MPPT SYSTEM EMPLOYING Z SOURCE INVERTER WITH

FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

A
Report of the work done in 3RD Semester

By

AMIT KUMAR NAIK

Scholar No. 172113116

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Yogendra Kumar
Dr. Rishi Kumar Singh

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL,462003
NOVEMBER, 2018
 MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL, 462003, NOV. 2018

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Report of the PG Project work entitled “MPPT
System Employing Z Source Inverter With Fuzzy Logic Controller” which
is being submitted to Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Bhopal, in fulfilment of the completion of 3rd Semester, in M. Tech Course,
Power System in the Department of Electrical Engineering is a bonafide
report of the work carried out by me. The material contained in this report has
not been submitted to any university or institution.

AMIT KUMAR NAIK

Scholar No. 172113116

ii
 MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL, 462003, NOV. 2018

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that PG Project work entitled “MPPT System Employing Z

Source Inverter With Fuzzy Logic Controller” submitted by Amit Kumar
Naik (Scholar No. 172113116) as the record of work carried out by him, is
accepted as the PG Project Work Report Submission in completion of 3rd
Semester in Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Maulana
Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal.

……………………………… ……………………………
Dr. Yogendra Kumar Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Rishi
Rishi
R Kumar
RishiKumar Singh
KumarSingh
Singh
Singh
DDr.Rishi Kumar
Professor
Professor Professor
Professor
Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
MANIT - Bhopal MANIT – Bhopal

iii
 ABSTRACT

The photovoltaic panel exhibits non linear characteristics. If the PV

characteristic of a PV module is inspected then it can be observed that there
exists a point at which the power extracted from the PV is maximum. Since the
panel cannot operate at this point automatically and hence it requires a
controlling action to operate the PV panel at this particular point which is
called maximum power point.

Number of algorithms has been proposed to track the maximum power point
but there isn’t any algorithm which can be used universally because they differ
from each other in terms of accuracy, efficiency, robustness tracking speed and
level of complexity and selection of a particular technique depends on the
requisite intended.

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION……………………………………………ii
CERTIFICATE………………………………………………………………..iii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………...iv
LIST OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………....v

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………….1
2. Literature Review………………………………………………………….2-3
3. Problem Identification……………………………………………………….4
4. Objective……………………………………………………………………..5
5. Proposed Methodology………………………………………………………6
5.1 Flow Chart of Proposed Methodology…………………………………7
6. Fuzzy Logic Controller………………………………………………………8
6.1 State of Fuzzy Logic Controller………………………………………..8
6.2 Block Diagram of Fuzzy Logic Controller………………………….....9
7. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..10
References

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 1
Introduction

In the last decade, fossil energies and uranium reserves are getting more and more
extinguished[5]. To overcome this lack, renewable energies, such Wind energy,
photovoltaic energy, present an alternative solution to produce needed electricity.
Indeed, they are able to reduce the global-warming effect. Photovoltaic
generation systems have become an interesting solution. Solar energy is an
abundant renewable energy source (RES) which is available without any price
from the Sun to the earth. It can be a good alternative of energy source in place of
non-renewable sources (NRES) of energy like as fossil fuels and petroleum
articles. Sun light can be utilized through solar cells which fulfills the need of
energy instead of energy generation by NRES.

The development of solar cells has crossed by a number of modifications from

one age to another. The cost and efficiency of solar cells are the obstacles in the
advancement. In order to select suitable solar photovoltaic (PV) cells for a
particular area, operators are needed to sense the basic mechanisms and
topologies of diverse solar PV with maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
methodologies that are checked to a great Its manufacturing process has been
ameliorating continuously in the past years. The photovoltaic (PV) systems can
be either in stand-alone application (water pumping, domestic and street lighting,
electric vehicles,) or grid-connected configurations.

The non-linear feature of the I-V characteristic presents the major problem. In
general, the I-V curve exhibits unique point, called the Maximum Power Point
(MPP), where the entire PV system generates its maximum output power.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to maintain the PV
array’s operating point at its MPP. In this literature a novel MPPT technique has
been proposed which will overcome some drawbacks of traditional techniques
and improve the performance under partial shading condition as well.

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 2
Literature Review

1. Fang Zheng Peng 2018[1] “Z-source inverter” discussed the basic operating
principal and controlling action of Z source inverter and also discussed various
modes of operation.
2. Yi Huang et. al 2017[2] “Z-source inverter for residential photovoltaic
systems” evaluated the performance of photovoltaic system when it is
connected to the ac loads.

3. A. Florescu et. al 2017[3] “The advantages, limitation and disadvantages of Z-

source inverter” presented an overview of Z source inverter and also discussed
various pros and cons of Z source inverter over traditional inverter.

4. Siddhartha A. Singh et. al 2017[4] “Modeling, Design, Control, and

Implementation of a Modified Z-Source Integrated PV/Grid/EVDC
Charger/Inverter” presented the modeling and design of Z source inverter for
dc charger of electrical vehicle and also for PV connected to the grid.

5. Marcelo G. Molina et. al[5]“Improved Power conditioning system for grid

integration of Photovoltaic Solar energy conversion systems” evaluated the
performance of PV system connected to the grid with implementation of z
source inverter.

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6. J Prashantha Ram et. al[6] “A comprehensive review on solar PV maximum
power point tracking techniques” carried a comprehensive study on various
MPPT techniques considering some performance parameters like speed,
accuracy, efficiency, robustness and behavior under partial shading condition.

7. Hossein Fathi et. al[7] “Enhanced-Boost Z-Source Inverters with switched Z-

Impedance” implemented an enhanced boost converter for PV system and
compared its performance with traditional converter in terms of efficiency.
And also suggested the modeling of enhanced boost converter in terms of
calculating the size of inductor and the “capacitor.

8. Saban Ozdemira et. al[8] “Fuzzy logic based MPPT controller for high
conversion ratio quadratic boost converter” implemented fuzzy logic with
implementation of z source inverter to track the maximum power point and the
mode of operation of the converter considered as boost converter.

9. M. Nabipour et. al[9] “A new MPPT scheme based on a novel fuzzy

approach” and also compared the performance considering various parameters
such as accuracy, efficiency, time to reach maximum power point and
behavior under partial shading condition.

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 3
Problem Identification

1. Oscillation around maximum power point:-This problem is usually prevalent

in conventional methods like perturb and observe, incremental conductance, hill
climbing method, constant voltage and constant current method. The phenomenon
when the algorithm oscillates around the maximum power point instead of
converging to that particular point i.e. maximum power point. This phenomenon
leads to the loss of steady state power[2,3,5].
2. Time response: - Since the PV panel is operated under real whether condition
where it is subjected to dynamic condition as change as temperature and irradiance
variation and hence creates difficulties in tracking the maximum power point. In
order to prevent from power loss the controller must exhibit fast response[2,3,5]:.
3. MPP under partial shading condition: - Partial shading is one of the major
concerns in tracking of maximum power point. Whenever the solar module is
subjected to partial shading condition the partially shaded modules generate less
power as compare to the rest of the module and current generated by other modules
will start flowing through the partially shaded modules leading to the formation of
hotspots and hence power flow in very small area sustaining of which cause the
damage of the partially shaded module. In order to prevent from hot-spot by pass
diodes are connected across them. Connection of these diodes leads to the formation
of multiple peaks. This phenomenon creates difficulties in tracking the maximum
power point. Generally conventional methods are being used for tracking of
maximum power point but the problem associated with these methods, during
partial shading condition they get trapped within the local maxima and fail to detect
the global maxima. Owing to the failure of detecting the global maxima the loss of
power increases up to 70%[2,3].
4. Efficiency: - MPPT techniques with low efficiency would make it economically
unreliable especially when large solar plants are considered[5].
5. Level of complexity: - In order to achieve the most of the objective the more
arrangements are required leading to increase in level of complexity which is not
economically viable for small solar plants[5].

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 4
Objectives

The objectives of proposed methodology are:-

1. Tracking of maximum power point varying atmospheric condition: - As

earlier mentioned partial shading is one of the major concerns in MPP tracking.
The main object of the proposed methodology is to track the maximum power
point accurately during static, dynamic and partial shading condition i.e. the
objective is oriented to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods.
2. Fast response: - the objective of the proposed methodology is to obtain fast
response. Because of slower response to varying environment condition the
maximum power point could not be detected accurately which leads to the loss
of power and hence making the system not economically viable to prevent the
system from aforementioned problem fast response is being considered as one
the main objectives.
3. Efficiency: - To overcome one of the major problems prevalent in
conventional method i.e. lack of efficiency which causes the loss of power the
aim of the proposed methodology is to obtain high efficiency.

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 5
Proposed Methodology

In proposed methodology fuzzy logic controller will be used as MPPT controller

because of its some features and it can be anticipated that it will improve the
performance of controller during dynamic and as well as partial shading
condition. To improve the performance of fuzzy logic controller during partial
shading condition one conventional method has been added. The additional
method which will be used is incremental conductance method which uses the
comparison of conductance of PV to incremental conductance to track the
maximum power point. Hence it is anticipated that during partial shading
condition it will not be trapped within the local maxima and accurately track the
global maxima to increase the efficiency during partial shading condition as well.

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5.1 Flow chart of proposed methodology

START

LOCAL MAXIMA BY IC

ACQUISITION OF P,V

INPUT FOR FUZZY

CALC. OF MAX P

D AT MAX. P

RETURN

Fig 2. Flow chart of proposed fuzzy logic

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Fuzzy Logic Controller as MPPT

6.1 Fuzzy logic involves three stages:-

1. Fuzzification: - At this stage the numerical values are converted into
linguistic variables usually error and change in error is treated as input Since
it is being used as MPPT controller so the variables to be fed as input are the
PV panel error voltage and change in PV panel voltage[2,3].

2. Interference:-Fuzzy inference systems have been successfully applied in

fields such as automatic control, data classification, decision analysis, expert
systems, and computer vision. Because of its multi-disciplinary nature, the
fuzzy inference system is known by a number of names, such as fuzzy-rule-
based system, fuzzy expert system, fuzzy model, fuzzy associative memory,
fuzzy logic controller, and simply fuzzy system[2,3].

3. Defuzzification: - Fuzzy rule based systems evaluate linguistic if-then rules

using fuzzification, inference and composition procedures. They produce
fuzzy results which usually have to be converted into crisp output. To
transform the fuzzy results in to crisp, defuzzification is performed.
Defuzzification is the process of converting a fuzzified output into a single
crisp value with respect to a fuzzy set. The defuzzified value in FLC Logic
represents the action to be taken in controlling the process[2,3].

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6.2 Block diagram of fuzzy logic

fuzzification

Rule based Interference

Defuzzification

Fig 1. Block diagram of fuzzy logic [2,3]

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Conclusion

From about 20 years, researchers and scientists are working to Increase the
efficiency of renewable energy systems and the MPPT is one of the fields that
attracted the interest of many researcher since it focuses on finding new
algorithm to extract as much power from the source. The aim of proposed
methodology is to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional methods. since
it is initial stage with the implementation of z source inverter so various
improved and intelligent MPPT techniques can be applied to track the
maximum power point in PV system and the performance can be analyzed with
PV connected to the grid.

10
 References

[1]. Singh, Siddhartha A., et al. "Modeling, Design, Control, and

Implementation of a Modified Z-Source Integrated PV/Grid/EV DC
Charger/Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65.6
(2018): 5213-5220.

[2]. Al-Majidi, Sadeq D., Maysam F. Abbod, and Hamed S. Al-Raweshidy.

"A novel maximum power point tracking technique based on fuzzy logic
for photovoltaic systems." International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy 43.31 (2018): 14158-14171.

[3]. Ozdemir, Saban, Necmi Altin, and Ibrahim Sefa. "Fuzzy logic based
MPPT controller for high conversion ratio quadratic boost
converter." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy42.28 (2017):
17748-17759.

[4]. Patil, Rajkumari R., et al. "Designing Of Z-source inverter for

photovoltaic system using MATLAB/SIMULINK."Circuit, Power and
Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), 2017 International Conference on.
IEEE, 2017.

[5]. Ram, J. Prasanth, T. Sudhakar Babu, and N. Rajasekar. "A

comprehensive review on solar PV maximum power point tracking
techniques." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67 (2017): 826-
847.

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[6]. Fathi, Hossein, and Hossein Madadi. "Enhanced-boost Z-source inverters
with switched Z-impedance." IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics 63.2 (2016): 691-703.

[7]. Huang, Yi, et al. "$ Z $-Source Inverter for Residential Photovoltaic
Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 21.6 (2006): 1776-
1782.

[8]. Molina, Marcelo G., Euzeli C. dos Santos, and Mario Pacas. "Improved
power conditioning system for grid integration of photovoltaic solar
energy conversion systems." Transmission and Distribution Conference
and Exposition: Latin America (T&D-LA), 2010 IEEE/PES. IEEE, 2010.

[9]. Florescu, A., et al. "The advantages, limitations and disadvantages of Z-

source inverter." Semiconductor Conference (CAS), 2010 International.
Vol. 2. IEEE, 2010.

[10]. Huang, Yi, et al. "$ Z $-Source Inverter for Residential Photovoltaic
Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 21.6 (2006): 1776-
1782.

[11]. Shen, Miaosen, et al. "Constant boost control of the Z-source inverter to
minimize current ripple and voltage stress." IEEE transactions on
industry applications 42.3 (2006): 770-778.

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