 NAME : VAISHNAVI KUMARI

 CLASS : XII ‘A’

 SUBJECT : PHYSICS
 TOPIC : WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
  CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT VAISHNAVI KUMARI

HAS SATISFACTORY COMPLETED THE PHYSICS PROJECT PRESCRIBED BY AISSCE
COURSE IN THE LABORATORY OF THE SCHOOL IN THE YEAR
2017-2018

 SIGNATURE OF THE INTERNAL EXAMINER:

 SIGNATURE OF THE EXTERNAL EXAMINER:

 SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE :

 SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

 ROLL NO. OF STUDENT:

 DATE OF EXAMINATIONS:
 INDEX

i. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii. CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
iii. INTRODUCTION
iv. BASIC CONCEPT
v. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
vi. HOW IT WORKS ??
vii.BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 I WOULD LIKE TO OWE THE SENSE OF
GRATITUDE TO OUR PHYSICS TEACHER
MR. DP ROY FOR HIS CONSISTENT GUIDANCE,
SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGEMENT WITHOUT
WHICH THIS PROJECT WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO
EXIST IN PRESENT STATE.

I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MY FRIEND FOR

HER HELP IN ORDER TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT.
 INTRODUCTION

 WATER TANK OVERFLOW IS A COMMON PROBLEM
WHICH LEADS TO WASTAGE OF WATER. THOUGH
THERE ARE MANY SOLUTIONS TO IT LIKE BALL
VALVES WHICH AUTOMATICALLY STOP THE
WATER FLOW ONCE THE TANK GETS FULL. BUT
BEING AN ELECTRONICS ENTHUSIASTIC ONE
WOULD NOT LIKE AN ELECTRONIC SOLUTION FOR
IT.SO HERE IS A SIMPLE AND HANDY PROJECT
THAT WILL GUIDE YOU TO MAKE A CIRCUIT
WHICH WILL DETECT THE WATER LEVEL AND
WILL RAISE AN ALARM UPON GETTING THE TANK
FILLED.
 BASIC CONCEPT

 THIS SIMPLE TRANSISTOR BASED WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR CIRCUIT IS VERY USEFUL TO INDICATE
THE WATER LEVELS IN A TANK. WHENEVER TANK
GETS FILLED, WE GET ALERTS ON PARTICULAR
LEVELS. HERE , I HAVE CREATED THREE LEVELS
(LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH), IF WANTED MORE LEVELS
CAN BE MADE. I HAVE ADDED 2 LEDs TO INDICATE
INITIAL TWO LEVELS (A,B) AND ONE BUZZER TO
INDICATE HIGH LEVEL (C). WHEN TANK GETS
FILLED COMPLETELY WE GET BEEP SOUND FROM
THE BUZZER.
 HOW IT WORKS ??

 WE CAN CONSIDER THIS WHOLE SITUATION AS
THREE SMALL CIRCUITS , EACH ONE INDICATING /
ALARMING A PARTICULAR LEVEL (A,B,C) OF
WATER.
 WHEN WATER LEVEL REACHES TO POINT A ,
CIRCUIT WITH RED LED AND TRANSISTOR Q1 GETS
COMPLETED AND RED LED GLOWS . SIMILARLY
WHEN WATER LEVEL REACHES TO POINT B ,
CIRCUIT WITH YELLOW LED GLOWS. AND FINALLY
TANK GETS FULL (POINT C) , CIRCUIT WITH
BUZZER GETS COMPLETED AND BUZZER STARTS
BEEPING.
 HERE I USED TRANSISTOR (NPN TYPE)AS A SWITCH.
INITIALLY THERE IS NO VOLTAGE APPLIED TO
THE BASE TRANSISTOR Q1 AND THE TRANSISTOR
IS IN OFF STATE AND NO CURRENT IS FLOWING
THROUGH COLLECTOR AND EMITTER AND LED
IS OFF.

WHEN THE WATER LEVEL REACHES THE POINT A
IN THE TANK , THE POSITIVE SIDE OF BATTERY
GETS CONNECTED TO THE BASE OF TRANSISTOR
Q1 , IT GETS INTO ON STATE AND CURRENT
STARTS FLOWING FROM COLLECTOR TO EMITTER
AND RED LED STARTS GLOWING.
SAME PHENOMENON HAPPENS WHEN WATER
LEVEL REACHES TO POINT B , A POSITIVE
VOLTAGE GETS APPLIED TO THE TRANSISTOR Q2 ,
IT GETS ON AND CURRENT STARTS FLOWING
THROUGH YELLOW LED AND LED GLOWS. AND
FINALLY BUZZER BEEPS WHEN WATER LEVEL
REACHES TO D.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 MY N.C.E.R.T TEXTBOOK ( CLASS XII)

 WIKIPEDIA

 GOOGLE

 REFERENCE BOOK (CLASS XII)

 MY PHYSICS TEACHER MR. DP ROY SIR

 MY BROTHER