I

Service
S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

C
Conteents
m ......................................... .............................................................. ...................................... 1 
6  Steeering system
m ................... .............................................................. ...................................... 1 
61 Oveerview of steeering system
m parts ......... .............................................................. ...................................... 3 
611 Loocation of steeering system
62 Presssure test an nt of steeringg system................................................. ...................................... 4 
nd adjustmen 4
6221 Pressure measuremen
m ystem ................................ ...................................... 4 
t of steering hydraulic sy 4
6222 Pressure adjustment
a o steering hyydraulic systtem .................................... ...................................... 5 
of
63 Prep ntenance ............................................... ...................................... 6 
paration beffore steering system main 6
nts ................ .............................................................. ...................................... 7 
64 Intrroduction to main elemen 7
6441 Steering pump
p ................................. .............................................................. ...................................... 7 
7
6442 Priority vaalve ................................... .............................................................. ...................................... 8 
8
o cylinder ........................ .............................................................. .................................... 100 
6443 Steering oil
g .................................... .............................................................. .................................... 100 
6444 Steering gear
65 Steeering system exhaust ........................... .............................................................. .................................... 122 
ult diagnosis and eliminattion of steeriing system ............................................ .................................... 13 
66 Fau
6661 Diagnosis of main faullts ................ .............................................................. .................................... 13 
6662 Example of ult eliminatioon .......................................................... .................................... 222 
o typical fau

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

6 Stteering sy
ystem
61 Ov
verview of
o steerin
ng system
m
L936/L L938 loader working hyydraulic sysstem is typee
of pilott control, an
nd correspoonding steerring system
m
is as fo
ollows (steeering pump is different accordingg
to configuration). Working pressure of o steeringg
system of domesticc resources is 14MPa, and 12MPaa
as for overseas
o resources.

(Dom
mestic resources) (Oveerseas resources)
转向油缸 Steeering cylinder
转向器 Steeering unit
接回油滤芯 芯 Connnecting oil return filterr
接多路阀 P 口 Connnecting multiple unit vvalve P port
优先阀 Prio
ority valve

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
齿轮泵 Gear pump
接压力选择
择阀 P1 口 Con
nnecting pressure selecttor valve

(mechaanical)Chinaa market

Figuree 6-1 Schem

matic figure of steering system

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

611 Location
L of
o steerin
ng system
m parts

5
4
2

Fig. 6-3 Lo
ocation of stteering syste
tem parts
1S
Steering geaar 2 Steering g cylinder 5 Hydraulic oil tank
g pump 3 Prriority valve 4 Steering
steeringg system consists of components likee
steeringg pump, priority valve, lo oad-sensingg
hydraullic steeringg gear, steeering oil cy
ylinder andd
pipelinee. See the above
a figurre for specific locationn
(only for
f diagram m reference and subjecct to actuall
object).. This system
m possessess advantagees includingg
compacct structure, high sensittivity, good
d reliability,,
flexiblee and laborr-saving opperation, absorption off
pavemeent impact anda no needd of setting lubricationn
device.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

62 Prressure test and

d adjustment off
steeriing systeem
621 Pressure
P measureement of steeringg
hydra
aulic systtem
℃.
Measurrement of oiil temperatuure: 45~55℃
Pressurre measurem
ment tool: pressure gauge
g withh
range of 40M Mpa (40330000370), pressuree
measurement jointt (41200029945), piezo
ometer tubee
(403000 00368).
Pressurre measuring
g standard: 14Mpa.
Pressurre measuring location: On oil outlett steel tube off
steering gear.
Fig. 6-5 40030000370 pressure
p gauge
Pressure meassuring proceess:
1. Lowwer the wo
orking devicce on the ground,
g pulll
up the hand brake
b and adopt woo
od block orr
stone to wedgee the tire.
2. Shu ut down thee engine, opperate the co
ontrol leverr
10 times and the steerinng wheel 5 times andd
theen release the residu dual pressu ure of thee
hyddraulic oil in
n the pipe.
3. Scrrew off the plug
p screw on the cylin
nder joint.
4. oint On oill
Insstall the prressure meeasuring jo
outtlet steel tube of steeering gearr.
Fig. 6-6 41200029445 pressure measuring
m jjoint
5. Tig
ghten the piezometer
p tube to th
he pressuree
meeasuring join
nt.
6. Connect the pressure
p gauuge to the piezometerr
tub
be.
7. Staart the engiine, turn thhe front fraame to thee
lim
miting position. When th the front fraame reachess
thee limiting po
osition, incrrease the accelerator too
thee maximum m. Observee the stablle pressuree
vallue on the oil pressurre gauge which
w is thee
currrent workinng pressuree of steering g hydraulicc
sysstem of meaasured loadeer.
Fig. 6--740300003368 piezomeetric hose

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heel Loadeer

Fig. 6--8 Pressure measuring location

622 Pressure
P adjustm
ment of steeringg
hydra
aulic systtem
After measuring
m oil
o pressure,, if the meaasured dataa
is foun
nd to be higher or low wer than th he standardd
value, adjust
a the system
s presssure. The pressure off
this steeering system is deccided by th he openingg
pressurre of safety
y valve aboove the prio ority valve..
The priiority valve is installedd at the left side of rearr
frame as
a shown in the figure.
Fig. 6-9 Loocation of priority
p valv
ve
The saffety valve ofo the prioriity valve is installed att
the sidee of oil retu
urn pipe andd can be adjdjusted afterr
the oil return
r pipe of priority vvalve is rem
moved.
1. Release the locking nut aand rotate th
he adjustingg
scrrew as show
wn in the figu
gure.

1
Fig. 6-10 L
Location of safety valve
1 Safety vaalve
2. To increase the
t pressurre, turn thee adjustingg
scrrew clockwise and theen rotate th he adjustingg
scrrew anticlo
ockwise to lower thee pressure..
Reference vallue: the reegulating variable perr
cyccle is 2Mpa. (This valuue is only fo
or referencee
andd specificc operatioon is subject s too
meeasurement)

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
Fig. 6-11 A
Adjusting sccrew
1 Adjustingg screw

Fig. 6-12 D
Direction off increasing pressure
63 Prreparatio
on beforee steering
g system
m
mainttenance
1. Preessure disch
harging
Park thhe complete machine at the flat an
nd spaciouss
ground and then turn the steeering wheeel 5-6 timess
clockwise and antiiclockwise aand then discharge thee
oil presssure in the steering sysstem.

1
Fig. 66-13
1 Steeering wheel
2. Connect the locking leever of thee frame too
preevent the reelative rotat
ation of fron
nt and rearr
frammes from damaging
d opperators.
3. Fix
x the loader tire by woood wedge bllock.
4. Preepare properr oil receiviing containeer.

1
Fig. 66-14
1 Loccking lever of
o frame

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

64 Introductiion to maain elem

ments
641 Steering pump
p
steeering pum
mp is gear pump. Th
he steeringg

pump is connected
d to the torrque extracttion port off

transmiission and will connvert the mechanicall

energy input by the

t transmiission to th
he pressuree

energy of oil and

d then inpput them in
n forms off

w to the sysstem. 。As for domesticc

pressurre and flow

L936, in
n case of beeing configur
ured with Weeichai Deutzz

engine, CBGj3100/1010-XF dupllex pump is adopted, andd

in casee of being configuredd with Yucchai engine,,

CBGj3100A steering
g pump is aadopted; as for overseass

L936, CBGj2063A
C steering
s pum
mp is adopted
d, and as forr

overseass L938, CBGjj2063 steering

ng pump is ad
dopted.

Table 6-1 Technical parameeters off

CBGj3100/1010-XF steering pum
ump

Name Paraameter

Connection
C type Rectangu
ular spline

Diirection of turning Left-han

nd turning
100/10
Theo
oretical displacement
22
200
Rated speeed
20
2
Rated presssure

Fig. 6-15 C
CBGj3100/10010-XF steerring pump

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
Table 6-2 Technical param
meter off
063A steerin
CBGj3100A/2063/20 ng pump

Name Paraameter

Connection
C type Rectangu
ular spline

Diirection of turning
t Left-han
nd turning
100//63/63
Nom
minal displaacement
22
200
Rated speeed
20
2
Rated pressure

Fig. 6-16CBGj3100A/22063/2063Astteering pum

mp
642 Priority
P valve
This stteering sysstem adoptss VLH-240S S-14(CHINA A
VLE-150) priority valve. Th he priority valve is a
differen
ntial stress componentt. No matteer how thee
load prressure and d the oil suupply in thee oil pumpp
change, the prioriity valve ccan still maintain
m thee
ntial pressu
differen ure on both th ends off adjustablee
orifice in the steering gear annd then ensu
ure the flow
w
supplied to the steering gear eequal to thee product off
steering
g wheel speed and steerring gearr
displaceement.
P port of
o priority valve
v conneccts with oil outlet hosee
of steerring pump, CF port coonnects witth P port off
steering
g unit, EF port connnects with P port off
multiple unit valve (EF port of overseaas resourcess
connectts with trannsmission ooil radiatorr), LS portt
connectts with LS port of steeering unit and T portt
connectts with hydrraulic oil tannk.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Fig. 6-19 E
External vieew of prioritty valve VLH
H-240S-14
1 T port 2 Safety valve 3 LS port 4 EF port 5 P port 6 CF
C port

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

1 2 3 4 5 6

Fig. 6-19 E
External vieew of prioritty valve VLEE-150
1 T port 2 P port 3 saffety valve 4 EF port 5 L
LS port 6 CF
F port

Table 6-5
6 Technicaal parameterr of priority
y valve
(Eton)

Name Parameteer
240/150
0
Nom
minal flow
14/12
Saafety valve
pressure
p
6.9
Conttrol pressuree

Signal SStatic state signal

s

Fig. 6-20 P
Priority valvve diagram

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
643 Steeering oil cy
ylinder
The steeering oil cylinder
c cann convert th he pressuree
energy of liquid to the m mechanical energy inn
reciproccating rectillinear moveement. The steering oill
cylindeer is fixed on the fraame by piv vot and thee
contracction of oill cylinder achieves th he steeringg
functionn of vehiclee. The steeriing oil cylin
nder mainlyy
consistss of cylindeer body, pistton rod, cyllinder head,,
piston and
a seal kit of oil cylinnder.

Fig. 6-21
6 Structuure chart off steering cylinder
1 Piiston rod 2 Cylinderr head 3 Cylinder bo
ody 4 Piiston
644 Steeering gearr
This machine
m adopts BZZ6-6330A static state signall
load seensing flow amplificatition hydraulic steeringg
gear off which the appearance
a and interior schematicc
diagramm is as show
wn below.

Fig. 6-22 Externnal view of BZZ6-630Asteering

s geaar
1 LS po
ort 2 L poort 3 T port
p 4 R port
p 5 P port

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
Main teechnical parameters of ssteering geaar
Table 6-77

Model BZZ6-630A

Connection
n type British inv
volute splinee

Equivalent displacement 630/5

500ml/r

Max
ximum inlett pressure 17.2MPa

Maxim
mum contin
nuous back 1.0
0MPa
pressure

Oveerload valve pressure 20

0MPa

Steering torque 1.7-2.8Nm

Am
mplification
n factor 1.6

Fig. 6-233 Steering gear

g diagram
m
P port of steering unitt connects with
w CF porrt of priority y valve, L and
a R portss connect with
w steeringg
cylinder reespectively, oil liquid of
o T port retturns to oil tank upon oil return ffilter. LS po
ort connectss
with LS poort of prioritty valve preeferentially, and steerin
ng unit splin
ne connects with steerin
ng post.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

65 Steering sy
ystem exxhaust
After replacing steering ppump, steeering gear,,
priority
y valve, steeering cylinnder and hy ydraulic oill
pipe inn the steerin
ng circuit, eexhaust thee gas in thee
steeringg system based on folloowing meth hods:
1. Park the loader at tthe right maintenance
m e
position and
a then opeen the fillerr cap of thee
hydraulic oil tank.
1. Start the engine and mmake the eng gine idle forr
several minutes.
m Pay attention to o not usingg
any hydrau ulic functionn during this process.
2. After the hydraulic oil in thee hydraulicc
system is circulated ffully, turn the
t steeringg
ghtly severall times. Pay attention too
wheel slig
keeping thhe steering cylinder not move too
the end.
3. Keep the engine
e idling
ng and carefuully turn thee
steering wheel
w to makke the steeriing cylinderr
with full travel stretcch forth annd back 3-55
times so as
a to exhaustt the air in the
t pipeline..
When neccessary, rem move the oil inlet
i pipe orr
1 the oil reeturn pipe oof steering cylinder too
Fig. 6--24 make the hydraulic oil overflow w so as too
1 Fillinng filter elem
ment complete the full exhaust off hydraulicc
cylinder. Pay attentioon to not making
m thee
hydraulic system stor ore pressure during thee
exhaust.
4. After the exhaust, seet the machine and thee
working device at the standarrd positionn
and then check
c the oiil and tighteen the fillerr
cap.
5. Stop the engine andd check an nd confirm
m
whether the
t hydrauulic pipelin
ne has anyy
leakage.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

66 Fa ault dia
agnosis aand elim
mination
n
of steeering sy
ystem
661 Dia
agnosis of main
m faultss
Table 6-8 F
Fault cause of heavy steering
N
Fault cause
c Refference diag
gram of faullt location Remark
R
o.

Thee damaged one-way

o
valvve in the steeering gear
1
bloccks the entrance of
steeering gear.

Thee steering geear stalls an

nd
This stteering gearr
turnns to the onee-way valvee.
2 does no ot have the
Thee stuck steell ball cannot
one-waay valve.
reseet.

LS ppipe of prioority valve

twissts together or is too
3
longg. The dampping hole iss
bloccked or has oil leakagee.

Thee steering coolumn is

4 dammaged and thhe rotating
torqque is excesssive.

Thee joint part between

b
steeering colummn and
steeering gear has
5 inteerference annd produces
axiaal or radial force
f to the
steeering gear affter
asseembly.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
Table 6-9 F
Fault cause of heavy steering (conntinued)

No. Faault cause Referencce diagram of

o fault locaation Remark

The pressure of priority

p
valve andd the ov verflow
valve is low
l or thee main
valve elemment is stu uck or
6 the dam mping holle is
blocked. The main valve
element off priority valve
v is
stuck or the elasticcity of
main sprinng is smallerr.

The presssure of ov verload

7 valve in coombination valves
of steeringg gear is low
w.

The oil return fillter is

8
blocked.

The pump is worn seriously

or damageed. The volu umetric
9 efficiency,, pressure or
o flow
cannot meet system
requiremennts.

The blockked location n in the

whole s
steering system
10
pipeline will
w cause serious
s
throttle andd heavy steeering.

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heel Loadeer
Table 6-100 Fault causee of vehiclee deviation

No. Faault cause R

Reference diagram
d of fault
f locatioon Remark
R

Check whhether the oiil

1
cylinder is loosened.

The oil cyylinder has

2
leakage.

Two tires have largerr

3
pressure difference.
d

One side of
o two-way y
overload valve
v or
4 two-way oil
o
supplemenntary valve has
leakage.

5 The oil haas air.

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heel Loadeer
Table 6-11 Fault causee of inaccurrate steeringg

No. Fauult cause Refference diag

gram of fault location Rem
mark

1 The system
m has air.

The pin off oil cylinder is

2
loosened.

3 Thermal shhock.

The main valve

v elemeent
4
of priority valve is stu
uck.

The oil cyllinder has

5
leakage.

The low effficiency off

6 pump causses unstablee
pressure.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
Table 6-122 Fault causee of that thee steering w
wheel has no
o pressure orr the tumbleer does not move

No. Fauult cause Refference diag

gram of fault location Rem
mark

The nuts on
o the steerin
ng
1 column annd steering
wheel fall off.

The joint between

b thee
steering coolumn spind dle
2
and the steeering gear
valve elem
ment fall offf.

The level of
o oil tank is
3
lower.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer
Table 6-13 Fault causee of that thee tumbler dooes not mov
ve or movess slowly

No. Fauult cause Refference diag

gram of fault location Rem
mark

Two-way overload
o vaalve
or two-wayy oil
1
supplemenntary valve has
h
serious leaakage.

The oil cyllinder piston

n
2
has seriouss leakage.

Table 6-144 Fault causee of idle stro

oke in the ssteering wheeel

No. Fauult cause Refference diag

gram of fault location Rem
mark

The nut onn the steerin

ng
1
wheel is looosened.

The joint between

b thee
steering coolumn and the
2
steering geear is worn
seriously or
o damaged..

3 The oil hass air.

Two-way overload
o vaalve
and two-w
way oil
4
supplemenntary valve
have leakaage.

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heel Loadeer

5 Oil cylindeer has leakaage.

The conneection betweeen

the oil cyliinder and th
he
6 steering linnkage has laarge
wear clearance or is
damaged.

Table 6-15 Fault causee of abnorm

mal return orr driven turn
ning

No. Fauult cause Refference diag

gram of fault location Rem
mark

The steerinng column and

a
the steering gear are
1
connected tightly or
unsmoothlly.

Larger oil return

2 back-presssure can cau
use
poor returnn.

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S Maanual of Wh
heel Loadeer

The large contaminati

c ion
particles enntering
between thhe valve
3
element annd the valvee
sleeve can cause
non-returnn.

The springg strip of

4 steering geear is damag ged
or has smaaller elasticiity.

Table 6-166 Fault causee of steering

g wheel vibbrating or ro
otating autom
matically

No. Fauult cause Refference diag

gram of fault location Rem
mark

The assem mbly relation n is

wrong. Duuring the
overhaul and
a re-assem mbly,
the spline tooth
t
1 correspondding to the pin
p
pulling sloot corresponnds
to the interrnal spline tooth
t
cavity of rotor tooth
cavity.

Connect thhe oil inlet to

t R
or L port and
a then thee
2 steering motor
m in the
steering geear can rotatte
automaticaally.

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heel Loadeer
Table 6-177 Other faultts

Fault Reference
R diiagram of fa
fault
Faultt cause Remark
phenommenon locaation

Not working for a long

N
At the staarting,
timme, the steeering gear
short-timee
ellements hav ve larger
inflexiblee
teemperature difference w with
steering.
syystem oil.

The steeriing
T system has
The h air.
cylinder ccrawls.

The tumbbler and

the steerinng
R and L portts are inverssely
wheel havve
coonnected.
opposite
directionss.

The steeriing
The one-way
T y valve in thhe
wheel
stteering gearr is damagedd.
reboundds.

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 Service M
Manual of Wheel Loader

6622 Example off typical faullt elimination

Faullt 1: Heavy steerring

Cause Measure

Yes
The oil cylinder crawls and the
hydrauliic oil has foam and
irregulaar noise.
Exhau ust the air in the system,
The system m has air, the checkk the oil inlet pipe, check
manual stteering one-way whethher the steel ball is stuck,
Yes valve loses efficacy, FK
The steeering is heavy and the replacce KF combination valve
steeringg cylinder has no power. overload hass leakage and the and check whether the oil
oil cylinder has
h inner leakage. der has inner leakage.
cylind

Yes
Check whether the
steering column is
Make flexible.
the No No
judgmen Whether the system Check whether the Yes
t based pressure is in feedback oil pipe is The pipeline is blocked. Clean or replace.
on fault conformity with smooth.
phenome requirements.
No No
non The spring of priority valve Clean, repair or replace.
Whether the direction is Adjust system pressure and
check whether the pressure breaks off orr the valve element is
heavy durring the quick turn.
changes. stuck.
Yes

No The systeem pressure is low. Adju

ust the system pressure to the
specified value.
Yes
Whether the level of hhydraulic The level of
o hydraulic oil is Fill the
t oil to the specified
oil is lower. low range.
No
Yes The pipelline is blocked. Clean or replace.
Whether the oil suction
pipe is blocked.

No
The steerin
ng pump is worn. Repair or replace.

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Manual of Wheel Loader

Faullt 2: The steeringg has no ending point

After the steeering cylinder turrns to the limitingg Countermeaasures

Cause
position andd turn the steerring wheel hardd
continuously, the steering wheeel can turn slightlyy The presssure of overload Properly increase thee
and have no feeeling of ending po
oint. valve is lo
ow pressure of overload valve

Faullt 3: The steeringg cylinder canno

ot turn to the lim
miting position.

Causse Counteermeasures
The steeringg cylinder cannot turn to the limitinng
position andd the steering is heaavy. The pressure
p of safetty Properly increase the
valvee is low. pressure of safety
valve.

23