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Presented By..
Mr. Wagh Pankaj N.
M.Pharm.(1st Sem)
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Department Of Pharmaceutics
R.C.Patel Institute Of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Micronization Techniques
a) Fluid energy mill
b) Ball mill
c) Edge runner mill
d) Rotary cutter mill
e) End runner mill
f) Roller mill
g) Hammer mill
h) Mortar and Pestle
i) Colloid mill
Conclusion
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References
INTRODUCTION:
The process involve reducing the size of the
solid drug particle to 1 to 10 micron commonly
by use of air attrition method (fluid energy mill).
The process is also called as micro-milling.
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MICRONIZATION TECHNIQUES:
1. FLUID ENERGY MILL OR JET MIL
2. BALL MILL OR PEBBLE MILL
3. EDGE RUNNER MILL
4. ROTARY CUTTER MILL
5. END RUNNER MILL
6. ROLLER MILL
7. HAMMER MILL
8. MORTOR & PASTLE
9. COLLOID MILL
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NAME OF MILL ACTION OF MILL
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Fig: Fluid energy mill
Working:
Powder is introduced through the inlet of venturi.
Air introduce through the grinding nozzles transport the
powder in the circular track of the mill. The turbulent
stream of air the particles colloids with each other and
break. Particles are carried out to outlet and the coarse
particle undergo recirculation.
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Uses-
Reduce particle size of most of drugs such as
antibiotics and vitamins.
Advantages-
1) Heat labile substance can be milled.
Ex. Sulphonamide, Vitamins and antibiotics.
2) It is rapid & efficient method for reducing powder
30 mm or less.
Disadvantage-
1) Not suitable for soft, tacky & fibrous material.
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2) Ball Mill:
Principle:
The ball mill works on the impact between the rapidly
moving ball and the powder material, both enclosed in a
hollow cylinder. Thus, in the ball mill, impact or attrition or
both are responsible for the size reduction.
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Uses :
1) Milling of hard and abrasive material with particle size of
5mm or less.
2) Ball mill at low speed is used for milling dyes, pigment and
insecticides.
Advantages:
1) It can produce very fine powder.
2) Used for batch operation.
3) Suitable for both wet and dry grinding processes.
Disadvantages:
1) Noisy machine.
2) Not suitable for soft, tacky & fibrous material.
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3) Edge Runner Mill:
Principle:
Size reduction done by compression due to heavy weight of
stone.
Uses:
1. For grinding tough material to fine powder.
2. Use for plant based product.
Advantage:
1. Not require attention during operation.
Disadvantages:
1. Time consuming and Energy consuming.
2. Not use for sticky material.
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4) Rotary Cutter Mill:
Principle:
In the cutter mill, size reduction involves successive cutting or
shearing the feed materials with the help of sharp knives.
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Uses:
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5) End runner mill:
Principle:
Size reduction is done by crushing due to heavy weight of
steel pestle. Shearing stress is also involved during movement of
mortar and pestle.
Uses:
Use for fine grinding.
Disadvantages:
Not suitable for unbroken or slightly broken condition
of drug.
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6) Roller mill:
Principle:
The material is crushed (compressed) by the application
of stress. The stress is applied by rotator wheels, rollers.
Feed
Hopper
Rollers
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Fig: Roller mill.
Working:
The rollers are allowed to rotate. The material is feed into
hopper through gap between two rollers by applying high
pressure material is crushed.
Uses:
Roller mill is used for crushing and cracking of seed before
extraction of fixed oils and also used to crush soft tissue to help
in the penetration of solvent during extraction process.
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7) Hammer mill:
Principle:
The hammer mill operates on the principle of impact between
rapidly moving hammer mounted on a rotor and the powder
material.
removal of fines.
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9) Colloid Mill:
Principle:
Colloid mill consist of 2 steel disc having very small clearance
between them. One disc is rotating, while the other one is
stationary.
Fig:-Colloid Mill
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Working:
Suspension and emulsion are placed in hopper. The solid
are mixed with the liquid vehicle before introduce into colloid
mill Rotor is moved 3000 to 20000 rpm. The dispersion flow
down and adher to the rotor.
Uses:
Colloidal dispersion, suspension, emulsion, and ointment.
Advantage:
Production of sterile product.
Disadvantage:
Not useful to dry milling.
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Conclusion:
Micronization is one of the technique for
reducing particle size to enhancement of
bioavailability of drug.
So we conclude that by reducing particle size there is
increase in surface area, so ultimately dissolution rate is
enhanced and thereby bioavailability can be increased by
micronization techniques.
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References:
Aulton , Aulton Pharmaceutics, The Science of Dosage form Design, 2nd Edition
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Cont....
Pharmaceutics: A review.2013;4(8):57-64.
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