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ρ Ω.cm ρ=Electrolyte Resistance (can be Soil, Fresh Water, Sea Water, etc)
I' mA/m2 I'=current density requirement
A m2 A=protected surface area
CE % CE= Coating Efficiency
Icp 0A Icp=current demand for cathodic protection
SF1 25 % SF1=Safety Factor for Current Demand
Is 0A Is=current demand (with safety factor)
Anode Type
Anode Type Name
Nf #DIV/0! anodes Nf=Required minimum number of anodes which satisfy the two calculated values of N
Nrec #DIV/0! anodes Nrec=recommended minimum number of anodes
Cable Resistance
ρc,s Ω.cm ρc,s=selected cable resistivity (usually the material used is copper)
lc,s cm lc,s=length of negative cable from the structure (negative side of voltage source-structure)
Ac,s mm2 Ac,s=cross sectional area of the cable
Rc,s #DIV/0! Ω Rc,s=resistance of negative cable from the structure
Total Resistance
RT #VALUE! Ω RT=Total resistance of Impressed Current System Electrical Circuit=R gb,re+Rs,re+Rc
e current output) [Saudi Aramco Desktop Standards: "Designing Cathodic Protection Systems"
"the total current required is usually multiplied by 120% to adequately size the anode bed" [
ss and mass of one anode) [Saudi Aramco Desktop Standards: "Designing Cathodic Protection Systems"
culated values of N
ction System Nused is based on Nrec, and also should comply the manufacturer's requirement
t is based on the Design of Cathodic Protection System
S is based on the Design of Cathodic Protection System
is 80%, CE is 0% if totally uncoated, 100% if fully coated and the structure is electrically insulated
0-02A page 2-2]
SA (ICCP) UNTUK PIPA AIR DIDALAM TANAH" page 6]
by 120% to adequately size the anode bed" [Saudi Aramco Desktop Standards: "Designing Cathodic Protection Systems" page 12]
rds: "Designing Cathodic Protection Systems" page 12]
e manufacturer's requirement
nstructions, Standards, and Techniques Volume 4-5: "Corrosion and Cathodic Protection", page 33]
ρ Ω.cm ρ=Electrolyte Resistance (can be Soil, Fresh Water, Sea Water, etc)
I' mA/m2 I'=current density requirement
A m2 A=protected surface area
CE % CE= Coating Efficiency
Icp 0A Icp=current demand for cathodic protection
SF1 25 % SF1=Safety Factor for Current Demand
Is 0A Is=current demand (with safety factor)
Anode Type
Anode Type Name
Anode Resistance
Anode Configuration
t cm t=depth below surface
S cm S=spacing between anodes
ρ 0 Ω.cm ρ=Soil or Water Resistance
L 0 cm L=length of selected anode
d 0 cm d=diameter of selected anode
Ra Anode Resistance Cannot be Specified Ω (Ra=resistance of single anode)
Cable Resistance
ρc Ω.cm ρc=selected cable resistivity (usually the material used is copper)
lc cm lc=length of negative cable from the structure (negative side of voltage source-structure)
Ac mm2 Ac=cross sectional area of the cable
Rc #DIV/0! Ω Rc=resistance of negative cable from the structure
Total Resistance
RT #DIV/0! Ω RT=Total resistance of Impressed Current System Electrical Circuit=R a,re+Rs,re+Rc
Conclusion
ction System Nd must be revised if number of anodes does not sufficient for N cd (number of anodes based
t is based on the Design of Cathodic Protection System
S is based on the Design of Cathodic Protection System
de current output)
n be known from related project document
is 80%, CE is 0% if totally uncoated, 100% if fully coated and the structure is electrically insulated
0-02A page 2-2]
SA (ICCP) UNTUK PIPA AIR DIDALAM TANAH" page 6]
ot sufficient for N cd (number of anodes based on current demand, which calculated below)
nstructions, Standards, and Techniques Volume 4-5: "Corrosion and Cathodic Protection", page 33]
fer to Reference 4
Reference 1
[https://www.snowpure.com
Reference 2
(Converted from the original source)
Current Density
Requirement
Environment (mA/m2)
min max
Soil with resistivity <1000 ohm.cm 64.58 269.10
Soil with resistivity 1000 - 10000 ohm.cm 32.29 64.58
Soil with resistivity 10000 - 30000 ohm.cm 21.53 32.29
Soil with resistivity >30000 ohm.cm 10.76 21.53
Highly aggresive soil with anaerobic bacteria 161.46 430.56
Still fresh water 21.53 43.06
Moving fresh water 43.06 64.58
Turbulent fresh water 53.82 161.46
Hot fresh water 53.82 161.46
Still seawater 10.76 32.29
Moving seawater 32.29 269.10
Concrete 5.38 16.15 [Facilities Instructions, Stan
[UFC 3-570-01 page 78]
Reference 3
[Facilities Instructions, Standards, and Techniques Volume 4-5: "Corrosion and Cathodic Protection", page 34]
Further information of coating resistance can be known from "CP 3–Cathodic Protection Technologist Course Manual" pa
Reference 4
Anode Options for Sacrificial Anode System [UFC 3-570-01 page 25]
Anode Type Suitable Environment/Condition
Used in fresh or salt water
Zinc Soil or water resistivity <= 2000 ohm.cm
In some fresh water, zinc should not be used if the temperature is >140 oF
Soil or water resistivity > 2000 ohm.cm
Magnesium
Do not use magnesium anodes for waterfront structures immersed in sea water
Aluminium Better to use in seawater, brackish water, or other low resistivity or high chloride aqueous environment
Reference 5
Anode resistances based on configuration, number of anode(s), depth below grade, and spacing between anodes
Number S=Spacing t=depth
Configuration of Formula
between anodes below
Paralelled (cm) surface (cm)
Anode(s)
unspecified t<L
1
unspecified t>L
Vertical
S≥10L unspecified
>1
S<10L unspecified
unspecified t<L
1
Horizontal
unspecified t<L
1
unspecified t>L
Horizontal
Reference 6
Material ρ @ 20oC
Steel,cast 1,611*10-7
Other resistivity references can be obtained from:eddy-curre
Reference 7
[DNV-RP-B401 page 32]
ttps://www.snowpure.com/docs/thornton-upw-resistivity-measurement.pdf]
cilities Instructions, Standards, and Techniques Volume 4-5: "Corrosion and Cathodic Protection", page 27]
on", page 34]
logist Course Manual" page 4:13 and other pages
ent/Condition
aqueous environment
able Environment/Condition
vironment
ng other structure in seawater
graphite anodes would be used for ofshore application
/PWTB/pwtb_420_49_37.pdf
between anodes
Notes
Ra = Rv,re
Ra = Ra,h
RN = R n
RN = R v
Ra = Ra,h
Ra = Ra,h
Ra = Ra,h
RN = Rgb,h
btained from:eddy-current.com/conductivity-of-metals-sorted-by-resistivity