Cebu Normal University

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Graduate Studies
Osmena Boulevard, Cebu City

FINAL EXAMINATION
Real Analysis
December 2018

Name: JOVIT REJAS ALERIA Date: DECEMBER 11, 2018

Do the following. Show your solution (if applicable).

1. (5 points each) Define the following:

a. derivative of a function

The derivative of a function is defined as the instantaneous rate of change, or

slope, at a specific point of a function. It gives the exact slope at a specific point
along the curve. It is denoted by 𝒇′(𝒙), which simply stands for the derivative of
𝒇(𝒙) with respect to x. the definition of the derivative of a function is 𝒇′ (𝒙) =
𝒇(𝒙+𝒉)−𝒇(𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 .
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉

b. antiderivative of a function

The function 𝑭(𝒙) is an antiderivative of the function 𝒇(𝒙) on an interval I if 𝑭′ (𝒙) =

𝒇(𝒙) for all x in I.

c. definite integral of a function

𝒃
The Definite integral of f from a to b, written ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙, is defined to be the limit of
Riemann sum as 𝒏 → ∞, if the limit exists (for all choices of sample points 𝒙∗ 1, 𝒙∗ 2,
…, 𝒙∗ n in the n subintervals).
𝒃
Thus, ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏[(𝒇(𝒙∗𝟏 ) ∆𝒙 + 𝒇(𝒙∗𝟐 )∆𝒙 + ⋯ + 𝒇(𝒙∗𝒏 )∆𝒙].
𝒏→∞

2. (10 points each) Find the derivative of the following using the definition of the derivative
of a function:
a. f(x) = 3x2 + 15

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

[3(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 15] − (3𝑥 2 + 15)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

[3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) + 15] − 3𝑥 2 − 15

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ2 + 15 − 3𝑥 2 − 15
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

ℎ(6𝑥 + 3ℎ)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim 6𝑥 + 3ℎ
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 3(0)

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙

b. f(x) = √𝑥 − 3

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 − √𝑥 − 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 − √𝑥 − 3 √(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim ∗
ℎ→0 ℎ √(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3

(√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 − √𝑥 − 3)(√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)

(𝑥 + ℎ − 3) − (𝑥 − 3)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)

𝑥+ℎ−3−𝑥+3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)

ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 (√(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(√(𝑥 + (0)) − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(√𝑥 − 3 + √𝑥 − 3)
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
2√𝑥 − 3
c. f(x) = xn

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

(𝑥 + ℎ)𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

(𝑛0)𝑥 𝑛 ℎ0 + (𝑛1)𝑥 𝑛−1 ℎ1 + (𝑛2)𝑥 𝑛−2 ℎ2 + ⋯ + (𝑛−1

𝑛
)𝑥 1 ℎ𝑛−1 + (𝑛𝑛)𝑥 0 ℎ𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑥 𝑛 + (𝑛1)𝑥 𝑛−1 ℎ1 + (𝑛2)𝑥 𝑛−2 ℎ2 + ⋯ + (𝑛−1

𝑛
)𝑥 1 ℎ𝑛−1 + (𝑛𝑛)𝑥 0 ℎ𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

(𝑛1)𝑥 𝑛−1 ℎ1 + (𝑛2)𝑥 𝑛−2 ℎ2 + ⋯ + (𝑛−1

𝑛
)𝑥 1 ℎ𝑛−1 + (𝑛𝑛)𝑥 0 ℎ𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim ( ) 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ( ) 𝑥 𝑛−2 ℎ + ⋯ + ( ) 𝑥 1 ℎ𝑛−2 + ( ) 𝑥 0 ℎ𝑛−1
ℎ→0 1 2 𝑛−1 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 + ( ) 𝑥 𝑛−2 ℎ + ⋯ + ( ) 𝑥 1 ℎ𝑛−2 + ( ) 𝑥 0 ℎ𝑛−1
ℎ→0 2 𝑛−1 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 + ( ) 𝑥 𝑛−2 (0) + ⋯ + ( ) 𝑥 1 (0)𝑛−2 + ( ) 𝑥 0 (0)𝑛−1
2 𝑛−1 𝑛

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1

𝑥
d. f(x) =
𝑥−1

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

(𝑥 + ℎ) 𝑥
−
′ (𝑥) (𝑥 + ℎ) − 1 𝑥 − 1
𝑓 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

ℎ
−
′ (𝑥) (𝑥 + ℎ − 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑓 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim −
ℎ→0 ℎ(𝑥 + ℎ − 1)(𝑥 − 1)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim −
ℎ→0 (𝑥 + ℎ − 1)(𝑥 − 1)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −
(𝑥 + (0) − 1)(𝑥 − 1)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −
(𝑥 − 1)2
3. (10 points each) Find the antiderivative of following functions:
a. f(x) = 5x4 – 8x3 + 9x2 – 2x + 7
= ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= ∫(5𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 8𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 7𝑑𝑥

= 5 ∫ 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 − 8 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 9 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 7 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 4+1 𝑥 3+1 𝑥 2+1 𝑥 1+1 𝑥 0+1

= 5( + 𝐶1 ) − 8 ( + 𝐶2 ) + 9 ( + 𝐶3 ) − 2 ( + 𝐶4 ) + 7 ( + 𝐶5 )
4+1 3+1 2+1 1+1 0+1

𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥1
= 5( + 𝐶1 ) − 8 ( + 𝐶2 ) + 9 ( + 𝐶3 ) − 2 ( + 𝐶4 ) + 7 ( + 𝐶5 )
5 4 3 2 1

𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥1
= 5( ) + 5𝐶1 − 8 ( ) − 8𝐶2 + 9 ( ) + 9𝐶3 − 2 ( ) − 2𝐶4 + 7 + 7𝐶5
5 4 3 2 1

= 𝑥 5 + 5𝐶1 − 2𝑥 4 − 8𝐶2 + 3𝑥 3 + 9𝐶3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝐶4 + 7𝑥 + 7𝐶5

= 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + (5𝐶1 − 8𝐶2 + 9𝐶3 − 2𝐶4 + 7𝐶5 )

= 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 𝐶

1
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 (𝑥 + )
𝑥

= ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ √𝑥 (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1
= ∫ √𝑥 (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1 1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

3 1
= ∫ (𝑥 2 + 1 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

3 1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
 3 1
𝑥 2+1 𝑥 −2+1
=( + 𝐶1 ) + ( + 𝐶2 )
3 1
+1 − +1
2 2
5 1
𝑥2 𝑥2
= + 𝐶1 + + 𝐶2
5 1
2 2

2 5 1
= 𝑥 2 + 𝐶1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶2
5

2 5 1
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 + (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 )
5

2 5 1
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶
5
4. (10 points) Explain in at least 500 words: As a mathematics teacher, what is the importance
of learning real analysis?

Learning Real Analysis is indeed a challenge. I consider this subject as the most
difficult one to learn in my entire graduate school journey. At first, I found this subject
boring, pointless and difficult. There were no Saturdays that I went home without
headache. It really gave me a hard time especially topics involving proofs, which I
thought could not be used in my teaching career. I could not see then the connection
between Real Analysis and my profession as a math teacher. However, as I had already
grown healthy appreciation for this subject, I started to appreciate Real analysis for
being the foundation of Calculus.

As a mathematics teacher, learning real analysis is important because it gave

me the whole picture of the real number system and its significance to Calculus. I now
appreciate the field properties such as commutative, associative and distributive since
it is essential in proving theorems involving real number system. It seems easy but in
reality, it is quite hard. In addition, I was amazed upon knowing the importance of the
concept of absolute value in defining triangular inequality. Real Analysis also gave me
additional inputs in mathematical induction. Even though I already encountered this
topic during my undergraduate study, I still found it interesting particularly on divisibility
part. The hardest part in learning this subject was the inclusion of epsilon, infimum,
supremum and neighborhood in almost all of the topics being tackled. These topics
were hard for me to comprehend and grasp. However, I found it relevant when we
reached derivative and antiderivative. It was only that time that I can say, “I now
understand Calculus”. Without this subject, I could not know the reason why
understanding limits is necessary in dealing with derivatives. I now realize that it is
necessary for me as a math teacher to know the reason behind each rule in derivative
of a function such as chain rule and the like. As a math teacher, I now comprehend
the reason behind the mathematical formulas in math subjects like Calculus.
Mathematical formulas were products of rigorously following the concepts of real
number system, field properties, and other properties discussed in Real Analysis.
Furthermore, this subject gave me the impression that as a teacher, I should be patient
and be considerate to my students because if not to my instructor being so patient and
understanding to our class, I could not survive this subject.

Real Analysis is undeniably a subject involving “real analyzation”. In my opinion,

I think one of the reasons why I found this subject very hard is because I took it first
before taking Calculus subject. It should be taken after taking all other major subjects
in order for me to have an easy and fast understanding of this subject. If I had to give
an advice to other MAEd-Math students, I suggest that they should take Calculus and
other subjects like Foundation and Structures in Math first for them to avoid the same
experience we had this semester.