A.

INTRODUCTION

Literature is a creative and productive activity to create a work of literature which

have aesthetic feeling and interpret social activity. Literature exists because of the
creation of the author to show their feeling as a human who have idea, and using
languages as the media to deliver the messages to the reader. Literature is a social
phenomena that using human creativity. Literature born from the expression of authors
that early deeply exists in their mind.
A literature is created as a creative imagination from the person in different
process between one to another person, especially for fiction. (Waluyo, 2002:68). This
process is individual activity because it has different way of thinking, such as the method,
creative process in express what the author have and the language in use. A literature as a
product of art will never separate from the languages as a main media in literature itself.
Art and human are have close relationship. Basically, literature begins from the problem
in human life and their environment. More over, with their imagination, the authors only
recast these problems into a literature.
Literature is the reflection of life: its source is our life self as stated by
William H. Hudson in introduction to The Study of Literature:
“Literature is the vital records of what men have seen in life, and what they
felt about those aspects of it which have the most immediate and enduring interest for
all of us. It is thus fundamentally and expression of life through the medium of
language” (1965:10).
Literature is also simply another way of the people to get experience about the
world around them through their imagination because everything experienced and
though in the real life. So, by reading literary works, we actually also read our real
life, as stated by Edward H. Jones in Outlines of Literature:
“Literature is a simply another way we can experience in the world around us through
our imagination “(1968:1).
In other hand, Literature is an expression of human life through the medium
of language (Hudson, 1965:10). It is very effective to record all human activities as

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well as their feeling in literary forms. Literature has the close relation with the society
because it expresses life through the writer’s experience. Jones says in Outline of
Literature that literature is simple another way we can experience the world through
our imagination (1968:1).
Andrea Hirata’s Sang Pemimpi is clearly described about the colour of
teenagers’ life in a land named Belitong. This is very interesting story because this
story is based on true life. This novel tells us about how two brotherhoods face their
daily activity with poverty and lack of happiness. Although they can not fulfil their
willing and desire, they have a big dream to study abroad, in Paris, France. This novel
is interesting to be analyzed because it has many teenagers’ life reality and this novel
is easy to understand, the language even the plot. In making this novel, Andrea
Hirata, the author always using many figurative language to express his feeling
systematically, directly and beautifully, so I am interesting to analyze this novel.

B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

B.1Term of Sociology

Sociology is the study of human societies. It is a social science (with which it

is informally synonymous) that uses various methods of empirical investigation and
critical analysis to develop and refine a body of knowledge and theory about human
social activity, often with the goal of applying such knowledge to the pursuit of social
welfare. Subject matter ranges from the micro level of agency and interaction to the
macro level of systems and social structures.

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B.2 Sociology in Literature

Sociology of literature is a branch of literary study that examines the

relationships between literary works and their social contexts, including patterns of
literacy, kinds of audience, modes of publication and dramatic presentation, and the
social class positions of authors and readers.

C. Research Method

This research is aim to analyze educative values in Andre Hirata’s Sang

Pemimpi. The inductive method is applied in analyzing data. Shaw states that
inductive method is from of reasoning from specific to the general. Induction method
tries to establish a general truth from the observation of the specific facts. From a
sufficient number of these facts or particulars, the inductive process of reasoning
reaches principle or conclusion. (1972: 201)
This methods attempts to collect some appropriate data concerning with the
topic taken to support the discussion. Subsequently, the general conclusion is reached
after interpreting the specific data.
The data with the discussion is analyzed to get the clear description of the
study of the novel. Also the library research is used to collect the data and theories. It
is a way of collecting data and information from written sources n the library. The
main data is the novel itself. To get more detail data, internet and some references
related with the topic are used.

D. RESEARCH RESULT

The summary of Andre Hirata’s Sang Pemimpi

“Sang Pemimpi”, translated in English as a dreamer, was told about the life of three
Senior high school students. The three main character was Ikal, Arai and Jimbron.

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Ikal – the author – Arai is called as “simpai keramat’ because he is the last member of
his clan who still alive, and become Ikal’s brother and Jimbron is an orphan boy who
obsessed to horse and stammer when enthusiastic about something.
These three friends having a close friendship relation starting from child until
they was graduated in Manggar Senior High School, the first Senior High School ever
Built in East Belitong. They go to school every morning and work as a slave in
fishing port later. Someday, because of their addicted to watch movies, they try to
watch a movie in cinema but their guru catch them. another story of this novel was
Arai’s and Jimbron love stories, the discord of Jimbron to Ikal and Arai who will
continue their study in Jakarta and finally makes them separated but meet again in
France. They Life Separately from their Parents with Poverty background of life but
have a high dream. A dream when we saw from their background of life is only a
dream.

It is very interesting story, because the story is about the daily activity and
about friendship and love. Ikal has a dream to get scholarship in Paris, France. He
tries to realise his dream by his own ability. In other hand, Arai, a parentless person,
wants to be a successful person in the future. He loves his brother Arai and never let
him down or always protects him by his own power. The third person is Jimbron, a
big fat boy who likes horse very much. He knows everything about horse. One day,
an Australian Horse comes to their island by boat. He is very glad and cannot sleep
well because he wants to ride that horse!! An finally, the day come true. He can ride
the horse by himself.
This story full of motivation and has good plot. There is much suspense in this
novel that makes this novel very interesting to read. Andrea Hirata is one of the
authors who can bring the readers into his own imagination.

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D.1 DISCUSSION

The main approach in this analysis of Andrea Hirata’s Sang Pemimpi is

sociological approach. Sociology is comes from the word “socio” or society means a
group of person regarded as forming a single community and “logy” or logos means
knowledge. Sociology is the knowledge related to a group of person or community.
(Ekarini, 2003:2)

The problems around literature and society have narrow characteristic and
external. Literature is related to the certain situation or in certain economic, politic, or
society. This research aim is to reveal how the society influences literature and
literature’s level in society. This sociological approach is used to certain philosopher.
(Wallek and Warren, 2003:4)

The approach of literature that consider many sector of society is called sociology of
literature. (Jabrohim, 2001:169). At the first, this term is not has different meaning to
Socio Literary, Social approach or social-cultural approach to literature. This sociological
approach is including many approaches. Each approaches is based on the certain theory,
but all of approaches has identify similarities, that is has interest to literary as social
institution, that created by a man of letters as a social individual.

The relation between literature and society is reciprocal. Literature is not only
the effect of social causes of social effect (1962: 126), because literature is reflection
of social condition in certain society.

According to the statement above, we can conclude that sociology of literature is

a view that a literary work is a draw or picture of social phenomena. In literary work, this
phenomenon is described as a discourse with creative process. (Observation, analysis,
interpreted, reflection, imagination, evaluation etc).

The aim of sociological research is to get a whole draw about the relation
between man of letters, literary work and the society. (Jabrohim, 2001: 169). This view

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was very important for our observation and appreciation to the literature it self. The
sociology in literature seeks the interrelations among the personal worldview of the
authors and the spirit of era. It is also connected by the social problems. According to
Tom Burns, in his book Sociology of Literature and Drama, Literature is attempt to
make sense of our lives; while sociology is an attempt to make sense of the ways to
which we live our lives. (1973: 9)

Based on that explanation about sociology of literature, we can conclude that

sociological analysis of literature is purpose to describe the function and element that
build up the literary work, viewed in social tendency of the literary work is created by,
especially for educative values, such as (1) love values include (a) love to people in
society (b) love to family, (2) tolerance value, (3) patience values (ability to control our
self), and (4) The Spirit to get our desire.

In this section, I would like to give the example of each educative in this novel:

1. Love value
I find this term in the novel when the main character named Ikal has close
relationship with Arai, his brother from his grandfather. Ikal love Arai very much. Both
of them love each other like. Arai always protects Ikal from danger. He always fulfills
Ikal’s willing and always gives help when it needed. Ikal told to us about his feeling to
Arai:

Aku dan Arai ditakdirkan seperti sebatang jarum di atas meja dan magnet
di bawahnya. Sejak kecil kami melekat ke sana kemari. Aku semakin
dekat dengannya karena jarak antara aku dan abang pangkuanku,
abangku langsung, sangat jauh. Arai adalah saudara sekaligus sahabat
terbaik buatku. Dan meskipun kami seusia, ia lebih abang dari abang
mana pun. Ia selalu melindungiku. Sikap itu tecermin dari hal-hal paling
kecil. (p. 31).

This paragraph shows us about the close relationship between Ikal and Arai. Both
of them love each other. Another example of love values in this novel:

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Kami tersentuh.Kami menghampiri Jimbron dan memeluknya.Jimbron yang berhati
lunak dan putih.Dulu,dengan penuh semangat,ia memesan dua celengan kuda agar
dibelikan mualim di Jakarta,dan sempat kami tertawakan ketika celengan kuda itu
datang,Ditabungnya upah bekerja keras paling tidak selama dua tahun.Diisinya kedua
celengan itu dengan rata.Tak sepatah kata pun ia sempat ia ucapkan maksudnya.Kini
diberikannya masing-masing untuk kami.Itulah pengorbanan Jimbron untuk
kami.Kami berjanji akan menuliskan namanya di tanah,di gedung,di pohon,di
jalan,kemana pun kami
sampai. (p. 147)

This is the example of true love. Jimbron who has saving his money in several years
has given his money to his friends who he loved. This is jimbron’s sacrifice to them
and truly inspired us as an ordinary man.

2. Tolerance value
Like in other literary works, Sang Pemimpi is has a value about tolerance in daily
activity.

Jimbron adalah seseorang yang membuat kami takjub dengan tiga macam
keheranan. Pertama, kami heran karena kalau mengaji, ia selalu diantar
seorang pendeta. Sebetulnya, beliau adalah seorang pastor karena beliau
seorang Katolik, tapi kami memanggilnya Pendeta Geovanny. rupanya
setelah sebatang kara seperti Arai, ia menjadi anak asuh sang pendeta.
Namun, itu kecil sekali dan aku tak boleh timbul sebelum jeriken itu
penuh. Aku megap-megap dengan bibir membiru dan mata mau
meloncat. Arai lebih parah. Karena terlambat salat subuh, ia disuruh
berlari mengelilingi masjid sambil memikul gulungan kasur. Kami
terpingkal-pingkal melihatnya
berlari seperti orang kebakaran rumah. pendeta berdarah Italia itu tak
sedikit pun bermaksud
mengonversi keyakinan Jimbron. Beliau malah tak pernah telat jika
mengantarkan Jimbron mengaji ke masjid. (p. 60)

Mr. Geovany has different religion to his adopted son but he loves his
adopted son. This is the fact that the tolerance values have an important
role to this story.

3. Patience values (ability to control our self).

We can find this value in several events in this novel, such as in this paragraph:

Maka menerima hukuman apa pun dari Pak Mustar Jimbron ikhlas saja.Disuruh
berakting,ya dia berakting sebaik mungkin.tak ada alasan untuk main-main.Disuruh
membersihkan WC yang lubangnya dibanjiri bakteri ekoli,ia juga senang-senang

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saja.Semuanya ia jalani dengan sepenuh jiwa sebab hukuman itu baginya merupakan
bagian dari mata rantai nasib yang dianugerahkan sang Maha Pencipta di langit
untuknya
dan memang telah tercatat dalam buku-Nya. (p. 106)

Jimbron is the character who has high patience. He accepts the punishment from Mr.
Mustar patiently.

4. The Spirit to get our desire.

Pada saat itulah aku, Arai, dan Jimbron mengkristalisasikan harapan

agung kami dalam satu statement yang sangat ambisius: cita-cita kami
adalah kami ingin sekolah ke Prancis! Ingin menginjakkan kaki di altar
suci almamater Sorbonne, ingin menjelajah Eropa sampai ke Afrika.
Harapan ini selanjutnya menghantui kami setiap hari. Begitu tinggi cita-
cita kami. Mengingat keadaan kami yang amat terbatas, sebenarnya
lebih tepat citacita itu disebut impian saja. Tapi di depan tokoh karismatik
seperti Pak Balia, semuanya seakan mungkin. (p.70)

Ical, Arai and Jimbron was very excited to realize their dream and willing.
They want to discover Europe to Africa and they begin to build their
dream into to reality.

E. CONCLUSSION

Literary work always has a close relation to the society. For instance is
Andrea Hirata’s Sang Pemimpi. This novel is full of inspiration for people who read
this story. He tries to persuade the readers to create greatest thing by their own ability.
This novel is one of the best seller novels that inspiring many people. Moreover, the
education values in this novel are good to be thought to our young generation in order
to adapt these values. The life element such as love, sacrifice, patience, friendship and
loyalty were colouring this story.
The sociological approach has applied in analyzing this novel, especially for
the relation between Literature to Society and on the contrary. The values in this
novel are a fact that a literary work can influencing the society and the society can

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influencing the literary works itself. In fact, Andrea Hirata can show us the relation
between literary work and Society from his works.