INTRODUCTION TO

PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Aerial photography
• The word “photogrammetry” came into
general usage in about 1934. The term is
derived from three Greek words, photos
meaning “light,” gramma meaning
“something drawn or written.” And metron
meaning “to measure.”

• The root words, therefore, originally signified

measuring graphically by means of light.
• The definition of photogrammetry may be stated
as follows:

• Photogrammetry is the art, science, and

technology of obtaining reliable information
about physical objects and the environment
through processes of recording, measuring, and
interpreting photographic images and patterns of
electromagnetic radiant energy and other
phenomena.
 Techniques
• Aerial
• Terrestrial
• Industrial /scientific
 Aerial survey
• The term aerial survey Is used to describe
survey techniques using photographs taken
from the air or from space.
Aerial photos
 Photographic interpretation

• Concerned with the examination of

photographs in order to identify objects, and is
an essential part of aerial survey.

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 Survey Applications of
Photogrammetry
• Topographical mapping
The plotting of map detail and contours are normally carried out using
aerial photogrammetric method

• Large scale surveys

Task such as road building and major construction, aerial survey
method is quicker and cheaper than ground method.
Profiles for determination of earthwork quatities and other data may
be obtained from the same photographs.
• Cadastral survey
• Land use maps
• Hydrographic Maps and charts
• Exploration and reconnaissance
• The best known application of photogrammetry is the
compilation of topographic maps and surveys complete
with contour lines, based on measurements and
information obtained from aerial and space photographs;
the compilation is usually performed by means of optical
analog instruments and/or analytic computations.

• Measurements on photographs replace field surveys, in

whole or in part: consequently, the use of photographs and
photogrammetry in mapping is often referred to by such
terms as “aerial survey” or “photogrammetric survey.”
 Advantages
• Covers large area
• Less time consumtion/ fast
• Can ‘reach’ inaccessable and restricted area
• Cheap/ cost effective for large area and in long
run
• Easy to interpret and understand
 Disadvantages
• Complex system, highly trained human
resource needed
• Costly at the time of installation/initiation
• Heavy and sophisticated equipment needed
• Lengthy administration procedure for getting
permission to fly
• Weather dependent