs which cause
delirium, intoxication and other mental and psychic disturbances
when the toxic vapors and fumes are inhaled are not covered by the
Dangerous Drug Act of 1972.
19. The correct answer is letter D. To increase one’s height is NOT a
reason why some persons abuse the use of Amphetamines.
20. The correct answer is letter A. Drug habituation is the desire to have
continuous use of the drug but with the capacity to refrain physically
from using it.
21. The correct answer is letter D. Excellent performance in examinations
is not a consequence of the continuous use of opium.
22. The correct answer is letter D. Cocaine is an alkaloid from the leaves
of the coca shrub cultivated extensively in Bolivia and Peru. The
leaves are harvested from the plant not less than 10 months old. The
matured leaves are plucked, dried and packed in bales.
23. The correct answer is letter A. RA 6425 or the Dangerous Drug Act of
1972 repealed Art. 190 – 194 of the Revised Penal Code on crimes
relative to opium and other prohibitive drugs.
24. The correct answer is letter A. LSD may be medically used in the
treatment of alcoholism and opium addiction and is the drug of choice
to induce tranquility and reduces the need for analgesic in cases of
terminal cancer.
25. The correct answer is letter D. Execution of suspected drug pushers
is not a way of controlling and combating the drug problem.