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UNIT IMPULSE
function [x,n]=impulse(n0,n1,n2)
n=[n1:n2];
x=[(n-n0)==0];
stem(n,x);
xlabel('n');ylabel('del[n]');
end
OUTPUT:

impulse(0,-10,10)

UNIT STEP
function [x,n]=unitstep(n0,n1,n2)
n=[n1:n2];
x=[(n-n0)>=0];
stem(n,x);
xlabel('n');ylabel('u[n]');
end
OUTPUT:

unitstep(0,-10,10)

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UNIT RAMP
function [x,n]=ramp(n0,n1,n2)
n=[n1:n2];
x=(n-n0).*[(n-n0)>=0];
stem(n,x);
xlabel('n');ylabel('r[n]');
end
OUTPUT:

ramp(0,-10,10)

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REAL EXPONENTIAL
function [x,n]=realexp(n0,n1,n2)
n=[n1:n2];
subplot(2,2,1)
x=2.^n;
stem(n,x);
title('a>1')
xlabel('n');ylabel('y[n]');
subplot(2,2,2)
x=0.5.^n;
stem(n,x);
title('0>a>1')
xlabel('n');ylabel('y[n]');
subplot(2,2,3)
x=(-0.5).^n;
stem(n,x);
title('-1<a<0')
xlabel('n');ylabel('y[n]');
subplot(2,2,4)
x=(-2).^n;
stem(n,x);
title('a<-1')
xlabel('n');ylabel('y[n]');
end
OUTPUT:

COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL
function [x,n]=complexexp(n0,n1,n2)
n=[n1:n2];
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x=exp((-0.1+(j*0.3)).*n);
subplot(2,2,1)
x1=real(x);
stem(n,x1);
title('REAL PART');
subplot(2,2,2)
x2=imag(x);
stem(n,x2);
title('IMAGINARY PART');
subplot(2,2,3)
x3=abs(x);
stem(n,x3);
title('MAGNITUDE');
subplot(2,2,4)
x4=(180/pi)*angle(x);
stem(n,x4);
title('PHASE');
end
OUTPUT:

complexexp(0,-10,10)

%GENERATE AND PLOT SEQUENCES OVER AN INTERVAL

%2del(n+2)-del(n-4)
function[x,n]=sig(n1,n2)
n=[n1:n2];

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x=2*(impulse(-2,n1,n2))-impulse(4,n1,n2)
stem(n,x);
end
OUTPUT:

%GENERATE AND PLOT

SEQUENCES OVER AN
INTERVAL
%n[u(n)-u(n-
10)]+10exp(-0.3)[u(n-
10)-u(n-20)]
function[x,n]=sig1(n1
,n2)
n=[n1:n2];
x=n.*(unitstep(0,n1,n
2)-
unitstep(10,n1,n2))+(
10*exp(-
0.3))*(unitstep(10,n1
,n2)-
unitstep(20,n1,n2));
stem(n,x);
end
OUTPUT:

%GENERATE AND PLOT SEQUENCES OVER AN INTERVAL

%x(n)={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1}
(a)x1(n)=2x(n-5)-3x(n+4)
function[x,n]=sig2(n2,n3)
n=[n2:n3];
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
[x1,n1]=(sigshift(x,[n2:n3],5))
[x2,n2]=(sigshift(x,[n2:n3],-4))
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2));%duration of y[n]
y1=zeros(1,length(n));
y2=y1;
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y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))= x1;
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))= x2;
y = (2*y1)-(3*y2);
stem(n,y);
end
OUTPUT:

sig2(-2,10)

%GENERATE AND PLOT SEQUENCES OVER AN INTERVAL

%x(n)={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1}
%x(3-n)+x(n)x(n-2)
function[x,n]=sig3(n2,n3)
n=[n2:n3];
n1=-fliplr(n)
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
[x1,n1]=(sigshift(x,n1,3))

[x2,n2]=(sigshift(x,[n2:n3],2))
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2));
y1=zeros(1,length(n));
y2=y1;
y3=y1;
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))= x1;
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))= x2;
y3(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))= x;

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y = (y1)+(y3.*y2);

stem(n,y);
end
OUTPUT:
sig3(-2,10)

OR

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Z TRANSFORM

(i)X[n]=(1/4)^n u[n]
syms z n
ztrans((1/4)^n)
OUTPUT:
z/(z - 1/4)

(ii)
syms z n
ztrans(exp(-2*n))
OUTPUT:
z/(z - exp(-2))

Inverse Z transform
% X[z]=z/(z - 1/4)
syms z n
iztrans(z/(z - 1/4))
OUTPUT:

(1/4)^n

PROGRAM:

%Let X1(z)=z 2 3 z^-1 and X2(z)=2z^2+4z+3+5z^-1

%Determine X3(z)=X1(z)X2(z)

x1=[1,2,3];
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n1=[-1:1];
x2=[2,4,3,5];
n2=[-2:1];
[x3,n3]=conv_mod(x1,n1,x2,n2)

OUTPUT:

x3 =2 8 17 23 19 15

n3 =-3 -2 -1 0 1 2

RESIDUEZ

1)1/((1+z^-1)*(1-z^-1)^2)

b=[1];
a=[1,-1,-1,1];
[R,p,C]=residuez(b,a)
[b,a]=residuez(R,p,C)
zplane(b,a)

OUTPUT:

R=

0.2500
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0.5000

0.2500

p=

1.0000

1.0000

-1.0000

C = []

b = 1.0000 0 0.0000

a =1.0000 -1.0000 -1.0000 1.0000

2)(3-4z^-1)/((1-0.5z^-1)^2*(1-3z^-1))

b=[3,-4];
a=[1,-4,13/4,(-3)/4];
[R,p,C]=residuez(b,a)
[b,a]=residuez(R,p,C)
zplane(b,a)
OUTPUT:

R =2.4000 + 0.0000i

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-0.4000 - 0.0000i

1.0000 + 0.0000i

p=

3.0000 + 0.0000i

0.5000 + 0.0000i

0.5000 - 0.0000i

C =[]

b = 3.0000 - 0.0000i -4.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 0.0000i

a =1.0000 -4.0000 3.2500 -0.7500

3)(1+z^-1)/((1-0.5z^-1)^2)(1-z^-1))
b=[1,1];
a=[1,-2,5/4,(-1)/4];
[R,p,C]=residuez(b,a)
[b,a]=residuez(R,p,C)
zplane(b,a)
R=

8.0000 + 0.0000i

-4.0000 - 0.0000i
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-3.0000 + 0.0000i

p=

1.0000 + 0.0000i

0.5000 + 0.0000i

0.5000 - 0.0000i

C = []

b=

1.0000 - 0.0000i 1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 0.0000i

a=

1.0000 -2.0000 1.2500 -0.2500

4) (3-4z^-1)/(1-3.5z^-1+1.5z^-2)

b=[3,-4];
a=[1,-3.5,1.5];
[R,p,C]=residuez(b,a)
[b,a]=residuez(R,p,C)
zplane(b,a)
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R=

p=

3.0000

0.5000

C =[]

b=

3 -4

a =1.0000 -3.5000 1.5000

DTFT OF x[n]={1,2,3,4,5}

x=[1,1,1,1];
n=0:3;
N=4;
X=dft(x,N);
magX=abs(X)
angX=angle(X)*180/pi

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subplot(2,1,1)
stem(n,magX);
title('MAGNITUDE PLOT')
xlabel('w')
ylabel('magX')
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(n,angX);
title('ANGLE PLOT')
xlabel('w')
ylabel('angX')

OUTPUT:

Find DTFT

x=[1,1,1,1];
n=0:3;
N=4;
k=0:500;
w=(2*pi/500)*k;
X=x*(exp(-j*2*pi/500)).^(n'*k);
magX=abs(X)
angX=angle(X)*180/pi
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(w,magX);
title('MAGNITUDE PLOT')
xlabel('w')

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ylabel('magX')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(w,angX);
title('ANGLE PLOT')
xlabel('w')
ylabel('angX')

FIND 4 PT. DFT

x=[1,1,1,1];
n=0:3;
N=4;
X=dft(x,N);
magX=abs(X)
angX=angle(X)*180/pi
subplot(2,1,1)
stem(n,magX);
title('MAGNITUDE PLOT')
xlabel('w')
ylabel('magX')
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(n,angX);
title('ANGLE PLOT')
xlabel('w')
ylabel('angX')

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