Vehicle Electrical & Instrumentation System

MEC 4627

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I, 2014/2015 SESSION
KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING

Programme : Mechanical-Automotive Engineering Level

of Study : UG4

Time : 9.00 am -12.00 noon

Date : 4 Jan 2015

Duration : 3 hrs

Section : 1

Course Code : MEC 4627

Course title : Vehicle Electronics and Instrumentation System

INSTRUCTION(S) TO CANDIDATES

DO NOT OPEN UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

• This question paper has SIX (6) printed pages (including cover page)

with FIVE (5) Questions.

• Total marks : 100.

• This examination is worth of 45% of the total assessment.

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MEC 4627

• This question paper has PART A and PART B

• Answer ALL questions from PART A

• Answer THREE (3) questions from PART B

Any form of cheating or attempt to cheat is a serious offence which

may lead to dismissal.
PART A

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Q1. [40 marks]

(a) Define engine management system. Explain how oxygen sensor works

to control the actuator of engine fuel injection system.

(5 marks)

(b) Design a battery power pack for an electrical toy car by using Li-ion

battery cells of cell nominal voltage 3.75V and capacity 43 Ah. The

car is equipped with 12 V DC motor and the motor is powered by 500

Wh Li-ion battery.

(5marks)

(c) Explain how transformer (ignition coil) spikes 40,000V by using 12V of

battery.

(5 marks)

(d) Describe how DC motor works to crank IC engine.

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MEC 4627

(5 marks)

(e) Define electromagnetism. Explain how voltage induces into the copper

coil if it is placed in electromagnetic field.

(5 marks)

(f) With an open loop circuit explain the relationship of sensor, controller,

transduction unit and actuator to operate the engine cooling system.

(5 marks)

(g) An electrical vehicle of weight 7848N equipped with gearbox: first gear

ratio, GR 1 = 2 and second gear ratio, GR 2 = 1. Find the maximum

gradability of the vehicle for each of the gear ratios by considering the
Vt Ra
ω (Tout ) m, battery terminal voltage, V t =
(kϕ ) (GRkd wϕ )2= 0.356
vehicle wheelGR
out = −
diameter,

50 V, motor armature resistance, Ra= 0.7 ohm, kϕ = 1.3.

Given,

(10 marks)

PART B

ANSWER ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS FROM FOUR (4)

Q2. [20 marks]

(a) Define rectification and third harmony.

(2 marks)

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MEC 4627

(b) Explain how a generator (or alternator) as shown in Figure Q2(b)

produces electricity to meet the power demand of the vehicle.

(8 marks)

Figure Q2(b)

(c) An Integrated Design Project’s student team of IIUM has been asked to

develop a hybrid engine for a car weight of 10 kN and wheel radius of

0.30 m. A star wound alternator of phase voltage 8 is considered as a

generator for their hybrid engine. They reported that the generator has

supplied 2/3 of the rated output current to the DC motor to propel the

car at 35 km/h. If the rated output current of the alternator is 45 amp

@5000 rpm and the loss of the generator due to the electromagnetic

flux leaking is 30% of the input power and DC motor efficiency is 90%,

determine the

(i) input torque of the alternator

(5 marks)
(ii) traction torque of the car

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MEC 4627

(5 marks)

Q3. [20 marks]

(a) Figure Q3(a) shows a typical Wheatstone bridge circuit. Find the

Wheatstone bridge circuit sensitivity:

(i) If four same resistance active gages, with one gauge place in

each arm of the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge circuit.

(4 marks)

(ii) If three active gages are placed in series in arm R 1 of a fixed

voltage Wheatstone bridge and strain experienced by all gages

is the same while the others have same resistance.

(4 marks)
(iii) Compare the circuit sensitivity of (ii) with that obtained from (i).
(2 marks)

Figure Q3(a)
(b) A potentiometer circuit as shown in Figure Q3(b), has a gage having

an area of approximately 19 mm2, a resistance of 1000 Ω and a ga

factor of 2.00 and resistance ratio of 9.

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MEC 4627

Figure Q3(b)

If the allowable power density is 0.78 mW/mm2 for the gage,

determine the circuit sensitivity, output voltage, ballast resistor of the

circuit

(10 marks)
Q4. [20 marks]

(a) Define starting and ignition system.

(2 marks)

(b) Explain the principle of operation of a typical magnetic pulse ignition

system as shown in Figure Q4(b) which helps to ignite the A/F mixture

in the engine combustion chamber.

(8 marks)

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MEC 4627

Figure Q4(b)

(c) A four cylinder 2 litre engine requires 480 Nm to overcome static friction

and 160 Nm to maintain the minimum cranking speed of 100 rev/min. If

a starter of maximum stalled torque of 48 Nm and a driving torque of 16

Nm and the efficiency of 60% is selected for starting the engine,

determine the

(i) starter pinion-to-ring gear ratio.

(5 marks)
(ii) battery power that needs to supply to the starter motor to crank the
engine.
(5 marks)

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MEC 4627

Q.5 [20 Marks]

(a) Define fuel cell and battery.

(2 marks)

(b) Explain how fuel cell produces electricity for the operation of EVs

electrical motor with chemical reaction.

(6 marks)

(c) The current drawn by an electric motor of a fuel cell for a SAE

Schedule D J227A driving cycle is

9.5𝑡𝑡 + 1.5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0 < 𝑡𝑡 < 28

𝐼𝐼 = � �
55𝐴𝐴 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 28 < 𝑡𝑡 < 78
If the fuel (hydrogen) flow rate for PEM fuel cell used in the vehicle is

405𝐼𝐼
𝑄𝑄 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠,

Calculate the,

(i) amount of hydrogen needed for one cycle of Schedule D

(8 marks)

(iii) amount of hydrogen needed for a car if it travels 220 km

(4 marks)