Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Licensee
"PT Prestress Construction Indonesia
Jl. Pulau Andalas Raya Blok A1/1
Pulo Gebang Permai
Cakung Jak
10379063101111WPN1
Input
General
Design Code List Indonesia - ACI-318*SAVED*
Material List Indonesia - Indonesia Materials*SAVED*
Reinforcement Type List Bonded Post-Tensioned
Member Type List Beam
Panel Type List Internal
Strip Type List One way - Nominal Width
Column Stiffness List Equivalent Column
Concrete - Spanning Members List 45MPa
Concrete - Columns List 45MPa
Top Reinforcement Cover mm 40
Bottom Reinforcement Cover mm 40
Top Reinforcement Axis Depth Limit mm 30
Bottom Reinforcement Axis Depth Limit mm 30
Concrete Unit Weight kn/m3 25
Self Weight Definition List User Defined
Pattern Live Load Y/N N
Earthquake Design List None
Moment Redistribution % 0
Design Surface Levels List Extreme Surfaces
Span
Span Span Slab Panel Panel
Length Depth Width Width
Left Right
mm mm mm mm
LE 350
1 5400 120 3400 3400
2 10800 120 3400 3400
3 10800 120 3400 3400
4 10800 120 3400 3400
5 10800 120 3400 3400
RE 350
Columns
Column Column Support Column Column Column Column Column Column Transverse Capital Depth Pin Percentage Braced
Grid Type Height Width Length Height Width Length Column below Base Column frame
Reference Above Above Above below below below spacing deepest below Stiffness at this
section column
A List mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Y/N % Y/N
1 1 Column 5800 1200 700 5800 1200 700 3400 0 N 100 Y
2 2 Column 5800 1200 700 5800 1200 700 3400 0 N 100 Y
3 3 Column 5800 1200 700 5800 1200 700 3400 0 N 100 Y
4 4 Column 5800 1200 700 5800 1200 700 3400 0 N 100 Y
5 5 Column 5800 1200 700 5800 1200 700 3400 0 N 100 Y
6 6 Column 5800 1200 700 5800 1200 700 3400 0 N 100 Y
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 2/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:54:32 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Column Column Punching Transverse Transverse
Shortening Shear effective prestress
Restrained Check depth (P/A)
required difference
Y/N Y/N mm MPa
1 N Y 0 0
2 N Y 0 0
3 N Y 0 0
4 N Y 0 0
5 N Y 0 0
6 N Y 0 0
Beams
Beam Beam Beam Beam Effective
Number Depth Width Width Flange
at Width
Slab
mm mm mm mm
1 500 600 600 1350
2 500 600 600 2520
3 500 600 600 2520
4 500 600 600 2520
5 500 600 600 2520
Transverse Beams
Column Transverse Transverse Transverse
Beam Type Beam Beam
Depth Width
List mm mm
1 beam 700 350
2 beam 700 350
3 beam 700 350
4 beam 700 350
5 beam 700 350
6 beam 700 350
Load Cases
Load Load Type Load Definition Live Load Description
Case Deflection
Case
List List Y/N A
1 Self Weight Moment/Shear Diagram SW
2 Initial Dead Load Moment/Shear Diagram SDL
3 Live Load Moment/Shear Diagram N LL
4 Earthquake Load Moment/Shear Diagram EQX
5 Wind Load Moment/Shear Diagram EQZ
kNm 1 2 3 4 5 6
-100
-50
50
100
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Moment
kN 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
-5
-10
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Shear
1 2 3 4 5 6
kNm
-200
-100
100
200
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Moment
kN 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
-5
-10
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Shear
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 10/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:55:09 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Load Case 3 : 3. Live Load
kNm 1 2 3 4 5 6
-100
-50
50
100
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Moment
kN 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
-5
-10
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Shear
1 2 3 4 5 6
kNm
-200
-100
100
200
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Moment
kN 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
-5
-10
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Shear
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 11/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:55:14 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Load Case 5 : 5. Wind Load
kNm 1 2 3 4 5 6
-80
-40
40
80
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Moment
kN 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
-5
-10
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Shear
Prestress
Tendon Normal or Steel Steel Prestress Prestress Number Number Spacing Top Bottom Left Distance to
upside down Type Diameter Type Anchorage of of of Cover Cover Anchorage left
profiles Size Strands Tendons tendons to to Duct Reference anchorage
Duct Column from column
List List List List List List #.# mm mm mm # mm
1 Strand 12.7mm MultiStrand 19 15 1 40 32 1 5050
Tendon 1 : - Details
Reverse Curve at Left Anchorage Y/N Y
Reverse Curve at Right Anchorage Y/N Y
Percentage Jacking Force % 70
Tendon 1 : - 1 - 15/12.7
mm
0
15
-200
-400
-600
350cl
1 2
305
250
175
120
135
190
265
85
60
55
65
90
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 13/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:55:23 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
-200
-400
-600
3 4
325
265
190
130
130
190
265
325
265
190
130
90
65
55
65
90
90
65
55
0
15
-200
-400
-600
350cl
5 6
130
190
265
325
265
185
125
100
150
220
305
325
65
90
85
60
55
70
Reinforcement
Reinforcement Reinforcement Preferred Number
Use Type Bar Size of Legs
List List #
Flexural Bar D 400MPa
Flexural Mesh MD-150 500MPa
Shear Option 1 D 400MPa 10 2
Shear Option 2 D 400MPa 12 2
Shear Option 3 D 400MPa 13 2
Punching Shear D 400MPa 16 2
Reinforcement
Maximum Minimum Minimum Minimum Span Minimum Span Infill Stagger
Bar Bar Continuous Reinforcement Reinforcement Bars Bars
Spacing Spacing Reinforcement into End into Internal
Support Support
mm mm #.# #.# #.# Y/N Y/N
Support Reinforcement 300 60 0 N N
Span Reinforcement 300 60 0 0 N N
Design Data
Capacity Reduction factor (phi) for Flexure #.# 0.9
Capacity Reduction factor (phi) for Shear #.# 0.75
Material Factor for Concrete in Flexure #.# 1
Material Factor for Concrete in Shear #.# 1
Material Factor for Reinforcement #.# 1
Maximum Ratio of Neutral Axis Depth for Ductility #.# 0
Ductility Limit - Strain #.# 0.005
Ductility Check at Left End Column Y/N Y
Ductility Check at Right End Column Y/N Y
Minimum Reinforcement Strength Limit - #.## x M* #.# 0
Flexural Critical Section - Consider Transverse Beams Y/N Y
Flexural Critical Section - Distance from centre of Support #.# -1
Beam Left Sideface Cover (Internal) mm 25
Beam Right Sideface cover mm 40
Prestress Minimum Reinforcement Basis List Program Default
Shear Enhancement at Supports Y/N N
Ast Value in Shear Calculations List Calculated
Limit Reinforcement Strain Y/N N
Beam Shear Critical Section Location List Code Critical Section
Material Properties
Concrete
Description 45MPa
Characteristic Compressive Strength 45
Mean Compressive Strength 51.33
Lower Characteristic Tensile Strength 4.02
Upper Characteristic Tensile Strength 7.24
Concrete Density 2447
Design Concrete Modulus 34916.1
Mean Concrete Modulus 37289.3
Basic Shrinkage Strain 780
Shrinkage Multiplier 1
Basic Creep Factor 2.25
Concrete Strain at Peak Stress 0.002
Squash Load Factor 0.85
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 15/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:55:33 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Prestress Strand
Diameter Area Breaking 0.2% 1% Breaking Design Elastic Plastic Basic Weight Material Material Material
Load Proof Stress Strain Strain Modulus Modulus Relaxation Factor Factor Capacity
Stress Limit Flexure Shear Reduction
Factor - Flexure
12.7 98.7 184 85 82 0.06 90 1.95e5 2200 2.5 0.77 -1 -1 -1
Bonded Multistrand
Anchorage Description Transfer Anchor Draw-in Maximum Set as
Size Concrete Friction Jacking default
Strength Force
19 PCI 30 3 6 75 N
Reinforcement Bar
Designation Type Yield Elastic Ductility Peak Peak Design Material Material Material Material Capacity Include as
Stress Modulus Strain Stress Strain Factor Factor Capacity Reduction Factor Flexural
Limit Flexure Shear Reduction - Shear Reinforcement for
Factor - Flexure Shear
D Deformed 400 2.05e5 N 0.05 570 90 -1 -1 -1 -1 Y
Description
BJTD40
1 2 3 4 5 6
mm
0
-200
-400
-600
Plan view
mm 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1600
-800
800
1600
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
mm 1 2 3 4 5 6
6000
3000
-3000
-6000
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Warnings
Input
Warning:No Live Load Case defined for deflection calculations.
Output
Warning:SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing There have been problems in determining a bar size to satisfy the design spacing
requirements. See Detailed Reinforcement Design Comments.
Warning:SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing There have been problems in determining a bar size to satisfy the design spacing requirements. See
Detailed Reinforcement Design Comments.
Error:Column Reaction greater than Punching Shear capacity without shear head at section at column at at least one column. Further action
is up to the designer.
Frame Properties
Span 1
Length mm 350 350 4700 350
Inertia mm4 2.12e10 2.12e10 8.86e9 2.12e10
Area mm2 3.9e5 3.9e5 3.9e5 3.9e5
Span 2
Length mm 350 10100 350
Inertia mm4 2.68e10 1.12e10 2.68e10
Area mm2 5.3e5 5.3e5 5.3e5
Span 3
Length mm 350 10100 350
Inertia mm4 2.68e10 1.12e10 2.68e10
Area mm2 5.3e5 5.3e5 5.3e5
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 17/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:55:43 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Span 4
Length mm 350 10100 350
Inertia mm4 2.68e10 1.12e10 2.68e10
Area mm2 5.3e5 5.3e5 5.3e5
Span 5
Length mm 350 10100 350 350
Inertia mm4 2.68e10 1.12e10 2.68e10 2.68e10
Area mm2 5.3e5 5.3e5 5.3e5 5.3e5
Column Members
Col Area Inertia Area Inertia
No. Above Above Below Below
# mm2 mm4 mm2 mm4
1 8.4e5 4.18e10 8.4e5 4.27e10
2 8.4e5 4.19e10 8.4e5 4.27e10
3 8.4e5 4.19e10 8.4e5 4.27e10
4 8.4e5 4.19e10 8.4e5 4.27e10
5 8.4e5 4.19e10 8.4e5 4.27e10
6 8.4e5 4.18e10 8.4e5 4.27e10
Prestress
Tendon Forces
Tendon 1 : - Gross Extension: 226.2mm - 1 - 15/12.7
1 2 3 4 5 6
kN
110
90
89.6 90.8
80.3
70
71.3
66.2
50
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Tendon Actions
Forces from Tendon Profiles - Tendon 1 - 1 - 15/12.7
1 2 3 4 5 6
kN/m
280
210
140
70
0
0 18 5400 -18.6 16200 -21 27000 -23.4 37800 -24.7 48600mm
1 2 3 4 5 6
kN
40
30
20
10
0
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 18/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:55:47 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Secondary Forces
Tendon 1 :
Span End Tendon Centroid e Peff. MTotal MSec Reaction Transfer
No. Depth Depth Factor
# A mm mm mm kN kNm kNm kN #.#
1 Left 0 0 0 0 4.99 -4.99 2.88 0
1 Right 150 206.2 56.2 1031.27 65.41 7.5 -2.88 0
2 Left 150 167.5 17.5 1031.27 -151.87 133.86 1.66 0
2 Right 150 167.5 17.5 1137.08 168.45 148.59 -1.66 0
3 Left 150 167.5 17.5 1137.08 -181.08 161.22 0.11 0
3 Right 150 167.5 17.5 1274.31 184.66 162.41 -0.11 0
4 Left 150 167.5 17.5 1274.31 -202 179.74 0.25 0
4 Right 150 167.5 17.5 1352.66 205.69 182.06 -0.25 0
5 Left 150 167.5 17.5 1352.66 -219.57 195.95 -4.48 0
5 Right 150 167.5 17.5 1361.41 179.04 155.26 4.48 0
Bending Moments
Load Combinations
Service
1 2 3 4 5 6
kNm
-600
-400
-200
2.33 47.5 -197
0 -126 78.4 -160 -154 102 -157
-22.9 165
-4.04 8.7 -14.3 -14.2
200
400
600
1 2 3 4 5 6
kN
160 113
120 90.9 101 87.8
80
40 2.71 2.71
0
-40
-80
-120 -87.8 -100
-160 -112 -120
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Transfer Prestress
1 2 3 4 5 6
kNm
-600
-400
-200 -57.1 -55.4 -24.8 -54.2
2.78
0
-4.84 10.4
200 75.4 131 66.2 91.9 104 83.6
153 160
400
600
1 2 3 4 5 6
kN
160 121 134
111 104
120
80
40 3.25 3.25
0
-40
-80
-120
-107 -120
-160 -133 -142
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Shear
Flexural Design
Ultimate
1 2 3 4 5 6
mm2
1328
1600 340 419 262 341 309
1200
800
400
0
-400
-800
-1200 914 0 281 0 230
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Reinforcement Top Total Bottom Total Top Ultimate Bottom Ultimate Min Top Min Bot
1 2 3 4 5 6
kNm
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
1 2 3 4 5 6
0.382
0.377
0.374
0.371
0.369
0.364
0.6
0.37
0.294
0.5
0.4
0.069
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.021
-0.1
0.097
0.097
-0.2
0.209
0.216
-0.3
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
MPa 1 2 3 4 5 6 MPa
-4 -0.28 0 -0.79 -2.18 -0.38 -40
-2 -20
0 0
2 20
4 40
6 60
8 80
0.2 5.63 7.99 7.17 7.06
10 100
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Gross Stress Top Gross Stress Bottom Cracked Compression Axial Prestress Reinforcement Tension
MPa 1 2 3 4 5 6 MPa
-4 -0.28 0 -0.79 -2.18 -0.38 -40
-2 -20
0 0
2 20
4 40
6 60
8 80
0.2 5.63 7.99 7.17 7.06
10 100
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Gross Stress Top Gross Stress Bottom Cracked Compression Axial Prestress Reinforcement Tension
Transfer Prestress
Maximum Moment Condition
MPa 1 2 3 4 5 6 MPa
-3 -0.33 -1.35 -1.75 0 -1.62 -30
-2 -20
-1 -10
0 0
1 10
2 20
3 30
4 40
5 50
6 0.24 4.46 5.06 4.62 5.5 60
0 5400 16200 27000 37800 48600mm
Gross Stress Top Gross Stress Bottom Cracked Compression Limits Reinforcement Tension
Span 2
Design Comments:-
- Tension stress in concrete at transfer but within code limits. Consideration should be given to providing crack control reinforcement at the
tension face.
Span 3
Design Comments:-
- TRANSFER - Tension stress in concrete violates code limits. Cracked Section check carried out to check reinforcement stresses and at
least minimum reinforcement added for crack control. RAPT has added the amount of reinforcement required to limit the stress in the
reinforcement. ACI 318-05 cl.18.4.1(b)
Span 5
Design Comments:-
- TRANSFER - Tension stress in concrete violates code limits. Cracked Section check carried out to check reinforcement stresses and at
least minimum reinforcement added for crack control. RAPT has added the amount of reinforcement required to limit the stress in the
reinforcement. ACI 318-05 cl.18.4.1(b)
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: SOHO Pancoran Page 21/25
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 03/09/2014 17:56:02 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Frame Description: PCi-10A
Detailed Reinforcement
Span 1
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Design Comments:-
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 2 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing - Span 1 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It will be
necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- Span - 1 - Reinforcement added at left contraflexure point for Offset of Bending Moment Diagram for Shear - 6.43mm2
- Span - 1 - Reinforcement added at right contraflexure point for Offset of Bending Moment Diagram for Shear - 6.43mm2
Span 2
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Design Comments:-
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 2 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 3 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
Span 3
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Design Comments:-
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 3 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 4 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing - Span 3 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It will be
necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
Span 4
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Design Comments:-
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 4 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 5 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
Span 5
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Design Comments:-
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 5 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 6 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing - Span 5 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It will be
necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
Reinforcement Layout
1 2 3 4 5 6
3-D25
1-D25
1-D25
1-D25
1-D25
1-D25
mm
0
-200
-400
2-D25
1-D25
1-D25
-600
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 2 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing - Span 1 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It will be
necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
Design Comments:-
- Span - 1 - Reinforcement added at left contraflexure point for Offset of Bending Moment Diagram for Shear - 6.43mm2
- Span - 1 - Reinforcement added at right contraflexure point for Offset of Bending Moment Diagram for Shear - 6.43mm2
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 2 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 3 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 3 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 4 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing - Span 3 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It will be
necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 4 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 5 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 5 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SUPPORT Reinforcing Bar Spacing - Column Grid 6 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It
will be necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.
- SPAN Reinforcing Bar spacing - Span 5 - Smallest preferred reinforcement size requires bar spacing larger than maximum. It will be
necessary to use smaller bars than the preferred minimum size or a larger area of reinforcement than is required by design.