NEO PI-3

AUTHORS

Paul T. Costa, Jr., PhD

Robert R. McCrae, PhD
1992
OUTLINE

Administration
Scoring
5-Factor Model
Development and Validation
Applications
Interpretation
ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATION

Use soft pencil

Fill up demographics
Answer all items
No time limit
SCORING
BEFORE SCORING
Make sure all items are answered
Cannot be scored if >41 items are unanswered
Individual facet scores should be interpreted with caution
when >3 items are unanswered
For research purposes, mean of scores can be used to
substitute missing responses
VALIDITY CHECKS

Item A – Honesty
­ Agree or strongly agree

Item B & C – Correct answering

­ “Yes”

Acquiescence
­ 150 or more A or SA answers

Nay-saying
­ 50 or fewer A or SA answers
VALIDITY CHECKS

Random responding
­ SD > 6 consecutive items
­ D > 9 consecutive items
­ N > 10 consecutive items
­ A > 14 consecutive items
­ SA > 9 consecutive items
CALCULATING SCORES

Tear off top stub of the answer sheet

Remove top page
Add each row of items (facets)
Sum all with same letters
­N–E–O–A–C
­ Domain Raw Scores
DETERMINING T-SCORES

Plot Raw Scores on Profile Sheet

­ Male Norms
­ Female Norms
FIVE-FACTOR MODEL
THE LEXICAL TRADITION

Analysis of trait adjectives

­ English
­ Other languages

Factor analysis
­ Use of lay terms
­ Comprehensive list
FACTOR ANALYSIS

5 Domains
­ Clusters of traits (facets)

Summary of Styles
­ Emotional (Neuroticism)
­ Interpersonal (Extraversion)
­ Experiential (Openness)
­ Attitudinal (Agreeableness)
­ Motivational (Conscientiousness)
5-FACTOR MODEL

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
DEVELOPMENT & VALIDATION
OF THE NEO PI-3
NEO INVENTORY

1978 Measure
­3 domains
­ Neuroticism
­ Extraversion
­ Openness

1983
­Additional 18 items per domain
­ Agreeableness
­ Conscientiousness
NEO-PI-R

1990 revision
Strategies
­ Factor Analysis
DEVELOPMENT

Hierarchical structure
Psychological literature
Rational item construction
Psychometric requirements
Parallel forms
Construct validation
NORM GROUP
500 men & 500 women
US census projections for 1995
­ Age range 21 to 96 years
­ Race group

Education
­ 15.7 years for men
­ 13.6 years for women
NEO-PI-3
­ For 12 and above
­ Adult form: 21 to 30
RELIABILITY
Form S
­ .56 to .92 across facets

Form R
­ .60 to .95 across facets
VALIDITY

Factor Analysis
External evidence
­ Correlates with various objective personality tests
­ Sentence completion measures
­ Observer ratings
­ Convergence with other studies
­ Happiness
­ Wellbeing
APPLICATIONS OF THE NEO
PI-3
 COUNSELING & CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY &
PSYCHIATRY

Normal personality
Diagnostics
­ Part of a battery of psychological tests
­ DSM-V developments
 COUNSELING & CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY &
PSYCHIATRY

Psychotherapy
­ Selection of treatment
­ Choice of treatment focus

Use of S and R Forms

Identifying characteristics
BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE & HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
Disease and personality
­ Coronary heart disease and Type A
VOCATIONAL COUNSELING & I/O
PSYCHOLOGY
Vocational interest
Goodness of fit with occupations
­ Extraversion and sales
­ Conscientiousness and leadership
RESEARCH

Education
Any research relating to personality correlates
INTERPRETATION OF NEO PI-R
T-SCORES

= / > 56 is High
45 to 55 is Average
= / < 44 is Low
NEUROTICISM (N)
-General tendency to experience negative affect,
such as fear, sadness, embarrassment, anger, guilt,
and disgust
-Disruptive emotions interfere with capability to
adapt
High
­ Sensitive
­ Emotional
­ prone to experience feelings that are upsetting
Average
­ Generally calm and able to deal with stress
­ Sometimes experience guilt, anger and sadness
NEUROTICISM (N)

Low
­ Secure
­ Hardy
­ Generally relaxed even under stressful situations
NEUROTICISM (N)

Anxiety
Angry Hostility
Depression
Self-consciousness
Impulsiveness
Vulnerability
N1 – ANXIETY

Anxious
Fearful
Worrying
Tense
Nervous
Not confident
N2 – ANGRY HOSTILITY

Irritable
Impatient
Excitable
Moody
Not gentle
Tense
N3 – DEPRESSION

Not contented
Not confident
Not self-confident
Pessimistic
Moody
Sadness
N4 – SELF-CONSCIOUS

Shy
Timid
Not confident
Inhibited
N5 - IMPULSIVENESS

Hasty
Excitable
N6 – VULNERABILITY
Prone to distressing emotions
EXTRAVERSION (E)

Prototype: Salesman
High
­ Extraverted
­ Outgoing
­ Active
­ High Spirited
­ Prefer to be around people most of the time
EXTRAVERSION (E)

Average
­ Moderate in activity and enthusiasm
­ Enjoy the company of others but also value privacy

Low
­ Introverted
­ Reserved
­ Serious
­ Prefer to be alone or with few close friends
EXTRAVERSION (E)

Warmth
Gregariousness
Assertiveness
Activity
Excitement-Seeking
Positive Emotions
E1 – WARMTH

Friendly
Warm
Sociable
Cheerful
Not aloof
Affectionate
Outgoing
E2 – GREGARIOUSNESS

Sociable
Outgoing
Sensation-seeking
Not aloof
Talkative
Spontaneous
Not withdrawn
E3 – ASSERTIVENESS

Aggressive
Not shy
Assertive
Self-confident
Forceful
Enthusiastic
Confident
E4 – ACTIVITY

Energetic
Hurried
Quick
Determined
Enthusiastic
Aggressive
Active
 E5 – EXCITEMENT SEEKING

Pleasure-seeking
Daring
Adventurous
Clever
E6 – POSITIVE EMOTIONS

Enthusiastic
Humorous
Praising
Spontaneous
Pleasure-seeking
Optimistic
Jolly
OPENNESS (O)
Curious about inner and outer worlds; richer
experiences
High
­ Open to experiences
­ Broad interests
­ Very imaginative

Average
­ Practical
­ Willing to consider new ways of doing things
­ Seek balance between old and new
OPENNESS (O)

Low
­ Down to earth
­ Practical
­ Traditional
­ Pretty much set in ways
OPENNESS (O)

Fantasy
Aesthetics
Feelings
Actions
Ideas
Values
O1 – FANTASY

Dreamy
Imaginative
Idealistic
Artistic
Complicated thoughts
O2 – AESTHETICS

Artistic
Original
Inventive
Idealistic
Versatile
O3 – FEELINGS

Spontaneous
Insightful
Imaginative
Affectionate
Talkative
Outgoing
O4 – ACTIONS

Wide interests
Imaginative
Adventurous
Versatile
O5 – IDEAS

Idealistic
Inventive
Curious
Original
Insightful
O6 – VALUES

Not conservative
Unconventional
Not cautious
AGREEABLENESS (A)

High
­ Compassionate
­ Good-natured
­ Eager to cooperate
­ Avoid conflict

Average
­ Generally warm
­ Trusting
­ Agreeable
­ Sometimes stubborn and competitive
AGREEABLENESS (A)

Low
­ Hardheaded
­ Skeptical
­ Proud
­ Competitive
­ Tend to express anger directly
AGREEABLENESS (A)

Trust
Straightforwardness
Altruism
Compliance
Modesty
Tender-mindedness
A1 – TRUST

Forgiving
Trusting
Not suspicious
Not wary
Not pessimistic
Peaceable
Not hard-hearted
 A2 - STRAIGHTFORWARDNESS

Not complicated
Direct
A3 – ALTRUISM

Warm
Soft-hearted
Gentle
Generous
Kind
Tolerant
Not selfish
A4 – COMPLIANCE
Not stubborn
Not demanding
Not headstrong
Not outspoken
A5 – MODESTY

Not show-off
Not assertive
Not argumentative
A6 – TENDER-MINDED

Friendly
Warm
Sympathetic
Soft-hearted
Gentle
Kind
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (C)
Control of impulses, planning, organizing, carrying out
tasks.
High
­ Conscientious
­ Well-organized
­ High standards
­ Always strive to achieve goals
Average
­ Dependable
­ Moderately well organized
­ Generally have clear goals
­ Able to set work aside
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (C)

Low
­ Easygoing
­ Not very well organized
­ Sometimes careless
­ Prefer not to make plans
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (C)

Competence
Order
Dutifulness
Achievement Striving
Self-Discipline
Deliberation
C1 – COMPETENCE

Efficient
Self-confident
Thorough
Resourceful
Confident
Not confused
Intelligent
C2 – ORDER

Organized
Thorough
Efficient
Precise
Methodical
Not absent-minded
C3 – DUTIFULNESS

Not distractible
Not careless
Not lazy
Thorough
Task-oriented
Not absent-minded
 C4 – ACHIEVEMENT STRIVING

Ambitious
Determined
Confident
Persistent
C5 – SELF-DISCIPLINE

Organized
Not lazy
Efficient
Gets tasks done
Industrious
C6 – DELIBERATION

Not hasty
Not impulsive
Not careless
Thorough
THANK YOU.