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UNIVE RSITAS INDONESIA

ENGLISH

M ID-TERM TEST

Name: Student Number:

I. READING AND VOCABU LARY (SO points)

A. Read each paragraph. Then circle or write the correct answer. (12 points)

Paragraph l

Most people know the name of Cesar Chavez, the deservedly famous founder of the United Farm
Workers (UFW)t union. N ot so many people, however, know the name of Dolores Huerta ( 1930- ), the
woman who helped Chavez start the United Farm Workers union Yet Huerta was a key figure in the
UFW's early achievements, and both she and her role in the union are worthy of more recognition than
they have so far received. Huerta' s father had been a migrant worker, a unio n activist, and, ultimatel y a
member of the New Mexico state legislature, so it's not surprising that his daughter would be drawn to
union activity and political activism. By the time she had reached her twenties, Huerta was working with
the Agricultural Worker' s Organizing Committee, which is what brought her together with Chavez.
Highly effective as an organizer, Huerta was Chavez' s second-in-command, and she played a crucial role
in the 1968-1969 grape boycott, which brought the once arrogant grape farm owners to their knees,
establishing the UFW as a force to be reckoned with. Throughout the 1970s, Huerta was involved in the
political arm of the UFW and played a critical role lobbying for farm worker legislative protections. She
remained active in the cause of migrant workers throughout the 1980s and 1990s, despite being criticall y
injured by police during a 1988 political demonstration.

1. What is the topic of the paragraph?

a. Dolores Huerta' s relationship to her father
b. Dolores Huerta' s relationship to Cesar Chavez
c. Dolores Huerta' s role in the UFW
d. Dolores Huerta' s lead in demonstration

3. Which of the following is NOT what the paragraph suggests? <2 point•)
a. When it came to political activism, Dolores Huerta clearly followed m the footsteps of her
extraordinary father.
b. Dolores Huerta continued her fight for social justice despite being badly hurt in a demonstration.
c. The contributions Dolores Huerta made to the cause of migrant workers and the founding of the UFW
deserve to be remembered.
d. Although Dolores Huerta made significant contributions to the founding of the UFW, the media
concentrated on Chavez as opposed to Huena., making it seem as if Chavez founded the union all by
himself.
Paragraph 2

( l) According to the attachment theory of love, adults are characterized, in their romantic relationships
by one of ~hree sty!es. (?) Secure lovers are happy when others feel close to them. (3) Mutual
dependency m a relat1onsh1p ( each partner _depends on the other) feels right to them. ( 4) Secure lovers do
not fea_r abandonment. (5) In contrast, avo1dant lovers are uncomfortable feeling close to another p .
or having that person feel close to them. (6) It is difficult for avoidant lovers to trust or depend erson
0
partner. (7) The third type, anxious-ambivalent lovers, want desperately to get close to a partner b t ; a
O
find that the partner does not reciprocate the feeling, perhaps because anxious-ambivalent loverus e_n
away others. (8) scat e
the h h ~ = --;--;~ - -- =---:--=--- - - -- - - - (9) Research on the attachment
~ry s ow~ t at about 53 percent of adults are secure, 26 percent are avoidant and 20 t .
anx1ous-amb1valent. , percen a1 e
 ... What is the topic of the paragraph?'2 polni. l

- ---- --· -·..--- -- ---- -- -------- ----------

5. Write a sentence that best suits sentence number 8 in the paragraphn .,.... 1

- - - - --------- - ----------- --·

Paragraph 3

Corporate crime is defined as a criminal act committed by one or more employees of a corporation w h1lt:
being attributed to the organization itself. Between 1984 and 1990, 2.000 corporations were convicted in
federal courts for offenses ranging from tax-law violations to environmental crimes One problem with
the term corporate crime is definitional. In 1989, the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince
William Sound, Alaska, spilling 11 million gallons of crude oil. The spill was a major ecological
disaster. Prosecutors were interested in determining the guilt or innocence of the captain, his officers.
and his crew. But there were additional and far-reaching questions Did the Exxon Corporation sacrifice
the environment by putting profit above safety? If so, was this a corporate crime?

6. What is the topic of the paragraph?(2 pomcsi

7. Which TWO of the following methods does the author use to help define the key term? <2 ""1n1•>
A. The author gives an example of behavior or events that fit the definition.
B. The author supplies a history of the word' s development.
C. Th author describes a problem associated with applying the definition.
D . The author compares the word defined to a word similar in meaning.

8. What does the word "prosecutor" mean in the paragraph? ______________

8. Read each passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (23 points)

Passage I

The cultural expectations imposed on men and women to behave in ways deemed appropriate for their
gender are called gender roles. Fixed, conventional views of " masculine" and "feminine" behavior are
called gender-role stereotypes. In our culture, the stereotypical female is perceived as nurturing, gentle,
dependent, warm, emotional, kind, helpful, patient, and submissive. The stereotypical male. personified
by the ruggedly masculine characters in countless movies, is tough, self-reliant, and independent but also
dominant and protective.
Yet gender roles and stereotypes are not fixed and constant. For example, in the past women were
mostly assigned to domestic works as mothers and housewives. Today, most women work outside the
home, and many are pursuing careers in traditionally male domains like law, medicine, and engineering
Some command naval vessels or pilot military helicopters. And in the legal profession, women now
constitute 29 percent of lawyers as compared to only 15 percent in 1983 (" A Growing Gender Gap,"
2000). Nevertheless, many traditional gender roles remain much as they were several generations ago .
Women currently constitute 93 percent of registered nurses (only a slight decrease from 96 percent in
1983) and 84 percent of flight attendants (an increase from 74 percent in 1983 ). Household and child-
care responsibilities still fall more heavily on women, even on those who work in full -time jobs outside
the home.

9. What is the main idea of the text? 12 poinoi

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10. What are t he esamples of gendt-r-role stereotypes according to the te:r.t?< po1n,.,
1

11. What does the author infer about gendt'r nnd workplact in th e t cond paragraph? <1 pul nh)

Passage 2

Since 1967, the manatee, a gentle marine mammal that li ves in Florida waters. has been on the federal
government's endangered species list Yet between 1974 and 2002. biologists still counted as manv as
4,673 manatee deaths. During that time, predictions that the manatee would oon become extinct
prompted animal advocates, li ke members of the Save the Manatee Club and the Sierra Club. to insist on
greater protections. Beginning in 1978, the Florida legislature responded by passing laws establtshinµ
areas where boating is banned or restricted, lowering boat speed limits in area · populated by manatee,;,
and limiting permits for waterfront development. While these laws 5Cem to have helped the manatecc;.
they have also created confl ict between environmentalists and Florida residents who feel that their
lifestyles and livelihoods have been adverse(v affected
Laws designed to protect manatees seem to have reduced the number of deaths. Manatees sw1 m
from the ocean into wanner rivers during the winter months; therefore, many of them are injured or
killed in collisions with boats. Limiting boaters' speeds and prohibiting them from entering areas where
manatees tend to congregate have lowered the mortality rate. In I 972, the first aerial population survey
indicated that there might be only 600 to 800 manatees; several censuses in the 1990s, though, indicated
that their numbers were somewhere between 1,500 and 2,500. In January 2001 , a survey conducted by
the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWCC) counted 3,300 manatees, far more than
expected. In 2004, the FWCC counted 2,505 manatees and in 2006, 3,111 were counted.
These statistics have served as ammunition for those who advocate removing the manatee from
the endangered species list and re-evaluating manatee protections. Thus in 2006, the State Wildlife
Commission voted to downgrade manatees from endangered to threatened. Many Floridians oppose the
current restrictions because of the personal and economic effects they have had on the state' s human
residents. Not only do the laws restrict boaters and those who fish, but they also prevent property owners
and developers from using their lands as they see fit. Thus, all these groups have argued against manatee
protection measures, seeing them as a hindrance to personal freedom.

12. What is the main idea of the entire reading? (2 points)

13. Which pattern organizes the details in paragraph 1?

A. definition
B. sequence of dates and events
C comparison and contrast
D. cause and effect

14. What does the word '•adversely" mean in paragraph? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

15. Which patterns organize the details in paragraph 2? (please select 2 answers - 2 points)
A. definition
B sequence of dates and events
C comparison and contrast
D cause and effect

16. (n paragraph 3, the author exptcts readers to draw which inference from sentence I? (2 points)
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A. Advocates of removing the manatee from the enda ngered species list don't consider the latist1c.
accurate
8 Advocates of removing the manatee fro m the endangered species list argue that the statistics prove the
manatees are no longer in danger of extinction
C. Advocates of removing the manatee from the endangered species list believe tho'>e statist ics fa, or the
cause of the manatees' protectors
D Advocates of removing the manatee from the endangered species list argue that the statistics provide
evidence that the manatees should be protected

Passage 3

In January 2004, The Teaching Commission. a blue-ribbon panel of nmeteen leaders 111 government.
business, philanthropy, and education that was chaired by former IBM chairman l.ouis V Gerstner Jr ,
released its report on improving education in America' s schools. Among the commission' s conclusions
was the controversial recommendation that each teacher' s pay be determined by student performance
Although immediately opposed by many teachers and teachers' organizations, this suggestion should be
implemented in our schools. The recommendation makes sense for a number of reasons For one,
compensating teachers based on classroom results would replace an archa,c, eighty-year-old system that
pays a good teacher the same as a poor one. Currently, teachers ' salaries are based onl y on years of
experience, so an ineffective teacher who has taught for twenty years earns far more than a newer but far
more effective one. According to The Teaching Commission, this system "does nothing to reward
excellence." In other words, it would be fairer to the hardest-working teachers to reward them \\l ith
bigger pay-checks.
Opponents of performance-based pay argue that such a plan ignores the many factors affecting
student performance, such as poverty or family background that are outside teacher control The
commission, however, has recommended that teacher evaluations be designed to take such factors into
account. What' s more, commission members argue that many other professions use performance-based
pay plans. Gerstner said, "Lawyers do it, engineers do it, business people do it. All professional people
ultimately come up with methodology to judge the difference between great performance and mediocre
performance. Just because it's hard doesn't mean we can't do it."
In fact, The Teaching Commission believes that tying teachers ' salaries to performance will help
raise their overall professional status. Unfortunately, teaching is often viewed as a second-rate
occupation. The commission believes, though, that if teachers were compensated like professionals in
other fields and were less limited by antiquated, experience-based pay scales, the highest-performing
teachers would garner more respect for their efforts. Plus, bright and more talented individuals might be
attracted to the profession.
The end result would be an increase in student achievement. Incentives could make teachers'
work more difficult, but they would be rewarded for achieving better results. They would be more
inclined to do whatever it takes to help their students learn; therefore, students stand to benefit the most
2
17. What is the main idea of the passage? l poinL•J

18. Identify the four reasons used to support the main idea of the passage.<-4 points)
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( I polno l
19. Define the meaning or following words from t t,e passage:
1mpleme,ited:
archaic: _ __ _ _ _ ___ _____ _ ___ ___ _ _
ulmnate/y: __ __ _____ _

C. Complete the paragraph with the correct word from the box (15 POINTS )

resilient manufacturing al low reduced stabilize

conventional went do wn continued landowne~s realiability
fluctuate abundant pledged growing knocked
consumption degraded

With more than 22,000 employees in Texas. America's wind energy industry feels the pain inflicted by
Hurricane Harvey. Wind companies have 1. _ __ _ __ __ _ $1 million to Habitat for Humanity to
help Texas communities recover from the disaster. But wind energy is helping Texas recover in other
ways as well . Our industry has invested more than $38 billion in Texas wind projects. which pay 2

- - - - - - -- more than $60 million annually in lease payments. For many farming and ranching
families, that additional income allows them to stay on their land. Texas has also become a world leader
in 3. _ __ __ __ _ the energy technologies of the 21st century, with 40 factories bui!ding wind
turbine pans.
Houston has long been the energy capital of America; now it is becoming the clean energy capital
as well. Some of the city's largest 4. _ _ _ __ _ _ energy companies, like BP and Shell, have made
major investments in wind energy. Many of the leaders in offshore drilling are now looking to apply their
expertise to America's 5. _ __ _ _ _ offshore wind industry. By building a more diverse and 6
energy mix, wind also helps keep the lights on for Texas homes and businesses
- - - - - - - --
As Hurricane Harvey came ashore, most of the wind projects along the Gulf Coast 7.
_ _ __ _ _ _ __ producing at nearly full output. A few went offiine when the local power grid 8 .
_ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ but all major wind projects were back online within days. Wind output was
also strong when extreme cold weather 9. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conventional power plants offiine in 2011 ,
causing rolling blackouts.
Electric 10. ______ _ _ _ in Texas has steadily increased as wind's contribution to the
electricity mix has grown. Technological advances now 11 . _ _ _ _ _ __ _ wind projects to
provide the same reliability services traditionally offered by conventional power plants. Due to wind
plants' fast and accurate response, the Texas grid operator often relies on wind plants to 12.
_ __ _ __ __ _ the power system when grid frequency is high. Most importantly, technological
progress has 13. _ _ _ _ __ __ wind energy's cost by two-thirds since 2009. Wind is now the
world's lowest-cost energy source, particularly in states like Texas that have some o f the world's highest
winds
Because of these cost declines, many large companies are buying wind energy to power their
operations in the state, such as GM, Procter & Gamble, Home Depot. Texas has won billion-dollar data
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center investments over other states because of its 14 wind generation TI esc
---- -- - - -
businesses arc drawn to wind's low and stable price. While other fuel prices may 1,
_ _ _ _ _ __ _ __, the wind will always be free.

n. Writing (25 points)

A. Write a topic sentence in the space provided for the following paragraph (3 point~).

_ Earl)' research
- - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - --
into competition and cooperation defined each of them in terms of the distr ibut1on o f rew11rd5
related to each. Competition was defined a a situation in which reward are distributed
unequally on the basis of performance, cooperation, on the other hand, wa'i defined as a situatttin
in which rewards are distributed equally on the basis of' mutual interactive behaviour amo ng
individuals. By this definitio n. a competitive situation requires at least one competitor to fa i I
each other competitor that wins, while a cooperati ve situation offer!) a reward only 1f all member
of the group receive it

B. Identify the sentence that does not fit in the paragraph by underlining it (1 point).
A buge loss of life resulted from the introduction Old World Diseases into the America in the
early sixteenth century. The inhabitants of the America were separated from Asia, Africa., Europe
by risi ng oceans following the Ice Ages, and as a result, they were isolated by means of this
watery barrier from numerous virulent epidemic diseases that had developed across the ocean
such as measles, smallpox, pneumonia, and malaria. Pre-Columbian American had a relatively
disease-free environment but also lacked the antibodies needed to protect them fro m bacteria and
viruses brought to America by European explorers and colonists The ex plorers of the world
were those having significant merit for the development of human being. A devastating outbreak
of disease that strikes for the first time against a completely unprotected population is known as a
virgin soil epidemic. Virgin soil epidemics contributed to an unbelievable decline in the
population of native inhabitants of the Americas, one that has been estimated at as much as an 80
percent decrease of native population in the centuries following the arrival Europeans in the
America.

C. Write a suitable concluding sentence for this paragraph in the space provided (3 points).

Camouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attacks in the treeless Arctic.
However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective
colouring sche me would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. The arctic fox is
a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it spots a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then
turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-
gray coat blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white
coat naturally b lends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra.
--------

D. Write a supporting sentence that fits in the paragraph below (3 points).\

Post-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M Company in Minnesota quite by accident.
Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesive, and one particularly
weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres, was developed. Employees at
3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get
dirty, could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use a
bookmark that would stay in place in book
 1

Another use was fou nd when the product wa attached to a report that -wait to he em to a
colleague with a request for comment!> on the report, the colleague made his comments on the
paper attached to the report and returned the report The idea of Post-it 1'otes wa born

E. Write a paragraph about 8-10 sentences or approximately 150 words about one of the
following topics (15 points). Remembrr to start your paragraph with a topic sentence and
end it with a conclusion.

a . How can we save water'?

b. The causes/impacts of overfishing
c. Social media as a fund-raising platform for the victims of natural disaster/ social chaos
d. To decrease traffic congestion, is it better to limit the cars or the motorcycle?
e Natural resources are in danger of extinct ion due to industrialization

- -- - -- - - - - -- --------- - ------ -.

Ill. LISTENING (25 points)

A. Listen to news and complete the notes below in the spaces provided. You will hear the news
twice. (5 points)

A report released by the United Nations on Friday warned that in 20-30 the world might only
have 60 % of the water it needs, a shortfall that could affect (I) . . ...... ..... . people in 48 countries. In
the words of the report unless the balance between demand and finite supplies is restored the world will
face increasingly severe global (2) . .. ....... The numbers are staggering; the World Health Organization
estimated 748 million people lacked access to (3) ... . ...... . , a number that's only increasing. ( 4)
............. ... _are already having an (5) ... . in Brazil , a historic (6) ... ... ............ has
combined with a population boom to create a shortage so bad that doctors can't give their patients full
dialysis treatments and here's the thing, Brazil is in one of the most (7) .... .. ..... . ... .. .... in the world and
aired Regents.
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It could get much much

(
worse. take the Gaat Strip where l!.raeli air ,tnkcs and a lack o f
investment have made th (S)
c undnnkahlr We rang the bell that in 2016 Gaza will be n1..11
liable in terms of (9)
' · ·· ., but wate-1 shortages don't just impact people where the shorta~c: 1~
Droughts in places lik e ca1·fi ·
I om1a could ( 10) food wst,; worldwide

8
· A ~swer the following quest ions arter vou listen to t.he recordin g. You will hur it twice (JO
posnts) ·

1· What is it mainly about?

-·-----------------·-------------------------___ ___ -- ----- -----........ ------- ----- -----.. - ---- - ---- -- ---·---- ---
..,

2. What is the main idea?

-------------·---------------------------- ---------------------- -----------........ ·-----------· ------ ----- --- --- ---

3 Which areas are mostly affected by clean water shortage'/
-------------------------------------------------------------- -...... -- -- --- --------------------------- ---- - -.... - -----
4 . How difficult is it to get water for some women in the sub sharan Africa'1

5. What happens to families who drink contaminated water?

C. Listen to a conversation between a student and his tutor about optional courses for the next
semester and choose the best answer. You are going to listen to the recording twice (10 points)

I . What does Jack tell his tutor about Media Studies?

A. He' ll definitely do it
B. He may or may not do it
C. He won' t do it
D. He needs time to decide

2. Why has Jack decided to sign up for Women and Power ?

A. It's taught by Dr Steed
B. He knows quite well about it
C. He wants to specialize in women' s studies
D. His tutor asks him to sign up for it

3. What does Jack think of doing with Culture and Society option?
A. He' ll definitely do it
B . He may or may not do it
C. He won' t do it
D. He is interested in the historical focus

4. Why is Jack not sure about doing Identity and Popular C ulture ·>
A. He' s not interested in current issues
B He needs to know who the lecturer is
C Dr Stevens will run the course
D. It will start next week

S What does Jack tell his tutor about !ntroduclion lo Cultural theory?
A . He' ll definitely do it
B. He may or may not do it
C He won't do it
D He isn't interested