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Petr Kabele
Czech Technical University in Prague
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Czech Republic
petr.kabele@fsv.cvut.cz ∗ people.fsv.cvut.cz/~pkabele
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Outline
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Finite element programs – classification and structure
FEM programs
➢general purpose
● simulation of general physical problems (statics, dynamics, heat/mass
analyzed problem
● e.g DIANA, ADINA, ABAQUS
➢specialized, engineering
● simulation of specific engineering problems (e.g. elastic truss structure)
● e.g. SAP
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Structure of finite element programs
Computational core
Preprocesor Postprocesor
graphical interface for FE program itself graphical interface
data input for processing and
visualization of results
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Practical aspects of finite element analysis
General consideration:
“Finite element analysis is essentially an approximate method for calculating the
behavior of real structures by performing an algebraic solution of a set of
equations describing idealized structures”
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Selection of analysis type
stress analysis
linear
stability
static nonlinear
... ...
mechanical dynamic
heat transport ... ... modal analysis
mass transport linear
transient analysis
fluid nonlinear
... ...
magnetism
coupled, interaction
... ...
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Selection of modeling hypotheses
Geometry and morphology (model scope and detail, structural form, internal
composition, connections between the structural elements,…)
The interaction of the structure with its surroundings (soil, fluids, other
structural parts,...)
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To this end:
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Pre-analysis
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Preliminary results check
If check fails, find and correct mistakes in input and return to “Refinement
and analysis”.
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Example:
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Rigorous results check
Analysis verification:
... ...
Analysis validation
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Results processing and presentation
Some examples:
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Example 1 Perform analysis of a slab.
Uniform distributed load
8 kN/m2 (incl. self weight)
Thickness: 0.15 m
Plan: 2 x 3 m
Material (R/C):
E = 30 GPa
ν = 0.2
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Model 1 : plate elements
mesh 1
mesh 2
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Model 1 : plate elements
Boundary conditions
ϕx, ϕy, ϕz ... free
u, v, w ... fixed
u, v, ϕx, ϕy, ϕz ... free
w ... fixed u, v, ϕx, ϕy, ϕz ... free
w ... fixed
Note: these point BC are imposed to prevent rigid body movement in slab plane.
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Model 1 : plate elements - results
Deflection
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Model 1 : plate elements - results
Bending moment intensities
Mesh 1: Element 59
mx my
Int point 1 -9.24586E-04 -5.78145E-03
Int point 2 -4.27317E-04 -5.93220E-03
Int point 3 -7.25490E-04 -5.66659E-03
Average: -6.92464E-4 -0.00579341
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Model 1 : plate elements - results
Stress
... may be not directly accessible,
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calculated from σ y , ext = ± 2
my
h
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Model 1 : plate elements - results
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Model 1 : plate elements - results
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Model 2 : solid elements
mesh 1
mesh 2
mesh 3
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Model 2 : solid elements
Boundary conditions
u, v, w ... fixed
u, v ... free u, v ... free
w ... fixed w ... fixed
z, w u, w ... fixed
y, v u, v ... free
x, u
w ... fixed
Note: these point BC are imposed to prevent rigid body movement in slab plane.
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Model 2 : solid elements - results
Deflection
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Model 2 : solid elements - results
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Model 2 : solid elements - results
Bending stress σy
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Models 1, 2, 3: comparison
Deflection
y-axis
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Models 1, 2, 3: comparison
*) extrapolated values
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Example 2
Perform a stress analysis of a wall exposed to uniform load, self-weight and
foundation settlement. Identify the locations and magnitudes of maximum tension.
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Initial calculation
4-node isoparematric quarilateral plane stress elements (Q4)
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Deformed mesh
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Principal stresses
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Maximum principal stress
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Maximum principal stress – smoothed plot
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Convergence study – meshes
Q4 elements
Q9 elements
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Convergence of extreme displacement Convergence of max. princ. stress
-7.008E-03 3.0
-7.010E-03
2.5
-7.012E-03
Q4
-7.014E-03 Q4 2.0
sig_max
Q9
-7.016E-03 Q9
u_ext
1.5 Q9a
-7.018E-03 Q9a
-7.020E-03 1.0
-7.022E-03
0.5
-7.024E-03
-7.026E-03 0.0
100 1000 10000 100000 100 1000 10000 100000
DOF
DOF
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Maximum principal stress
Q4 elements
Q9 elements
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Maximum principal stress
Q4 elements
Q9 elements
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Maximum principal stress
Q4 elements
Q9 elements
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Local refinement
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Convergence of extreme displacement Convergence of max. princ. stress
-7.008E-03 3.0
-7.010E-03
2.5
-7.012E-03
Q4
-7.014E-03 Q4 2.0
sig_max
Q9
-7.016E-03 Q9
u_ext
1.5 Q9a
-7.018E-03 Q9a
-7.020E-03 1.0
-7.022E-03
0.5
-7.024E-03
-7.026E-03 0.0
100 1000 10000 100000 100 1000 10000 100000
DOF
DOF
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References
K.J. Bathe: Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1996
ADINA R&D, Inc.: Theory and modeling guide, Volume I: ADINA, November
2006
TNO DIANA BV.: DIANA User's Manual -- Release 9.3 -- Teacher Edition, 2008,
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Remark
This document is designated solely as a teaching aid for students of CTU in Prague,
Faculty of Civil Engineering, course Numerické metody v inženýrských úlohách.
This document is being continuously updated and corrected by the author. Despite
author’s utmost effort, it may contain inaccuracies and errors.
Limitation on Liability. Except to the extent required by applicable law, in no event
will the author be liable to any user of this document on any legal theory for any special,
incidental, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages arising out of the use of the
work, even if author has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
This is a copyrighted document © Petr Kabele, 2007 – 2012
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