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PART – B (5 x 16 = 80)
Answer All the Questions
11. Explain the Buckingham’s Pi Theorem.
(or)
12. Briefly discuss the scale effects of similarities.
13. Discuss the classification of wind tunnels in detail.
(or)
14. Explain with a neat diagram the layout of a subsonic wind tunnel.
15. Explain the techniques used for Turbulence measurements in a wind tunnel.
(or)
16. Explain in detail the calibration of a supersonic tunnel.
17. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a hot wire anemometer.
(or)
18. Briefly explain the measurement of pressure, velocity and force in a wind tunnel.
19. Discuss the smoke and tuft grid techniques used for flow visualization.
(or)
20. Briefly explain the optical methods used for flow visualization.
PART – B (5 x 18 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. (a) State Buckingham theorem. How is thus theorem useful in the experiments using wind
tunnels?
(b) What is the basic principle behind hot wire anemometer? What are its limitations?
(or)
12. Define the following non-dimensional numbers: force coefficient, Euler number, Reynold’s
number and moment coefficient. How do the model scale effects influence the wind tunnel test
results?
13. How are the wind tunnels classified? What are the special problems of testing in hypersonic wind
tunnels?
(or)
14. Sketch the typical layout of a supersonic wind tunnel and mark all the components and
subsystems. What is starting problem in supersonic tunnels?
15. Write short notes on the following topics:
(a) Flow angularities in wind-tunnel testing.
(b) Turbulence intensity measurements in wind tunnel test section.
(or)
16. With a neat illustration explain the objective of calibration of a wind tunnel. In what way the
calibration procedure for a supersonic tunnel different from that of a subsonic wind tunnel?
17. Distinguish between internal and external wind tunnel balances. Briefly explain how force
measurements are carried out using an external strain gauge balance.
(or)
18. Bring out the essential features of a strain gauge based six component internal wind balance.
Explain how the six components are measured using the balance.
19. With neat illustration explain the basic principles of Schelieren method of flow visualization.
What are the advantages and limitations of the method?
(or)
20. Write short notes on the following techniques:
(a) Smoke technique for flow visualization.
(b) Use of tufts and electrical techniques for flow visualization studies.
PART -B
UNIT I
1. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis suitable parameters to present the thrust developed
by a propeller. Assume that the thrust depends on the angular velocity, speed of advance,
diameter dynamic viscosity, mass density, and elasticity of the fluid medium which can be
denoted by the speed of sound in the medium?
2. The pressure difference in a pipe of diameter and length due to viscous flow depends on the
velocity viscosity and density .using Buckingham theorem obtains an expression
3. Explain Buckingham pi theorem with example
4. Briefly explain the types non dimensionless number
UNIT II
1. Derive the pressure drop coefficient for diffuser and effuse and draw the corresponding curve?
2. Explain the operation, merits, demerits and application of hypersonic wind tunnel and also
briefly explain the losses in subsonic wind tunnel.
3. Explain the operation, merits, demerits and application of supersonic and aero acoustic tunnel?
4. Explain the operation, merits, demerits and application of any three special purpose wind
tunnels
5. Briefly explain the special purpose hypersonic wind tunnel
UNIT III
1. Derive the equation for test section speed in low speed wind tunnel and draw the
corresponding curve
2. Explain types of flow angularity measurement.
3. Explain types of turbulence measurement in wind tunnel?
4. Explain the operation Gun tunnel and Shock tunnel
5. With a neat illustration explain the objective of calibration of a wind tunnel. In what way the
calibration procedure for a supersonic tunnel different from that of a subsonic wind tunnel?
UNIT IV
1. How to measure velocity of flow using LDA technique
2. Explain wire type balance with neat sketch and mention the merits and demerits
3. Explain strut type balance with neat sketch and mention the merits and demerits
4. Explain six component balance with neat sketch
5. Mention the features and characteristics of wind tunnel balance
UNIT V
1. Explain the classification of flow visualization techniques
2. Explain the optical flow visualization techniques
3. Explain surface flow visualization technique
4. Explain the data flow visualization techniques
DEMERITS.
Tunnels much noisy,
Make cost environment problem.
15. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF BLOW DOWN TYPE WIND TUNNEL?
This is the simplest among the supersonic tunnel and most economic to build.
Constant blowing press can be maintaining for considerable running by throttle valve.
45. WHAT ARE THE KEY ASPECTS OF SURFACE FLOW THAT CAN BE
INVESTIGATED FROM SURFACE FLOW VISUALISATION?
Key aspects of surface flows that may be investigated using visualization techniques
include
Stagnation point location
Separation lines
Location of boundary layer transition
Characteristic unsteadiness
Extent of separation zones
Types of critical points
C=fλ