Gis Chapter 4

1. Geographical query
LO- what is query, queries and reasoning ,measurement

Geographical query

a) most basic of analysis operations

 To answer simple question posed by user
 No change occur in the database
 No new data are produced.

Operation- simple to complex

Purpose- to retrieve geographical information from gis based on user-defined data criteria.

2. Query and reasoning

a. Selective map display
i. Display location or all object using point and arc without background.
ii. Attribute and entity types can be displayed by colour line pattern and
point symbols.
b. Spatial query
c. Attribute query
d. Spatial relationship query
e. Advanced sql query
f. Relational query
i. Different system use different ways of formulating queries.
ii. Structured query language, SQL -provide a standard way in querying
data base.
iii. User can select object interested and produce maps.

3. Measurement
a. Distance and length
i. Polyline represent smooth curve tend shorter
b. Shape of an area
i. Measure the shape of zone in term of their proximity to a perfect
circular shape
c. Continents and islands
i. If no of zone greater than the no enclosed island,
d. Euler number
i.

(x1,
D x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2 y )

(x2,
y )
Chapter 4 – spatial analysis

LO- analysis or modelling, vector & raster analysis capabilities, geographical anlysis procedure

1) Analysis
a) Specify data transformation which are analytical
b) Process to resolve and separate the reference system into its part to illuminate their nature
and interrelationships.
c) To determine general principle behaviour
2) Modelling
a) Specify data transformation which involve synthesis of information
b) Process to put together expressions of general principle with representation of parts of the
reference system to as to form a replica that exhibits behaviour similar to that reference
system.

Analysis- a theory is product of analysis

Model- model product of synthesis using theory