Petrel 2007 – Property Modeling Course

Property modeling is the process of filling grid cells of the grid with discrete or continuous
properties. The target is to use all geological information available to build a realistic property
model.

Property modeling in Petrel is split into three separate processes: Geometrical, Facies and
Petrophysical Modeling. In addition, there are four other process steps which can be used
when modeling properties; Scale Up Well Logs, Data Analysis, Train Estimation Model
(Neural Net) and Fault Analysis. Fault Analysis will not be covered in this course.

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Course Outline
Day 3
Day 1 Day 2

Fundamentals of Geostatistics Facies Modeling Petrophysical Modeling

Basics of Geostatistics Petrophysical modeling – Intro

Variogram modeling Facies modeling – Intro
Petrophysical Data Analysis
Kriging Facies Data Analysis
Sequential Indicator Simulation Petrophysical Modeling
Simulation
Object Modeling
Preparation for 3D Property Modeling Interactive Facies Modeling Seismic guided property modeling
Truncated Gaussian Simulation
3D Reservoir Modeling, Intro Workflow for using seismic
Facies Interpretation acoustic impedance cube in
Neural Net modeling
Upscale Logs
QC Grid layer resolution

In order to construct a proper petrophysical model based on a 3D grid, it is important to

understand the basic concepts, algorithms and methods leading to these results. Therefore,
the first part of the course will focus on basic geostatistical concepts like variograms, kriging
and simulation, and will also test out different methods to see both the benefits and the
limitations.

During the course you will learn how to prepare the data by using the Well Correlation
process and the Calculator for the wells. By using the Scale Up Well Logs process, well logs
will be up-scaled into the grid cells that are penetrated by wells. In addition, the process of
quality checking the up-scaled logs will be shown.

Before different interpolation methods of discrete data are introduced, the statistical discrete
data analysis will be performed by using the Facies Modeling process.

Petrophysical data analysis, including how to transform data and how to create variograms
from data, will be shown before using the Petrophysical Modeling process to create different
petrophysical models of porosity and permeability.

The different methods of quality checking both the input data and the resulting model will be
stressed during this course.

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Objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
Capture Geology and Build Realistic Property Models

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE
Understand Basic Geostatistics Fundamentals
Quality Check Initial Data
Use Geostatistic Concepts in Data Analysis to Prepare a Proper Data set
Learn How To Run Different Geostatistical Methods (Algorithms)
Use Different Output Properties to Correlate for Possible
Co-Kriging/Simulation

The purpose of this course is to give the participant an understanding of how to perform
Property Modeling in Petrel. The basic concepts and algorithm of property modeling will be
explained together with the software functions.

The course focuses on the practical use of Petrel functionality to perform property analysis
and population.

Note: This course is not designed to teach theory on geostatistics, but it does contain some
basic concepts to facilitate the novice with some tools to start advanced Property Modeling in
Petrel.

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Why Create a Realistic Reservoir Property Model?
We are making big decisions based on limited data
Maximize the usage of all information – optimise production
Correct Upscaling of logs and a proper Facies Interpretation is
important
Reservoir properties are critical factors affecting production

When you build reservoir property models the goal is to maximize the value of data by
incorporating all available information into a quantitative digital representation. To build
realistic property models you need different input from different disciplines, including the
geophysicist, geologist, petrophysicist and the reservoir engineer.

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Incorporate the Maximum Amount of Information
Reservoir Modeling >> Geostatistics
Well data Seismic data Production Outcrops Other Geological studies

Integrated study
• Structure (horizon, fault)
• Stratigraphic correlation
Deterministic • Facies images
information - Framework
• Sedimentological model
• Facies description
- Connectivity • Histogram
Conceptual Statistical • Variogram
information information • Correlation
• Trend
- Variation

A model builder integrates all available data types.

In projects with sparse data, the conceptual model is very important:
• The use of analogs (outcrops, neighboring fields, etc.) may serve as a source of statistical
information.
• A combination of conceptual and statistical information may allow the user to:
1. Choose key parameter values
2. Indicate upper and lower bounds for such key parameters when little data exists in the
project area
(E.g., object orientation, size, shape, correlation lengths and so on).

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Why build 3D property models?
Laws of Heterogeneity (from gslib.com):
1. All reservoirs are heterogeneous
2. All reservoir are more heterogeneous than first imagined
3. The degree of heterogeneity is directly proportional to the
amount of time allocated for the project and the project funding
A 3D geological model can:
• handle large amounts of data
• provide consistent analysis in 3D
• give direct numerical input to flow simulation and pore volume
calculation
• test / visualize multiple geological interpretations
• assess uncertainty

The importance of modeling or distributing well log information in 3D space should not be
underestimated. 3D distribution of petrophysical log data is a powerful tool in understanding
the spatial distribution based on your hard well data and trends. 3D models lead to better
assessments than a set of 2D interpretations.

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Petrel Reservoir Modeling Workflow
Data preparation
and interpretation

Structural framework

Well
design Facies
modeling
Upscaling &
Post-process
Petrophysical
modeling

Uncertainty analysis

Petrel workflow
Petrel supports the entire workflow:
-Data import, preparation and interpretation through structural modeling and property
modeling (both facies and petrophysical modeling).
-Model interrogation (e.g., volumetrics and uncertainty analysis).
-Upscaling properties to Simulation Grids and fluid flow simulation (with ECLIPSE and
Streamline Simulation integrated in Petrel).

A big advantage of Petrel is that the software is fast and processing can be easily repeated
as new data is acquired using the Process Manager.
Unlike applications in the past, Petrel offers an environment in which the modeled results can
evolve as new data and hypotheses become available.