PTN (Packet Transport Network)

Interoperability Test——ITU-T G.8113.1 OAM

Part I
ITU-T packet transport network technology and OAM
mechanism overview
Course Objectives:
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
• Know the technical development, applications and progress of PTN in China
• Apply OAM mechanism in Packet Transport Network
• Understand the basic features and functions of ITU-T Y.1731 (Ethernet OAM)
and G.8113.1(MPLS-TP OAM for PTN)
• Learn the test methodologies for ITU-T G.8113.1 C&I
Agenda

Services Driven Evolution to Packet Transport Network

Why Packet Networks Need the OAM Mechanism?

Introduction of ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731 and G.8113.1

PTN Standardization and Deployment Progress in China

Network evolution is driven by services

PB/month
2.6 times
2.4times
12.6times
Cloud Services
CAGR：21％

CAGR：20％
CAGR：66％
Mobile Internet Future IP Data bandwidth forecast Source: CISCO VNI 2013

Beyond 100G

400GE

Internet of Things
Intelligent City
2016?
Intelligent Home Network Source:OFC 4
All services transformed to IP-based

VoIP & Internet Vedio Traditional Services transformed to IP-based or

vanished gradually.
 PSTN to Soft-switch or IMS;
3G  TDM Voice changed to VoIP
Business Customer  GSM is vanished gradually.
leased Line  TDM N*64K and E1 leased line decreased dramatically
IP
LTE & Wifi

Broad-band
Home network
 New Services are born as IP-based.
 Since 3GPP R7, packet domain was introduced.
 LTE EPC are all IP based.
Internet Data center Video Surveillance  All kind of video services are IP-based or internet
video.
Advantages of IP-based services trend  Ethernet L2VPN Services are booming.
 Keep network protocol simple
 Reduce CAPEX and OPEX
 Easy to provide converged multi-services .

5
Global IP Trend Progress Challenged
Operators’ Existing Network

IP service dominated Cloud computing and big data

in the Network Traffic driving all-around speedup
3000

2500
10M

2000

1500

6M-10M 20M-100M-1000M 1000

Service application:
2M Service application:  Telepresence 500
 OA  Collaborative office
 Video surveillance  Video conference
Service application:
 Web Services 0
Voice and fax
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
TDM Service Diversified IP based Customized Video
services Services E1 FE STM-1 GE Source: NTT

Bandwidth & QoS Interfaces: TDM to Ethernet & IP

Optical Network is the foundation for
Information Society

Optical network is 30% of network CAPEX

 the high speed highway to promote the development of information consumption.

 the best technical solution to realize high-speed broadband access network

 the mobile backhaul network supporting the development of mobile Internet

The Technical Development History of
Optical Network

Capacity
WDM/OTN
PTN(MPLS-TP )

SDH MSTP/MSPP
PDH
Time
1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Chinese Operators' Metro Optical Transport
Network in 2008’s

Access Aggregate SDH Metro Core

E1
SDH Ring
SDH Ring

MSTP
Wireless E1 RNC GGSN
FE
Node-B SDH Ring
SGSN
WiMAX SDH Ring 3G Core
FE

Voice
FTTx
GE Ethernet Switch
Data BRAS
DSL
N x GE
IP/MPLS

DSLAM Service Router

N x GE

Business
Customers
Video

9
Limitations of SDH/MSTP in Packet Era

SDH hard pipe for Packet service flow model

burst services
SPOP
3G/HSxPA

Downtown
LTE/Wimax
Fiber RNC
3G/HSxPA
CBD
RNC
LTE/Wimax

3G/HSxPA RNC
Residential
LTE/Wimax …
Only hard pipes, with low bandwidth efficiency for Soft pipe, idle bandwidth sharing and statistics reuse
unexpected services
VC12 Tun1
Tun2
SDH VC12 MPLS-TP Tun3
VC
VC4 Idle bandwidth

 The VC pipes of SDH/MSTP use exclusive bandwidth, and the bandwidth efficiency is low during packet service bearer.
 The SDH bandwidth scalability is poor and network adjustment is not flexible in the event of obvious data service speedup.
Two Evolution way for Packet Network

Ethernet based IP/MPLS based

Multicast
IP+MPLS
RSTP、MSTP
PW
RPR、ERP
VPLS/H-VPLS
Q-In-Q/VLAN-XC
T-MPLS/MPLS-TP
MAC-in-MAC（PBB）
PBB-TE

11
 PTN Technical Evolution

Subtract
MPLS-TE IP Route
T-MPLS/
MPLS-TE
Support ＋PWE3 hope
MPLS-TP
Transport & Data Converged Technology
Connection P2MP by hope

oriented Packet
Support PBB-TE forwarding
PBB-TE p2mp PTN SDH like OAM
Add ＋PLSB and APS
TE
Low TCO
Add PTN
TE Packet Supporting
Synchronization TDM
IP/MPLS PBB End to end
QinQ/
Add MAC、 management
Extended tag
VXC
Connection (i-tag) Simplified TE
Add VLAN
less Label imbedded PTN is a blend of grouping of Ethernet and IP/MPLS
IP/Ethernet technology advantage, improve connectionless, the
shortcomings of the OAM, protection and network
Single service Multi-services management is weak.
 PTN is emerging, based on the grouping, connection-oriented uniform transmission
technology, the IP/MPLS technology simplified (IP by jumped forward, the last pop-up,
equivalent multipath, etc.) and improvement (OAM, protection and network management.
12
PTN Inherited Many SDH Advantages
While Evolving to the Packet Era

MPLS-TP packet transport solution Compatible with SDH, extensive packet transport
solution
BGP/ISIS/RSVP/LDP
1588 ACR Ring network L3VPN
protection
Packet Technology MC-LMSP ML PPP

PTN PPP over E1 PTN IP/GRE TNL

Packet Transport Network BER switching IPv6

802.1x IP multicast
SDH L2VPN, CES, ATM,
LAG, OAM, LSP APS,
Transport QoS, 1588v2, L2 multicast
Experience

SDH/MSTP

PTN-based transport network encompasses various features to meet diversified complex scenarios
and well adapt to the evolution.
PTN Leading Transport Network to
the Packet Era

Transport network evolution: PDH->SDH->MSTP->PTN+OTN->Future POTN

MPLS-TP (PTN) IP/MPLS Connectionless OAM & Protection

& Dynamic
MPLS Feature SDH Feature
 Label switching  VC bearer
Data plane  Enhanced OAM
 QoS assurance
 Enhanced protection

Control plane  LSP: GMPLS (RSVP-TE), PW: LDP  Centralized control

Management plane
Separation from control plane  E2E visualized management
Agenda

Services Driven Evolution to Packet Transport Network

Why Packet Networks Need the OAM Mechanism?

Introduction of ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731 and G.8113.1

PTN Standardization and Deployment Progress in China

Carrier Ethernet Architecture

Management Plane
The MEF has defined Carrier

Control Plane
Application Services Layer Ethernet as: A ubiquitous,
APP Layer (e.g., IP, MPLS, PDH, etc.) standardized, carrier-class

Data Plane
Service
ETH Layer Ethernet Services Layer
(Ethernet Service PDU)

TRAN Layer Transport Services Layer

(e.g., IEEE 802.1, SONET/SDH, MPLS (-TP) ,OTN)
Source: MEF
Carrier Ethernet Network
Service Provider 1 Service Provider 2
Subscriber Site Subscriber Site
Transport Services Layer Transport Services Layer
UNI I-NNI E-NNI I-NNI UNI

CE CE

ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH

UNI-C UNI-N E-NNI E-NNI UNI-N UNI-C

Ethernet Services Layer

Carrier Ethernet Services require
Carrier grade OAM
MEF: Five Attributes for Carrier Ethernet

 Carrier Ethernet services are carried over physical

Ethernet networks and other transport technologies.

 The ability to monitor, diagnose and centrally manage

the network, using standards-based vendor
independent implementations: Carrier-class OAM

Service Management : Fault and Performance Management in service level.

OAM = Operation + Administration + Maintenance

SDH and OTN network has strictly defined OAM mechanisms.
Ethernet and IP network are extended to support OAM.
Carrier Ethernet Network Architecture

Business Metro Core Metro Business

Residential
Residential

Access: Metro: Core: Service Management:

• PDH • SDH/SONET • Primarily IP/MPLS • Ethernet OAM/CFM
• Active fibre • 802.1ad Q-in-Q • SDH/SONET • IP/MPLS OAM
• PON • PBB/PBB-TE (PBT)
• WDM/OTN • Transport network OAM
• HFC • IP/MPLS
• End-to-end requires inter-
• Wireless • MPLS-TP
working
• CE UNI must be • T-MPLS
Ethernet
General View of Packet Network
based on MPLS(-TP)
PTN PTN

Local service PW Link Packet Forward Link PW Local service

LSP LSP
Local service PW layer layer PW Local service

Local service Local service TDM/ATM/Ethernet/IP

Payload encapsulation Payload encapsulation
PW PW MPLS PW
LSP LSP MPLS LSP
Link layer Link layer Ethernet/VLAN/MLPPP
Physical layer Physical layer 100GE/10GE/GE/FE

MPLS-TP
Network

Packet Network is based on packet frame forwarding, without SDH like TDM Frame structure with in-band
overheads which performs fault detection, fault indication and performance monitoring functions. So OAM
mechanism is important for Packet network to implement service and network management.
OAM hierarchy and mechanisms

A B C D E F
L1/L2 L1/L2 L1/L2 L1/L2 L1/L2

Segment LSP

Midpoint
End to End LSP
Pseudo-wire

 L0/L1 : Loss of Light; G.709, SONET/SDH LoS, LoF, ES

 Non MPLS L2 connectivity : Native L2 solution 802.1ag , Non IP BFD

• Failure propagation across layers is supported by this architecture

 General LSPs : Generic Exception Label and Generic Associated Channel

• Includes End to End and segment LSPs
• Used to carry a variety of OAM, Mgmt, signalling protocols.

 Pseudo-wires : PWE3 Associated Channel

 Service Reliability Security Low delay

Hierarchical OAM Enhanced Fast

Troubleshooting in PTN

MSCG

PTN PTN PTN

BTS SR

NodeB
RNC

IEEE 802.1ag ETH Services

Service Layer OAM (UNI to UNI)
/ITU Y.1731 OAM Layer

PW Layer
ITU G.8113.1 OAM LSP Layer MPLS-TP Network
Section Layer

EFM EFM Link layer

IEEE 802.3ah
(ETH PHY)

PTN OAM provides hierarchical fault and performance maintenance capabilities just like SDH does.
 Hierarchical fault and performance monitoring, achieving fast fault detection and troubleshooting
 Multi-layer detection, high reliability, delivering the same level of protection upon a fault
Fast and Reliable OAM supporting
50ms Protection
Edge protection mechanism for
access network Device-level protection
 E1 protection: TPS  MPU/SFU
 STM-N protection: MSP 1+1/1:1  Clock processing unit

 Ethernet protection: LAG  Fan unit

Access layer Aggregation layer Core layer

PTN

PTN PTN

PTN Layer 2 network protection PTN Metro network edge protection

 LSP /PW protection: APS 1+1/1:1  STM-1 protection: LMSP 1+1/1:1
 Dual-homing protection: VRRP/MC-LAG/MC-LMSP
 PW APS and IPoPW protection

 Ring protection: ring network protection

 Fast troubleshooting: ASIC is used to achieve OAM and fast detection within 3.3 ms, which ensures service protection switching for nodes
and links within 50 ms.
 Protection for all services: OAM specifications match the number of services, ensuring that switching can be concurrently performed for
all services.
 All-around E2E service protection: Various protection technologies are supported, ranging from access-layer to network-layer to core
edge technologies.
Segment LSP setup

Starting Point
End to End LSP

A B C D E
LC LC LC LC

Final Point New end-to-end (tunnelled) LSP

A B D E
LC LC LC
Segment LSP

C
LC – Link Connection
LC LC
End to End LSP OAM operations
D
LFIB:AB-BC LSP OAM C LFIB:CD-DE
DE, PW-L
B
PW-L, AB
Primary Path LFIB:BC-CD E
A LFIB:XY-YZ
YZ, PW-L

PW-L, AW

LFIB:AW-WX
LFIB:WX-XY
Y
Backup Path

W LSP OAM
X
 Path diversity is not part of the OAM process. It is the responsibility of the Control Plane
 OAM function uses LFU with Generic Channel Association
 Pre-provisioned primary and backup paths
 LSP OAM running on primary and back-up paths
 OAM failure on backup path  Alert NMS
 OAM failure on primary path A and E updating LFIB to send and receive PW-L traffic over backup path
Agenda

Services Driven Evolution to Packet Transport Network

Why Packet Networks Need the OAM Mechanism?

Introduction of ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731 and G.8113.1

PTN Standardization and Deployment Progress in China

ITU-T G.8113.1 MPLS-TP OAM
Application and Function
Application OAM function
Continuity check and connectivity verification (CC/CV)

Pro-active Remote defect indication (RDI)

Alarm indication signal (AIS)
Fault management Client signal fail (CSF)
Connectivity verification (CV)
Route tracing (RT)
On-demand
Diagnostic test (DT)
Locked signal (LCK)
Loss measurement (LM)
Pro-active
Performance Delay measurement (DM)
management Loss measurement (LM)
On-demand
Delay measurement (DM)
Automatic protection switching (APS)
Management communication channel/Signalling communication channel (MCC/SCC)
Other applications
Vendor-specific (VS)
Experimental (EXP)
Requirements for G.8113.1 and
Y.1731 OAM Function in PTN
ITU-T G.8113.1 ITU-T Y1731
Type Function Section Layer
LSP Layer OAM PW Layer OAM ETH Service OAM
OAM
Continuity Check (CC） Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory

Remote Defect Indication（RDI） Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory

Fault Management Alarm Indication Signal

Proactive NA1 Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
（FDI/AIS）
OAM Lock（LCK） Optional Optional Optional Optional
NA
Client Signal Failure（CSF） NA Mandatory Mandatory
Performance
Loss Measurement（LM） Optional Mandatory Optional Optional
Monitoring
Loopback（LB） Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Link Trace（ LT） NA Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Fault Localization Lock（LCK） Optional Optional Optional Optional
Ondemand Tandem Connection Monitoring
NA Optional Optional Optional
OAM （TCM）
Performance Loss Measurement（LM） Optional Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Monitoring Delay Measurement（DM） Optional Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Test（TST） Optional Optional Optional Optional
APS Mandatory Mandatory Optional Optional
MCC/SCC Optional NA1 NA1 NA1
Others Optional Optional Optional
Vendor Specific NA1
Experiment Specific NA1 Optional Optional Optional
Note：NA means not applicable。 27
Standardization History of MPLS-TP
in ITU-T & IETF
IP/MPLS Completed
discussion on most Mature standard
• IETF experts joined T-
MPLS technical requirements and
standard development framework in
in 2006. October 2009. Standard
MPLS-TP Requirement OAM, device, and
Architecture refinement
Set up a joint and term standardization interface
standardization standardization (such as
working group protection)
(JWT) with ITU-
T-MPLS T and IETF in
February 2008, In WTSA-12 Conference held in November
In 2005, T-MPLS concept delivering 2012, the G.8113.1 PTN OAM standard has
was proposed in ITU-T MPLS-TP and been officially approved, which is a
SG15 and SG13. renaming T- reflection of the sophistication of PTN
MPLS as MPLS- standards.
TP.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ………. 2014

 MPLS-TP standards have become increasingly mature, which is a reflection of the coopetition of IETF and ITU-
T as well as the integrated development of the transport and data industries.
 The standards drive industry development while serving industry members. MPLS-TP has been put into wide
commercial use for mainstream vendors and carriers.
MPLS-TP Standardization in ITU-T
ITU-T SG15
PTN PSN WTSA-12 (Approved)
(ITU - T) (IETF)
MPLS-TP network structure
G.8110.1 Approved
MPLS-TP interface G.8112
Consented
MPLS-TP device function (universal) G.8121
In progress
Device function (associated with OAM) G.8121.1 G.8121.2

G.8113.1 G.8113.2
MPLS-TP OAM
G.8131
ITU-T G.8113.1 was officially issued in
MPLS-TP linear protection
November 2012, which was a milestone of
MPLS-TP ring network protection G.8132
PTN international standardization. It
MPLS-TP device management (universal) G.8151
guarantees major benefits of Chinese
Device management (protocol related) G.8151.1 G.8151.2 communications operator and
MPLS-TP device management information G.8152 manufacturing enterprises, protects
model
G.8101 network investment, and helps in exploring
MPLS-TP terms
DCN G.7712 market penetration in Asia, Africa, and
Americas.
General View of MPLS-TP OAM
Standization
Cooperation result

Requirements MPLS Extension to meet MPLS-TP requirements

RFC5654/G.8110.1
Inherited Transport OAM mechanism to complete MPLS-TP
Architecture Modified IP tools based on Transport OAM mechanism
RFC5921/G.8110.1

Control Plane

Based onY.1731: IETF RFCs

Data Plane: IETF draft-bhh, ITU-T G.8113.2
RFC5960/G.8110.1 ITU-T G.8113.1
Proactive CC/CV Proactive CC/CV: BFD

Performance LM/DM
Performance LM/DM
Protection &
Fault Mgt AIS/RDI
OAM Alarms AIS/RDI

On-demand CV、LB On-dm’d: LSP-Ping

PSC
APS
Agenda

Services Driven Evolution to Packet Transport Network

Why Packet Networks Need the OAM Mechanism?

Introduction of ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731 and G.8113.1

PTN Standardization and Deployment Progress in China

PTN Development in China
 NMS：end to end configuration
 Data plane：MPLS  Protection：Linear Protection and Ring
MPLS-TP  QoS：Diff-Serve Protection SDH
 Control plane：GMPLS

PTN
Ethernet  OAM：Y.1731
 Sync Eth  L3 MPLS VPN
over  IP OAM：Ping, Trace route IP/
 IEEE1588V2
Transport MPLS

MPLS-TP Chinese members promot ITU-

T-MPLS Standization JWT T MPLS-TP standards.

Promote PTN From trail to PTN

Deployment

2006~2007 2008~2009 2010~2013

2010.12 CCSA 1st PTN PTN series standards published
CCSA start PTN research project standard completed

CATR Verified PTN for CMCC 2G/3G Mobile Metro PTN LTE mobile backhaul Backbone PTN
in Lab backhaul trail deployment trail deployment
PTN Technical Standards have been
basically completed by industry
cooperation in CCSA
12 CCSA PTN Standard by MIIT (8 of them published)
YD/T 2374-2011 PTN network technical requirements Architecture
Adaptation
YD/T 2397-2012 PTN device technical requirements Forwarding

YD/T 2487-2013 Test methods of PTN Equipment OAM

Protection
YD/T 2755-2014 PTN interworking technical requirements QoS
Synchronization
2012-1330T-YD PTN interworking test methods (approved in February, 2015)
Equipment
PTN technical requirements oriented for group customer access (approved in November,
Test
2014)
Interworking
YD/T 2336.1-2011 six PTN NMS Standards, including function, information model, and
management interface (4 of them released and 2 submitted for approval) NMS

 Chinese carriers, institutes, and communication enterprises have teamed up with 12 MIIT industry standards and dominated
the setup of 6 ITU-T standards and 3 IETF RFCs, which has laid foundation for PTN development, manufacturing, sales, and
operating.
The Progress of PTN Industry and
deployment
 The industry chains of PTN are improved and completed, covering chips, equipment, instrument and operators, nearly
billions of industry scale formation, realize the transformation of high-tech achievements
 PTN deployment are extended from China to more than 60 countries , more than 1300k equipment are deployed not
only in communication network, but also in electrical power network, broadcast network, oil network, railway network, etc.

Operators  Deployed more than 700k PTN

～100 equipment.
CMCC
 From backbone to metro and access
PTN network, for 2G/3G/LTE mobile
Vendors backhaul and Business Customers

PTN 13
Huawei >603,000
Indust
ry Test
Global
Instruments ZTE >530,000
PTN
10
Deployme Fiber
>154,000
nt home
Chips
11 Shanghai
>3,5000
Bell
Data source: CMCC in June.2014
PTN deployment progress of CMCC

Backbone PTN

省中心L3
PTN SGW
MME
Backbone PTN
OTN/WDM

Metro Core Metro Core Metro Core

L3PTN L3PTN GPON/EPON L2PTN
OLT
Aggregate & L2PTN
Aggregate & Access L2PTN ODN
Access L2PTN
L2PTN
MDU/MTU SBU
City A City B SFU/HGU
eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB Home 2/3G基站
eNodeB VIP Customers
network Customers
WLAN

 Since 2009，CMCC has carried out five Centralized purchasing and deployment，covers more than 300 cities, totally more
than 700K equipment's.

 PTN mainly for 2 G/ 3G/TD-LTE base station backhaul to

 Metro core & aggregate: 10GE/40GE/100GE; Metro access is given priority to with 10 GE and GE ring .
PTN Technology Ever-evolving in
Cooperation and Competition
Bearer technologies chosen by mainstream carriers PTN Different control mode IP RAN
PTN IP RAN

VS
Topology generation based on
Network-wide centralized control routing protocols

Different OAM modes

VS
Centralized, E2E management Independent device
deployment and O&M

Different networking capabilities

Same principle: packet Different choices:

scheduling implementation mode
VS
PTN = Packet scheduling + SDH OAM experience
Number of networks limited by
No limit to NE scale
IPRAN = Packet scheduling + Routing protocol routing domains
Development Trend of PTN
Technology and Applications in China
Smart and open to
Fast and efficient bearer High-quality service
SDN evolution
VoLTE
Telepresence
 Simplified O&M on leased-line
Video services and Layer 3 networks
Internet SDN
100GE/400GE
 Fast deployment of inter-domain
 Efficient backbone and metro services
networks: 4*100GE  Support for traffic monitoring of
smart pipes  Open network management and
 High integration: CFP2 and CFP4 control capabilities
 OTN-integrated hybrid line cards  Service-centric SQM and SLA
assurance  Improved service awareness

Small base station

Leased-line

LTE base station

100GE/400GE

2G/3G base station PTN

Summary of Part 1

SDH/MSTP technology, based on TDM circuit switch, has it’s limitations in

IP traffic dominated era.
Packet Transport Network based on MPLS-TP technology is the converged
migration product of transport network.
OAM tools are very important mechanisms for all of the packet networks
to enhance fault and performance management capabilities.
ITU-T G.8113.1 is an extension of Y.1731 Ethernet OAM to MPLS-TP
network, with the inherit advantages in mature standard and industry
supporting.
 PTN have been widely deployed in China, and will be continually improved
to meet the requirements of services and network evolution.
Exam questions:
1) What’s the technical limitations of SDH/MSTP in the
Packet era?
2) What kinds of MPLS-TP OAM tools has been defined in
ITU-T G.8113.1?
3) What’s your opinion and choice for packet transport
network technology (IP/MPLS, Carrier Ethernet, PTN)?
(Trainer information)
Trainer: Fang LI
E-mail: lifang@caict.ac.cn
Department: Communication Standards Research Institute, Transport
and Access Network Research Department.
Address: No.52, Huayuan North Road, Beijing.
(End Page)

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