इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 13148-1 (1999): Mobile equipment for continuous handling

of bulk materials, Part 1: Rules for the design of steel
structure [MED 7: Material Handling Systems and Equipment]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994
(Reaffirmed 2004)

(m@m)
Indian Standard

MOBILE EQUIPMENT FOR CONTINUOUS

HANDLING OF BULK MATERIALS
PART 1 RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE

( First Revision )

ICS 53.040

0 BIS 1999

BUREAU OFINDIANSTANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADWR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

July 1999 Price Group 14

Bulk Handling Systems and Equipment Sectional Committee, HMD 07

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with IS0 5049-l : 1994 ‘Mobile equipment for continuous
handling of bulk materials - Part 1: Rules for the design of steel structures’ issued by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the
recommendations of the Bulk Handling Systems and Equipment Sectional Committee and approval
of the Heavy Mechanical Engineering Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1991. This (first) revision has been carried out to align it with
IS0 5049-l : 1994.

The text of IS0 standard has been approved for publication aslndian Standard without deviations.
Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be
read as ‘Indian Standard’.
b) Comma(.) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use full stop (.) as the decimal marker.

In the adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their place
are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

In terna tional Corresponding Indian Degree of

Standard Standard Equivalence

IS0 286-2 : 1988 IS0 system of
limits and fits - Part 2 : Tables
of standard tolerance grades
and limit deviations for holes
and shafts
IS 919 (Part 2) : 1993 IS0 system of Identical
limits and fits - Part 2 : Tables of
standard tolerance grades and limit
deviations for holes and shafts (first
revision)

IS0 630 : 1980 Structural steels IS 2062 : 1992 Steel for general Related
structural purposes (fourth revision)

IS0 2148 : 1974 Continuous IS 4240 : 1984 Glossary of conveyors Technically

handling equipment - terms and definitions (first revision) Equivalent
Nomenclature

IS0 5048 : 1989 Continuous IS 11592 : 1985 Code of practice for Technically
mechanic~al handling equipment selection and design of belt conveyors Equivalent
- Belt conveyors with carrying
idlers - Calculation of
operating power and tensile
forces

ln reporting the results of afest or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value,
observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for
rounding off numerical values (revised)‘.
 IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

Contents
Page

1 Scope . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. 1

2 Normative references .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . . ... . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .._..... 1

3 Loads ......................................................................................... 1

3.1 Main loads .............................................................................. 2

3.2 Additional loads .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 4

3.3 Special loads . . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 8

4 Load cases .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 9

5 Design of structural parts for general stress analysis . . .. . . .. .. . . 10

5.1 General ..,.............................................................................. 10

5.2 Characteristic values of materials .. .. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . 10

5.3 Calculation of allowable stresses with respect to the yield

point . . .._.._._.............._............................................................. 11

5.4 Checking of framework elements submitted to compression

loads . ..___............................................................................... 11

-6 Design of joints for general stress checking .......................... 13

l 6.1 Welded joints ........................................................................ 13

6.2 Bolted and riveted joints ...................................................... 15

6.3 Joints using high-strength friction-grip (HSFG). bolts with controlled

tightening .............................................................................. 17

6.4 Cables ................................................................................... 20

7 Calculation of allowable fatigue strength for structural members and

for joints . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . 20

7.1 General . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. 20

7.2 Allowable stress, uD ............................................................. 20

7.3 Characteristic curves for allowable fatigue strength ............ 21

8 Exceeding allowable stresses ................................................. 46

9 Safety against overturning ...................................................... 48

(i)
IS 13148 (Part 1 )~: 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994
.

9.1 Checking for safety against overturning ............. ................. 46

9.2 Additional precautions .......................................................... 46

10 Safety against drifting ........................................................... 46

Annex

A Bibliography ....................... .................. ...... ............................. 40

( ii )
 IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Indian Standard

MOBILE EQUIPMENT FOR CO~NTINUOUS

HANDLING OF BULK MATER~IALS
PART 1 RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE

( First Revision )

1 Scope ;2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,

through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this part of IS0 5049. At the time of publication, the
This part of CSO5049 establishes rules for determin- editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject
ing the loads, types and combinations of loads (main, to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
additional and special loadsj~which must be taken into part of IS0 5049 are encouraged to investigate the
account when designing steel structures for mobile possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
continuous bulk handling equipment. standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0
maintain registers of currently valid International
This part of IS0 5049 is applicable to rail-mounted Standards.
mobile equipment for continuous handling of bulk
materials, .especially to IS0 286-2:1988, IS0 system of limits and fits -
Part 2: Tab/es of standard tolerance grades and limit
- stackers, deviations for holes and shafts.
- shiploaders,
IS0 630:1980, Structural steels.
- . reclaimers,
- combined stack- equipment fitted with IS0 2148: 1974, Continuous handling equipment -
ers and reclaimers, bucket wheels or Nomenclature.
- continuous ship bucket chains
IS0 5048: 1989, Continuous mechanical handling
unloaders.
equipment - Belt conveyors with Carrying idlers -
Calculation of operating power and tensile forces.
For other equipment, such as

- excavators,
- scrapers, 3 Loads
- reclaimers with scraper chain,
Depending on their frequency, the loads are divided
- rnixed tyre or caterpillar-mounted stackers into three different load groups: main loads, additional
snd reclaimers, loads and special loads.

the clauses in this International Standard as adapted a) The main loads comprise all the permanent loads
to each type of apparatus are applicable. which occur when the equipment is used under
normal operating conditions.

1
t!S 13148 (PartI):
IS0 5049-l : 1994

They include, among others: - buffer effects;

- dead loads; - loads due to earthquakes.

- material loads; In addition, it may be necessary to take into ac-

count the loads occurring on certain parts of the
- incrustation; structure during assembly.

- normal digging and lateral resistances;

3.1 Main loads
- forces at the conveying elements for the ma-
terial load; 3.1.1 Dead loads

- permanent dynamic effects; Dead loads are load forces of all fixed and movable
construction parts, always present in operation, of
- inclination of the machine; mechanical and electrical plants as well as of the
support structure.
- loads on the gangways, stairs and platforms.
3.1.2 Material loads
b) The additional loads are loads that can occur
intermittently during operation of the equipment
The material load carried on conveyors and reclaimers
or when the equipment is not working; these
is considered.
loads can either replace certain main loads or be
added to the main loads.
3.1.2.1 Material load carried on the conveyors
They include, -among others:
These loads are determined from the design capacity
- (in cubic metres per hour).
wind load for machines in operation;

- snow load; 3.1.2.1.1 Units with no built-in reclaiming device

- temperature load; a) Where the belt load is limited by automatic de-

vices, the load on the conveyor will be assumed
- abnormal digging and lateral resistance; to be that which results from the capacity thus
limited.
- resistances due to friction and travel;
b) Where there is no capacity limiter, the design ca-
- horizontal lateral forces during traveffia pacity is that resulting from the maximum cross-
sectional area of the conveyor multiplied by the
- non-permanent dynamic effects. conveying speed.

c) The special loads comprise the loads which Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the
should not occur during and outside the operation cross-sectional area shall be determined assuming
of the equipment but the occurrence of which is a surcharge angle r3 = 20”.
not to be excluded.
The maximum sections of materials conveyed are
They include, among others: calculated in accordance with IS0 5048.

- blocking of chutes; c) Where the design capacity resulting from a) or b)

on the upstream units is lower than that of the
- resting of the bucket wheel or the bucket lad- downstream units, the downstream units may be
der on the ground or face; deemed to have the same capacity as the up-
stream units.
- blocking of travelling devices;
3.1.2.1.2 Units fitted with a reclaiming device
- lateral collision of the bucket wheel with the (bucket wheel or bucket chain)
slope;
a) Where there is no capacity limiter, the design ca-
- wind load for machines not in operation; pacity is I,5 times the nominal filling capacity of

2
 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : l-999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

the buckets multiplied by the maximum number
of discharges. In the case of bucket wheels, the
factor 1,5, which takes into account the volumes
which can be filled in addition to the buckets, can
be replaced by taking into account the actual value
of nominal and additional filling.
follow shall be taken as guidance. The actual values
can deviate towards either higher or lower values.
For storage yard appliances, the values are generally
lower, while for other equipment (for example in
mines) they shall be taken as minimum values.

b) Where there are automatic capacity limiters, the Loads due to dirt accumulation shall be taken into ac-
design capacity shall be the capacity thus limited. count:

Where the unit is intended to convey materials of on the conveying devices, 10 % of the material
different densities (for example, coal and ore), safety load calculated according to 3.1.2;
devices shall be provided to ensure that the calculated
load will not be exceeded with the heavier material. for bucket wheels, the weight of a 5 cm thick
layer of material on the centre of the bucket
Dynamic load factor: wheel, considered as a solid disc up to the cutting
circle;
In order to take into account the dynamic loads which
could be applied to the conveyor during transport, the for bucket chains, 10 % of the design material
load shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,I. load calculated according to 3.1.2, uniformly dis-
tributed over the total length of the ladder.

3.1.2.2 Load in the reclaiming devices

3.1.4 Normal digging and lateral resistances

To take into account the weight of the material to be
conveyed in the reclaiming devices, it is assumed that
These forces shall be calculated as concentrated
a) for bucket wheels loads, i.e. on bucket wheels as acting at the most
unfavourable point of the cutting circle, and on bucket
- one-quarter of all available buckets are 100 % chains as acting at a point one-third of the way along
full; the part of the ladder in contact with the face.

b) for bucket chains

3.1.4.1 Normal digging resistance
- one-third of all the buckets in contact with the
The normal digging resistance acting tangentially to
face are one-third full;
the wheel cutting circle or in the direction of the
- one-third of all the buckets in contact with the bucket chain (on digging units and, in general, on units
face are two-thirds full; for which the digging load is largely uncertain) is ob-
tained from the rating of the drive motor, the effi-
- all other buckets up to the sprocket are ciency of the transmission gear, the circumferential
100 % full. speed of the cutting edge and the ,power necessary
to lift the material and (in the case of bucket chains)
from the power necessary to move the bucket chain.
3.1.2.3 Material in the hoppers
To calculate the lifting power, the figures indicated in
The weight of the material in the hoppers is obtained 3.1.2.2 may be used.
by multiplying the bulk density of the material by the
volume (filled to the brim). For storage yard applications, the above method of
calculation may be ignored if the digging resistance
If +Cle weight of the material is limited by reliable of the material is accurately known as a result of tests
tiutomatic controls, deviation from the value given in and if it is known for sure that this digging resistance
3.1.2.2 is permissible. will not be exceeded during normal operation.

3.1.3 Incrustation 3.1.4.2 Normal lateral resistance

The degree of incrustation (dirt accumulation) de- Unless otherwise specified, the normal lateral resist-
pends on the specific material and the operating con- ance can be assumed to be 0.3 times the value of the
ditions prevailing in each given case. The data which normal digging resistance.

3
 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

3.1.5 Forces on the conveyor fied because of local conditions. The aerodynamic
m. pressure, 4, in kilopascalslr, shall be calculated using
Belt tensions, chain tensions, etc. shall be taken into the foliowing generally applied formula:
consideration for the calculation as far as they have ?
L

an effect on the structures. “W

’ = 1 600
3.1.6 Permanent dynamic effects
where
3.1.6.1 In general, the dynamic effect of the digging
resistances, the falling masses at the transfer points, “w is the wind speed in metres per second.
the rotating parts of machinery, the vibrating feeders,
etc. need only be considered as acting locally. The aerodynamic pressure during the handling oper-
ation is then
3.1.6.2 The inertia forces due to acceleration and 4 = 0.25 kN/m*
braking of moving structural parts shall be taken into
account. These can be neglected for appliances
working outdoors if the acceleration or deceleration is
less than 0,2 m/s*. Calculating wind action:

If possible, the drive motors and brakes shall be de- It shall be assumed that the wind can blow horizon-
signed in such a way that the acceleration value of tally in all directions,
O,2 m/s2 is not exceeded.
The effect of wind action on a structural element is a
If the number of load cycles caused by inertia forces resultant force, P, in kilonewtons, the component of
due to acceleration and braking is lower than 2 x IO4 which resolved along the direction of the wind is
during the life-time of the machine, the effects shall given by the equation
be considered as additional loads (see also 3.2.7).
P=Axqxc
3.1.7 Loads due to inclination of the machine
where
In the case of inclination of the working level, forces
will be formed by breaking down the weight loads A is the area, in square metres, presented to
acting vertically and parallel to the plane of the work- the wind by the structural element, i.e. the
ing level. The slope loads shall be based on the max- projected area of the structural element on
imum inclinations specified in the delivery contract a plane perpendicular to the direction of
and shall be increased by 20 % for the calculation. the wind;

4 is the aerodynamic pressure, in kilo-

3.1.8 Loads on the gangways, stairs and
newtons per square metre;
platforms
c is an aerodynamic coefficient taking into
Stairs, platforms and gangways shall be constructed
account the overpressures and underpres-
to bear 3 kN of concentrated load under the worst
sures on the various surfaces. It depends
conditions, and the railings and guards to stand
on the configuration of the structural el-
0,3 kN of horizontal load.
ements; its values are given in table 1.
When higher loads are to be supported temporarily
by platforms, the latter shall be designed and sized
accordingly. When a girder or part of a girder is protected from the
wind by another girder, the wind force on this girder
3.2 Additional loads is determined by applying a reducing coefficient ‘I. It
is assumed that the protected part of the second
3.2.1 Wind load for machines in operation girder is determined by the projection of the contour
of the first girder on the second in the direction of the
During handling, a wind speed of vW= 20 m/s wind. The wind force on the unprotected parts of the
(72 km/h) shall be assumed, unless otherwise speci- second girder is calculated without the coefficient q.

1) 1 kPa = 1 kN/m’

4
 IS 13148 (Partl): 1999
IS0 5049-l :1994

The value of this coefficient tl will depend on h and b A, is the enveloped area (solid portions +
(see figure 1 and table21 and on the ratio voids);

q)=+ h is the height of the girder;

e
b is the distance between the surfaces fac-
where ing each other.

A is the visible area (solid portion area); When, for lattice girders, the ratio rp = A/A, is hi-gher
than 0,6, the reducing coefficient is the same as for
a solid girder.

Table 1 - Values of the aerodvnamic coefficient, c

Tvpe of girder c

Lattice of rolled sections 1.6

Solid-web 20 1.6
tor 10 I,4
or
0 5 1.3
box girders 2 12

I -

Members of circular section (in metresl d&OOq <l 12

Tubular lattice d&z1 0.7

q fin kilonewtons per square metre)

NOTE - Certain values of c can be lowered if wind tunnel tests show that the values contained in the table are too high

Table 2 - Values of reducing coefficient q as a function of cp= A/A, and the ratio b/h

p+ 0.1 OL 0,3 ON4 0.5 0.5 0.8 1

4

I b/h = 0.5 1 0.75 1 0.4 1 0.32 1 0.21 I 0.15 -7 0.05 1 0.05 0.05
I
b/h = 1 1 0.92 1 0,75 1 0.59 I 0.43 I 0.25 I 0.1 1PO.lmI 0.1

b/h = 2 0.95 0,8 0.63 0,5 0.33 0.2 0.2 0,2

b/h = 4 1 0,88 0,76 0,66 0,55 0.45 0,45 0.45

b/h = 5 1 0,95 0,88 0,81 0,75 0.68 0.68 0,68

NOTE - These values are also represented by the curves in figure2.

5
IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

the bucket wheel or in the direction of the- bucket

chain is calculated from the starting torque of the
- - drive motor or from the cut-off torque of the built-in
I
_ b _ b _ safety coupling, taking into account the more un-
c
favourable of the two cases listed below:
-
a) if the wheel or chain is not loaded:
Figure 1 - Height h and width b
in this case, account is not taken of the power
necessary to lift the material to be transported,
and the load due to the starting torque of the
motor is considered as a digging load;
blh=6
b) if the wheel and chain are loaded according to
3.1.2.2:

0.6 in this case, the digging power results from

the starting torque of the motor, reduced by
the lifting power.

0.6 The abnormal lateral resistance is calculated as in

3.1.4.2, thereby considering a load of 0.3 times the
abnormal digging resistance.

If appropriate, this load can be calculated from the

working torque of an existing cut-out device at least
equal to 1,l times the sum of the torques due to the
inclination of the machine (see 3.1.7) and to wind load
for machines in operation (see 3.2.1).
PA
0 02 0.4 0,6 0.8 1 A@

Figure 2 - Curves giving values of rj 3.2.5 Resistances due to friction and travel

a) Frictional resistances need only be calculated as

long as they influence the sizes.
3.2.2 Snow and ice load
The friction coefficients shall be calculated as fol-
The loads due to snow and ice have been considered lows:
by the load case 3.1.3 (incrustation). If the customer
does not prescribe load values due to particular cli- - for pivots and ball bearings: g = 0, IO
matic conditions, snow and ice need not be included.
- for structural parts with sliding friction:
3.2.3 Temperature /.L= 0,25

Temperature effects need only be considered in spe- b) For calculating the resistances to travel, the fric-
cial cases, for example when using materials with tion coefficients are as follows:
very different expansion coefficients within the same
component. - on wheels of rail-mounted machines: P = 0,03

3.2.4 Abnormal digging ~resistance and abnormal - on wheels of crawler-mounted machines:

lateral resistance /l = 0,l

The abnormal digging resistance acting tangentially to - between crawler and ground: P = 0,60

6
 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Figure 3 - Appliances on rails

3.2.6 Reactions perpendicular to #he rail due to

movement of appliance
0.2

In the case of appliances on rails which do not 0.15

undergo any reaction perpendicular to the rail other
than those reactions due to wind and forces of inertia,
0.1
account shall be taken of the reactions resulting from
the rolling movement of the unit taking a couple of
force Hy directed perpendicularly to the rail as in 0.05
figure 3.
0 P
The components of this couple are obtained by 0 2 4 6 0 10 12 a
multiplying the vertical load exerted on the wheels or
bogies by a coefficient I which depends on the ratio Figure 4 - Values of I
of the rail gauge, p, to the wheel or bogie trvheel
base, a.

To calculate the couple Hy,take the centre of gravity

S of the appliance on the y-a,xis in an unfavourable
position in relation to sides 1 and 2. 3.2.7 Non-permanent dynamic effects

there are horizorltal guiding wheels, the distance The mass forces due to the acceleration and braking
between the guiding wheels shall be taken as of moving structural parts occurring less than 2 x lo4
value a. times during the lifetime of the appliance shall be
checked as additional loads. They may be disregarded
Figure4 gives the values of 1 as a function of the p/a if their effect is less than that of the wind force during
ratio. operation as per 3.2.1.

If the mass forces are such that they have to be taken

into account, the wind effect can be disregarded.

7
IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

3.3 Special loads derailment or rail fracture. The maximum drive effort
of non-blocked wheels shall then be determined. It
shall not exceed the friction-transmitted effort be-
3.3-1 Blockage of chutes
tween wheels and rails.
The weight of material due to a blockage shall be
calculated using a load which is equivalent to the ca-
3.3.5 Lateral collision with the slope in the case
pacity of the chute in question, with due reference to
of bucket wheel machines
the angle of repose. The material normally within the
chute may be deducted. The actual bulk weight shall The maximum lateral resistance in bumping against
betaken for the calculation. the slope is determined by the safety coupling in the
slewing gear or the kinetic energy of the superstruc-
3.3.2 Resting of the bucket wheel or the bucket ture. This load shall be applied in accordance with
ladder on the face 3.1.4. In calculating the lateral resistance from the
kinetic energy, a theoretical braking distance of
Where safety devices, for example slack rope safe- 30 cm and a constant braking deceleration shall be
guard for rope suspensions or pressure switches for assumed.
hydraulic hoists, are installed which prevent the full
weight of the bucket wheel or the bucket ladder from
coming to rest, the allowable resting force shall be 3.3.6 Wind load on non-operating machines
calculated as a special load at I,1 times its value.
For this case, unless otherwise specified because of
Where such safety devices are not provided, the local conditions, the wind speeds and aerodynamic
special load shall be calculated with the full resting pressures given in table3 shall be taken, with refer-
weight. ence to the above-ground height of the structural el-
ement in question.

3.3.3 Failure of safety devices as in 3.1.2.1

Table 3 - Wind speeds and aerodynamic
In the case of failure on the part of the automatic pressures
safety devices mentioned in 3.1.2.1 to limit the useful
Above-ground Aerodynamic
loads on the conveyors, the capacity can be calculated Wind speed
height of the I I pressure I
as follows:

a) in the case of appliances without built-in reclaim-

ing device, -according to 3.1.2.1 .l b);

b) in the case of appliances with built-in reclaiming

device, according to 3.1.2.1.2 a).

For this purpose, account need not be taken of the

For wind effect calculation, see 3.2.1.
dynamic factor 1, I.

3.3.4 Locking of travelling devices 3.3.7 Buffer effects

For rail-mounted equipment, it shall be taken into ac- For horizontal speeds below 0,5 m/s, no account shall
count that bogies may be blocked, for example by be taken of buffer effects. For speeds in excess of
derailment or rail fracture. For the loads occurring un- 0,5 m/s, account shall be taken of the reaction of the
der such conditions, the coefficient of friction be- structure to collision with a buffer, when buffering is
tween driven wheels and rails shall be taken as not made impossible by special devices.
P = 0,25 provided that the drive motors can generate
sufficient power. It shall be assumed that the buffers are capable of
absorbing the kinetic energy of the machine with op-
For equipment mounted on fixed rails, a wheel can erating load up to the rated travelling speed, vr, as a
be considered as blocked (i.e. unable to rotate but minimum.
sliding on the rail).
The resulting loads on the structure shall be calculated
For equipment mounted on movable rails, blocking of in terms of the retardation imparted to the machine
a trailing wheel or bogie shall be assumed as due to by the buffer in use.

8
 IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

3.3.8 Loads due to earthquakes 4 Load cases

If the delivery contract includes data concerning the The main, additional and special loads mentioned in
effects due to earthquakes, these loads shall be con- clause 3 shall be combined in load cases I, II and III
sidered in the calculation as special loads. according to table4. .

Only loads which can occur simultaneously and which

3.3.9 Erection loads produce, with the dead weight, the greatest forces
at the cutting points, shall be combined.
In certain cases, it may be necessary to check some
structural parts under dead loads in particular mo- For case III the most unfavourable combination shall
mentary situations during erection. be retained.

Table 4 - Load combinations

Sub-clause Type of load

I II
T IMain, additional and special loads

-
Ill
1
-
II
2
-
Ill
3
-
-
II
4
-
Ill
5
-
-
II’)
6
-
-
II
7
-
Ill
8
Ill
9
3.1 .I Dead loads X X X X X X X X X

3.1.2 Material loads on conveyors, reclaiming X X X X X X X X X

devices and hoppers

3.1.3 Incrustation X X X X X X X X X

3.1.4 Normal digging and lateral resistances X X X

3.1.5 Forces on the conveyor X X X X X X X X X

3.1.6 Permanent dynamic effects X X X X X X X X

3.1.7 Loads due to inclination of machine X X X X X X X X X

3.2.1 Wind load during operationz) X X X X X X X X

3.2.2 Snow and ice (possibly)

3.2.3 Temperature (possibly)
3.24 Abnormal digging and lateral resistances X

3.2.5 Resistances due to friction and travel X

3.2.6 Reactions perpendicular to the rail X

3.2.7 Non-permanent dynamic effects X

3.3.1 Blockage of chutes X

3.3.2 Bucket-wheel resting X

3.3.3 Failure of safety devices X

3.3.4 Locking of travelling device X

3.3.5 Lateral collision with the slope (bucket X

wheel)
3.3.6 Wind load on non-operating machine X

3.3.7 Buffer effects X

3.3.8 Loads due to earthquakes X

3.3.9 Erection loads (dead loads in particular

situations)
- -

1’ The removal of abnormal digging resistances (see 3.2.4) shall be ensured, when necessary, by appropriate devices
(rocking device which prevents slewing of appliance when out of service due to wind force)
I 2) See 3.2.7.

9
IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) 5 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

5 Design of structural parts for general - exceeding the permissible fatigue strength.
stress analysis The cross-sections to be used in such analysis shall
be the net sections for all parts which are subjected
5.1 General to tension (i.e. deducting the area of holes) and the
cross-sections for all parts which are subjected to
The stresses arising in the structural parts shall be pressure (i.e. without deducting the area of holes); in
determined for the three load combinations and a the latter instance, holes are only included in the
check shall be made to ensure that an adequate cross-section when they are filled by a rivet or bolt.
safety margin exists with respect to the critical
stresses, considering the following: Conventional strength of materials calculation pro-
cedures shall be used to calculate the strength.
- straining beyond the yield point or the permissible
stress, respectively, 5.2 Characteristic values of materials

- straining beyond the permissible crippling or For structural steel members, the values in table5 ~
buckling stress, and, possibly, shall be used.

Table 5 - Characteristic values of materials

Material
(1SO 630) R po,2, min. R, E G a/
Grade Quality e’) < 16 16<e<40 40 < e < 63

N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 K- ’

Fe 360 A 235 225 215

6 235 225 215

360 to 460 21 x lo4 61 x IO4 1.2 x 1o-5
C 235 225 215

D 236 225 215

Fe 430 A 275 265 255

6 275 265 255

430 to 530 21 x IO4 8,l x lo4 I,2 x 1o-5
C 275 265 255

D 275 265 255

e’) < 16 16<e<35 35 < e < 50

Fe510 I3 355 345 335

C 355 345 335 490 to 630 21 x IO4 8.1 x lo4 1.2 x lo-’

D 355 345 335

1) e = thickness in millimetres

10
 IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

5.3 Calculation of allowable stresses with position and, when applicable, the weldability of the
respect to the yield point material are guaranteed by the producer.

For high yield point steels RpO,JR, > 0,7, the allow-
The stresses for load combination cases I, II and III
able stresses, ug, shall satisfy the following condition:
calculated according to clause 4 shall be compared
with the allowable stresses CT~for these load combi-
nation cases.

These latter stresses are obtained by dividing the yield where

point Rpo,2 by an appropriate safety coefficient.
Rpo.2 and R, represent respectively the yield
The allowable stresses shall be as follows, for struc- point and the ultimate stress of
tural members subjected to tension or compression the steel in question;
and to the extent they are not liable to buckling:
uE52 and uR52 represent respectively the yield
R point and the ultimate stress for
Case I: a, = * Fe 510;

R Oa52 is the allowable stress-for Fe 510

Case II: oa = * for the load case in question.

R 5.4 Checking of framework elements

Case Ill: u, = $$-
submitted to compression loads
For structural members submitted to shear loads:
In general, checking of framework elements submit-
“a ted to compression loads and subject to column and
‘a = -
beam buckling or to plate and shell buckling shall be
It- 3 undertaken using existing national rules. These should
be applied carefully in relation to load cases I, II and
For combined loads, if a stress a,, a normal stress ar III.
perpendicular to the latter and a shear stress 71y occur
simultaneously on a flat plate, the following condition Checking of safety against plate and shell buckling
shall be satisfied for the resultant combined stress shall be undertaken as shown in 5.4.1 to 5.4.3.
OCP.
5.4.1 Buckling of flat plates
oCp=J~4ba

The calculation method for the determination of the

The allowable stresses for the most current steels are
summarized in table 6.
Other materials not shown in table6 can be used
when the mechanical properties, the chemical com-
buckling stress, bVkI’for the different normal stress
distributions, for the shear stresses as well as for the
different ratios for the two sides of the plates sub-
jected to buckling, shall be left to the manufacturer,
who is, however, required to state its origin.

Table 6 - Allowable stresses

Values in newtons per square millimetre
(1 N/mm* = 1 MPa)

Structural steel Fe 360 Fe 430 Fe 510

Load case I II Ill I II Ill I II Ill

Tension or compressionll, ug 160 180 200 180 210 230 240 270 300

Shear. 5. 93 104 116 104 121 131 139 157 174

1) When crippling of the compressed members is not possible.

11
IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

54.2 Suckling of cylindrical circular shells The safety factor, v B, against buckling of flat plates is
given by the ratio
The buckling stress, ski, of cylindrical circular shells
(for example tubes) with transversal frames at a %ki *vk
vB =Q or ~a==~
maximum spacing of 1~2~shall be determined accord- CP CP

ing to the following formula: where

uti = 0,2 *
is the comparative stress for the
where

E is Young’s modulus of the material stud- The safety factor, va, against buckling of cylindrical
ied; circular shells is given by the ratio

6 is the thickness of the wall; ‘$3=% or yB =s

r is the maximum radius measured at the where a,, is the maximum axial compression stress
middle of the wall thickness. at the edge of the shell for the load case in question.

The buckling stress ovk is the reduced buckling stress

5.4.3 Safety factors (see table 7)
bvki according t0 table 8.

Table 7 - Safety factor againat buckling, vB For the walls of closed box girders which are sub-
jected to bending loads around the two main axes, the
values for the web plates are decisive.
Component Load csse I LoarFcase I Load case
For rectangular plates forming members of a bar un-
der compression, the security regarding buckling, vs,
shall not be lower than the allowable security regard-
ing buckling of the whole bar.

12
 IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 8 - Buckting StWSSeS, a,k

Values in newtons per square rnillimetre

‘%k
uvlci
Fe 360 Fe 430 Fe 510

157 vki vki vki

1~92 192 vki vki
200 198 vki vki
210 204 210 vki
220 208 217 vki
230 211 222 vki
240 214 226 vki
250 216 229 vki
260 218 231 vki
270 219 234 vki
280 221 236 vki
290 222 237 290
300 223 239 297
320 225 241 308
340 227 243 315
360 228 245 320
380 229 246 325
400 230 248 328
420 231 249 331
440 232 249 334
460 232 250 336
480 233 251 338
500 233 252 339
550 234 253 343
600 235 254 345
650 235 254 347
700 236 255 348
800 237 256 351
1 000 237 257 353
2 000 239 259 357
co 240 260 360

6 Design of joints for general stress types -of welds and compared with the allowable
stress a,, as follows:
checking
DWCP=J~-<6,

6.1 Welded joints where

most important types of weld joints and their “a

zx = -xu
qualities are described in table 9. a,all. *

For the longitudinal loads, the allowable stresses in ay = -xx

aa
the structural members shall be applied according to a,all. y
table 6.
The weld joint shall have at least the tensile strength
In the case of combined stresses in one plane, a and the yield point of the steel of the welded struc-
comparative value shall be established for all the tural members. (See table 10.1

13
IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Tnhla
._-._ 9_ - Main
._._... tvnns
-.I---
nf
-_ wnld
__-_- iaints
a------

Test to determine acceptable weld

1.ype of Weld Example of
Weld~preparation
weld quality symbolsI)
Test methods Symbols

Gauge root of weld-back before -

sealing run execution, without
&4 Non-destructive test of the seam
Special end craters; grind sealing flush
over its full length, for example P 100
quality with the plate; grind parallel to

X
X-rays
the direction of the external
forces
As for the special quality, but
utt weld solely:
I the
sickness - under tensile stress (see ta-
f as- Gauge root of weld-back before
Standard ble 1O),with o,,, calculated P 100
embled sealing run execution, without g
quality z 06 ua
lements end craters
0, as a function of K (see
7.2.2)

x Non-destructive testing on a spot

check basis over at least 10 % of
P
the seam length, for example X-
rays

Cdouble
LL

K
blevel Gauge root of weld-back. Com-

1
Special
tButt weld plete penetration weld. Notchless
quality
ir the weld edges, grind if necessary
lngle T
; ormed Width of unwelded portion at root
t mythe of joint is less than 3 mm or less Non-destructive test of the plate
t wo com- than 0,2 times the thickness of under tensile stress
Fjonents the welded portion. The lowest is perpendicularly to its surface to D
Lwith a determinant tl detect laminations (for example
Egroove in
()ne of
Standard
quality
e
K using ultrasonic testing)

V
t he as-
<sembled
f4ements
ijt the <3mm or02e
r‘Oat &I!+_

Iillet
Neld in
the angle
Special
quality
Notchless weld edges; grind if
necessary
q q
DLrc
formed
by the
assem-
Standard
bled
quality
compo- Bo
nents

1) Weld symbols are taken from IS0 2553; see also IS0 5817 and IS0 6520.

14
 IS 13148 (Parti):
IS0 5049-l: 1994

Table 10 - Allowable stresses 0, in ~welded joints

Values in newtons per square millimetre

Types of welding

1 Butt weld. soecial or current

I quality
K-weld, special or current

quality
( 160 ( 180 / 200 1 173 1 195 1 216 ( 240 ( ~270 1 300 (

!---l- 1 I I
2 Filiet weld, special or current 244
130 145 163 141 157 176 195 220

8hearing stress
AI! types of welds ?I3 127 141 123 138 153 170 191 212

6.2 Bolted and riveted joints 6.2.2 Non-fitted boYts (forged black bolts)

6.2.1 Fitted bolts Bolts of this type are tolerated only for secondary
joints of members subjected to light load. They are
The allowable stresses specified in table 11 presup-
not tolerated for joints subjected to fatigue.
pose bolts whose shanks bear against the full length
of the hole

The holes shall be drilled and reamed. The tolerance

in the hole shall be as follows:
6.2.3 Rivets
- in the case of variable load always in the same di-
rection (~2 0): IS0 HI l/h1 12’ gaige;
The rivet holes shall be drilled and reamed.
- in the case of alternating load (K < 0): IS0 HI l/k6
gauge. The rivets shall not be subjected to tensile load

2) See IS0 286-2.

15
IS 13148 (Partl) :1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

r
._w._ . . -..---““..a =8...aee.x* .“. YVICS mm.” .,.wta

Allowable shear Allowable Allowable

Kind of steel grade or stress diamatral pressure tensile stress
Type Load case
fastemers strength class
N,kl2 N/t%? N,Zll2

I 96 210 100

4.6 IS0 II 108 240 113

III 120 270 125

Pure shear 0.60, 1.30a
I 144 315 150

6.6 IS0 II ’ 162 360 170

Ill 180 405 188

Fittedbolts
I 128 280 100

4.6 IS0 II 144 320 113

Ill 160 360 125

Multipleshear 0.80, 1.750,
I 192 420 150

5.6 IS0 II 216 480 170

Ill 240 540 188

I 80 160 100

- 4.6 IS0 II so 180 113

Ill (100) (200) 125

don-fitted bolts 0.50, 00
I 80 160 150

- 5.6 IS0 II so 180 170

Ill (100) (200) 188

I 96 210 -

A34 - II 108 240 -

Ill 120 270 -

Pure shear 0.6~7, 1,20,
I 144 315 -

A44 - II 162 360 -

III 180 405 -

Rivets
I 128 280 -

A34 - II 144 320 -

Ill 160 360 -

Multiple shear 0,80, 1,75aa
I 192 420 -

A44 - II 216 480 -

Ill 240 540 -

16
 IS 13148 (Part1 ): 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

6.3 Joints using high-strength friction-grip

(HSFG) bolts with controlled tightening Table 12 - Coefficients of friction, P

This type of bolted joint offers the best guarantee

r ~~ ~~ I
Metal of the
joints (IS0 630)
Simply
prepared
Specially
treated
against loosening; it is especially recommended for
surfaces surfaces
the joining of members subjected to dynamic loads. (removal of paint (flaming, sand
and oil and blasting, shot
removal of rust blasting)
by brushing)
6.3.1 Forces parallel to the joint plane
(symbol r) 0.3 0.5

These forces are transmitted by friction to the mating 0,3 Q5

surfaces after tightening. 0,3 0,55

The transmissible force of a bolt, T,, is equal to

T=Fxpxn
a vT 6.3.1.2 Safety coefficients regarding slipping

where Allowable safety coefficients regarding slipping are

given in table 13.
F is the tensile force after tightening;

P is the coefficient of friction of the mating Table 13 - Slipping safety

surfaces;
I Load case VT

n is the number of friction surfaces; I

I I
I,4
II I,25
is the slipping safety. Ill
vT 1.1
The tensile force after tightening is calculated on the
basis of the permissible stress~of the bolt material.
High-strength friction-grip bolt nuts shall be supported
The allowable stress is: by washers which shall have a hardness of at least
the same degree as that of the nut material. Inter-
- for a normal case: uF = 0,7R,o,2 mediate spring washers shall not be used. The bolts
need not be specially secured.
(This determination takes into account the ad-
ditional stresses when the bolt is tightened.)

- for an exceptional case: uF = 0,8R,,,, 6.3.1.3 Tightening torques and transmissible

loads
(In this instance, the danger of stripping when the
bolt is tightened shall be taken into account.) See table 14 for values of T, in the joint plane per
HSFG bolt and per friction plane.
The tensile forces after tightening shall be guaranteed
by methods allowing the forces produced to be Bolt metal: IS0 strength class 10.9
checked (tightening by means of a torque wrench or
according to~the nut tapping method). R, = 1 000 N/mm2 to 1 200 N/mm2

The minimum condition consists in this case of Rpo,2=900N/mm2

cleaning the mating surfaces to remove all traces of
paint and oil and in eliminating rust with a wire brush. OF = 0,7R,a,, (normal case)

For a bolt wrth a yield point R’,,,,, the values of the

6.3.1.1 Coefficients of friction forces and torques of table 14 shall be multiplied by
the ratio
The coefficients of friction, p, are given in table 12.
R’,,,,/900

17
IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 14 - Transmissible loads as a function of tightening terques

10 58 36.6 72 7.8 88 10 13.1 14,6 16,6 14,4 16,l 18,3

12 84.3 53,3 126 11.4 12,8 14,5 19,l 21,4 24,2 21 23,5 26.7

14 115 72.6 200 15,5 17,4 19.7 25,9 29 33 28,5 31,9 36.3

16 157 99 310 21,2 23.8 27,5 35.4 39.6 45 38,9 43,6 49,5

18 192 121,5 430 26 29,2 33,l 43,4 48.7 55,2 47.9 53.5 60.9

20 245 155 610 33.2 37,2 42.2 55.4 62 70,5 61 68.2 77,5

22 303 192 830 41.1 46.1 52.2 68,s 76,8 87.1 75,5 84.5 96

24 353 222 1050 47,5 53.2 60.4 79.2 88.7 100,s 87,2 97,5 111

27 459 290 1540 62,l 69.6 78 103.5 116 132 114 127,5 145

When precautions are taken against thread stripping metal construction, on the length of tightening, lg, and
(gF = 0,8K,,,,), these values shall be multiplied by the diameter of the bolt, d.
1.14.
For the normal case where the bolt is pre-tightened
Bolts pre-tensioneo with such loads shall not be ad- with
ditionally subject to tensile stress.
OF = 0,7& 2

the allowable additional tensile force N, can be calcu-

6.3.2 Forces perpendicular to the joint plane lated from the following formula:
(symbol N)
0,12R,,,, x F,
N, =
High-strength friction-grip bolts can simultaneously v, x 4
transmit a tensile force N.
where
For the force transmitted by friction, it is then
R p0,2 is the yield point of the bolt metal;
necessary to introduce the reduced value

va is the safety coefficient for the load cases

T = (F - NJ x P x n
a vT
(v, I = 1,5; v, II = 1,33; v, III = 1,2);

4 is the coefficient of elongation on the basis

The additional tensile force increases the bolt stress
of the ratio 1,/d according to table 15;
after tightening by a certain sum which depends on
the elasticity of the bolt and of the compressed is the stress section of the bolt
AS
members. This relationship can be taken into account
by the “coefficient of elongation”, C#J,
which depends, Table 16 gives the permissible tensile forces N, for the
for solid steel plates and for the type of bolt used in most common bolt diameters and tightening lengths.

18
 IS 13148 (Partl): 1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

Table 15 - Coefficient of elonaation. fd

I,/dl) 0,5 1 I,5 2 25 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 55 6 65 7 7,5
4 0,43 0,42 0,4 0,36 0.36 0.33 0,32 0.3 0.29 0.27 0,26 0,25 0.24 0,22 0,21

1) I, is the length of tightening; d is the diameter of the bolt.

Table 16 - Allowable tensile forces for bolts after 1:iS

d=16mm d=20mm d=24mm

'ightening
length F=99 kN F=155kN F = 222 kN

load case load case load case

I II Ill I II III I II Ill

mm
kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN

10 26.2 29,a 32.8 - - - - - -

16 27 30.4 33,6 41.6 46,9 52 - - -

22 27,7 31,2 34,4 42,7 48 53.3 60,5 68,l 75,6

28 29,2 32,5 35,a 44,2 49,7 55,3 62 69,8 77,5

34 30.4 34 37,6 45,4 51 56,8 63,5 71,5 79,5

40 31.5 355 39.2 46,6 52,4 58,2 65 73,3 81,6
46 33 37,6 41,5 47,9 53,a 59,a 66.4 74,7 a3

52 34,2 38.8 42,a 49,a 56,l 62.3 67,4 76 84,4

58 35,5 40 44.1 52 58,5 65 69 77,a 86,5
64 37,a 42.5 47 53.7 60,3 67 72 ai 90
70 39,2 44.2 48,6 55.4 62.2 69 74,a a4 93,5
76 40,6 45,a 50,4 57.1 64,2 71.2 77 86.7 96,5
a2 42 47,4 52,3 59 66,3 73,a 79.4 89,4 99,5
88 43,7 49,2 54.3 61 68,6 7683 a2 92,2 102,5
94 45,5 51,2 56,5 63.3 71 79 83,3 94 104
100 46,5 52,2 57,a 65.6 73,7 a2 84.8 95.5 106

NOTE - Bolt metal: IS0 strength class 10.9:

R, = 1 000 N/mm2 to 1 200 N/mm*

= 900 N/mm2

1 TigzIzing: uF = 0,7R,,,, (normal case)

19
IS 13148 ( Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

6.4’ Cables 7.2 Allowable stress, a,

The allowable stress is that stress for which there is

6.4.1 The foilowing types of cables are considered:
no risk of failure after a certain number of repetition
cycles. It depends upon the factors described in 7.2.1
- guy and stay cables, which do not pass over
to 7.2.4.
sheaves and drums and have no sheaves or pul-
leys passing over them;
7.2.1 Frequency of loads
- winch cables, which run over sheaves or drums
and require replacement in the event of wear. The frequency of loads is the working period of an
appliance during its lifetime and the repetition cycles
expected in the course of this period from the various
8.4.2 The safety of the cables indicated in 6.4.1 shall
structural members and joints.
be ensured against the breaking stress ~for the load
case II forces (main and additional loads), in accord- It is assumed that the appliances listed in clause 1 are
ance with table 17. subjected to regular intensive operation. On the basis
of their repetition cycle number, three classes of
Table 17 - structural members shall be distinguished.
Cable safety

Type of cable Class A: Structural members with repetition cycles

between 2 x IO4 and 2 x 105.
1Guy and stay cables I 3 I
Class B: Structural members with repetition cycles
between 2 x 1O5 and 6 x 1 05.
Winch
NOTE 1 This class comprises the majority of the
cables
structural members subjected to fatigue mentioned in
Double-cable system after fail-
clause 1.

Class C: Structural members with repetition cycles

more than 6 x 105.

7.2.2 Ultimate stress ratio

Qmin 7min
7 Calculation of allowable fatigue K=---.-.
a max
or K.=-

7max
strength for structural members and for
This is the ratio of the lowest ultimate stress (U,i” or
joints 7,,,,J to the highest ultimate stress according to its
sum (amaX or rmax ). It varies as a function of the ulti-
mate stress sign, in the surging region from + 1 to 0
7.1 General
and in the alternating region from 0 to - 1.
Metal fatigue (failure due to fatigue) occurs when a
structural member is subjected to frequently repeated 7.2,3 Stress spectrum
surging or alternating loads.
This is the frequency which can be reached by a given
For structural members and joints, the fatigue stress according to the operating conditions. It is as-
strength shall be checked for the load case I forces sumed that the ultimate stress amax occurs almost al-
(main loads) when main loads occur which are likely ways for the repetition cycles on which the lifetime
to noticeably modify their value, namely by more than of the appliance is based.
2 x IO4 times in the course nf the lifetime of the ap-
pliance.
7.2.4 Construction case
Below 2 x IO4 load cycles, fatigue strength checking
is not required. The notching effect on structural members and joints
has an adverse influence on the fatigue strength. To
All static loads which may occur to various extents, take the notching effect into account, the types of
for example incrustation, shall be calculated with that construction and the joints are classified into eight
value which produces the highest tensile stress. construction cases listed in table 18.

20
IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

No. I Dascriation
---_.. and _
r_._.. _.._ svmhnlizatinn
, ...__..___._.. nf
-. ihr
-.._ main
..._... e-eat __““”
C.,...k..ll\
Y,lllY”l
I

Case K,, : Slight stress concentration

Elements connected by single or double V butt

weld (special quality) perpendicular to the stress
011
direction, flush finished in the direction of the ex- g
ternal forces.

P 100

Parts with different thicknesses connected by sin-

gle or double V butt weld (special quality) perpen- 9(
dicular to the stress direction:
I I
012
- asymmetrical connecting slope: l/5 to l/4 or I4

- symmetrical connecting slope: l/3 l-

;h

P 100

d
,_I?_/

Gusset fixed by single or double V butt weld (spe-

013
cial quality) perpendicular to the stress direction. &4
L-
a--\
zz
K-I
P 100

k St
‘1
Single or double V butt weld (special quality) of \
014
web transverse joint. A6

P 100

,f
x

021
Elements connected by single or double V butt P 100
weld carried out parallel to the stress direction. or P

Single or double V butt weld between l-section :/- zs

022 c_-
flange and web. P 100
nor P

X
 IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

No. i Description and svmbolization of tha main cases 1 SvmboW

_
Case & : Slight stress concentration fconcluded)
I

Elements connected by double bevel butt weld

D
023 with double fillet weld carried out parallel to the
stress direction. K

I7

Csso K, : Moderate stress concentration

Elements connected by single or double V butt

&ii
111
weld perpendicular to the stress direction.
P
P 100
or P

Parts of different thicknesses connected by single g

or double V butt weld perpendicular to the stress
1

112
direction:
P
- asymmetrical connecting slope: l/5 to l/4 or PlOO
I or P
- symmetrical connecting slope: 113

X
y
Gusset fixed by single or double V butt weld per-
113
pendicular to the stress direction.

X
y
Single or double V butt weld of web transverse /-I~]~
114
joint.

X
V

!
Elements connected by single or double V butt
129
weld parallel to the stress direction.

23
IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
ISO 5049-l : 1994

No. 1 Descriotion and svmbolization of the main csses 1

, Svmhnll)
-,-.---.
-
Case K, : Moderate stress concentration fconcluded)
-

8
Elements connected by fillet weld parallel to the
123
stress direction.

cc
D

K
Continuous main element on which the parts per-
131 pendicular to the stress direction are fixed by
double bevel continuous weld (special quality).

Vcc
-

/ LL

KT
Continuous element on which discs perpendicular
132 to the stress direction are fixed by double bevel

J
continuous weld (special quality).

Compressed flanges and webs fixed by fillet weld

cc
(special quality) to transverse web or stiffeners,
133
with corners cut off. The classification in the case
of construction only applies to the fillet weld area. B (c

III

V
IA

154
Double bevel continuous weld (special
connecting the web to the curved flange.
quality)
K
4
Vcc

24
 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

No. i Dascriatian
---.. r _._..and avmhalintinn
_.._ -,...--..---.-.. nf 4hr
_. _.._.mrin
.._... CI~M
““_“”
C.,...hnll)
I

Case K, : Medium stress concentration

Merchant sections or bars connected by single or

P 100
211 double V butt weld (special quality) perpendicular
to the stress direction.
or P

X
P
Parts of different thicknesses connected by single ?!!i
or double V butt weld (special quality) perpendic-
I
JI _
ular to the stress direction:
P
212
- asymmetrical connecting slope: l/3 or P 100
I or P
- symmetrical connecting slope: l/2

-
g
Butt weld seam (special quality) and continuous -
element, both perpendicular to the stress direction
213 where the flats cross, with welded auxiliary P 100
gussets. The ends of the seams are ground, -
thereby avoiding the forming of notches.
g

c_p
P
Parts connected to a gusset by single or double
214 V butt weld (special quality) perpendicular to the P 100
stress direction.

25
IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Description and symbolization of the main cases Symboll)

Case K2 : Medium stress concentration (continuedl

Continuous element on which the parts are fixed

by continuous double fillet weld (special quality)
perpendicular to the stress direction.

Continuous element on which discs are fixed by

double fillet weld (special quality) perpendicular to
the stress direction.

Flanges and webs fixed by double fillet weld (spe-

cial quality) to the transverse web and the
stiffeners, with corners cut off. Tha classification
in the case of construction only applies to the fillet

Continuous element at the edges of which parts

or double V butt weld (special quality). These parts

finish with chamfers or fillets. The ends of the
seams are ground, thereby avoiding forming of

Continuous element on which parts ending in

chamfers or fillets are welded parallel to the stress
direction. These seam ends are carried out in the

Continuous element on which a flange chamfered

l/3 is welded. The end of the seam is carried out
in the area characterized by fillet weld (special
quality) with (I = 0.5 e

26
 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Ph. Description and symbolization of the main cases 1 Symbol’)

Case K2 : Medium stress concentration lconciudeed)

__-_--__

Contmuous eiement on which hubs are fixed by

flllot ;held !sGeClal quaky).

DoAe bevei cont!nuous weld (special quality)

perpendctiiar :o rk stress dxection between parts
srosi~rig sach c:hc: icross jointi.

Dc:~ble Sew ioptinuous weld (speciai quality) be-

tween f;ar?ge apd web II-I the case of individual
stresses wlrhlrl a piane through the web perpen-
dcular to the sear7

Doub!e bevel continuous weld between web and

Elernents connected by single or double V butt

weld carried otit on one side, on a supported base,
perpendicular to the stress direction.

27
IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

-
No. 1 Description and symbolization of the main cases 1 Symbol’)

Case K, : Severe stress concentration (continued)

-

Parts of different thicknesses connected by single

or double V butt weld perpendicular to the stress
direction:

312
- asymmetrical connecting slope: l/2 or

- symmetrical position without connecting slope

Butt weld Joint and continuous element, both per- $4

pendicular to the stress direction, where the flats
P 100
313 cross, with welded auxiliary gussets. The ends and -
or P
the seams are ground, thereby avoiding forming

X
of notches.

Tubes connected by single or double V butt weld,

314 the supported base of which is not covered by a
sealing run. V

Continuous element on which parts are fixed by

331 double fillet weld perpendicular to the stress di-
rection.

Flanges and webs fixed by continuous double fillet

weld to transverse web or stiffeners, The classi-
333
fication In the case of construction only applies to
the fillet weld area.

28
 IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : -t994

No. I Descriation and svmbolizatian

_ -. _ . . of
- tha
_. . _ main
. . . _. . . eases
___ _ _

Case K, : Severe stress concentration (continued)

Continuous element at the edges of which parts

parallel to the stress direction are fixed by fillet
weld (special quality). These parts finish by
chamfers. The ends of the seams are ground,

Continuous elements on which parts finishing with

the corners cut off, parallel to the stress direction,
are welded. These seam ends are carried out in
the area 10 c in fillet weld (special quality).

Continuous elements through which a plate with

the corners cut off, welded parallel to the stress
drrection, is passed. The seam ends are carried out
by double bevel continuous weld (special quality)
inthearea 10e.

Continuous element on which a flange is welded

with e, 6 1.5 e2. The end of the seam is carried out

Element at the ends of which connecting gussets

e,< e2 are fixed by fillet weld. The seam end is
carried out in the area characterized by fillet weld
(special quality). In the case of a butt strap on one
side, the eccentric dynamic effect should be taken
into consideration.

Continuous element on which stiffeners parallel to

-p
the stress direction are fixed by fillet welds or by
double fillet welds carried out between notches.
The classification in the case of construction ap-
plies to the seam between the end seams to the
calculated connection of the stiffeners.
IS 13148 (Part 1): 1999
IS0 5049-l :1994

No. Description and symbolization of the main cases Symbol’)

Case K3 : Severe stress concentration fconcludedl

-.. -
---“--7-
I

Continuous element on which assembled sections

are frxed by fillet welds (special quality).

Double bevel continuous welds perpendicular to

the stress direction between parts which cross

Double bevel continuous weld connecting parts

submltted to bending and shearing stresses.

Double bevel continuous weld between flange and

web in the case of individual stresses within a
plane through the web perpendicular to the seam.

Fillet weld between web and belt flange.

 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

~No. 1 Description and symbolization of the main cases 1 Symboll)

Case K, : Very severe stress concentration

Parts of different thicknesses connected by single

or double V butt weld perpendicular to the stress
412
direction. Asymmetrical position without connect-
ing slope.

X
Vcc
P

Elements assembled by single or double V butt

413 weld perpendicular to the stress direction where -

K
the flats cross.

Flanges and tubes assembled by two fillet welds

414
or bv HV welding.
n

Flanges and webs fixed by one-side continuous

433 fillet weld (special quality) to the traverse web,
perpendicular to the stress direction. n

Continuous elements at the edges of which parts

441 ending in right angles, parallel to the stress direc-
tion, are welded.

31
IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

No. Description and symbolization of the main cases 1 Symbol11

Case K, : Very severe stress concentration (continued)

Continuous element on which parts of stiffeners

442 finishing in right angles are fixed by fillet weld
parallel to the stress direction. n

Continuous element through which a plate is

442 passed finishing in a right angle fixed by fillet weld
(special quality). B

Continuous element on which a flat is fixed by fillet

444
weld. n

Elements placed one on top of the other with

445 holes or slots and fixed in the inside of the latter
by fillet weld. -W n

Continuous elements between which assembly L

446 plates are fixed by fillet weld or by single or double
V butt weld.
V

Continuous elements on which assembled

447
sections are fixed by fillet weld. n

32
 IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-1:1994

No. Description and symbolization of the main cases Symbol’)

Case K4 : Very severe stress concentration (concluded)

Tube bars assembled by fillet weld.

Butt straps at the end of which elements e,

Double fillet weld or HV weld carried out on one

side, on the supported base, perpendicular to the
stress direction, between parts which cross (cross

Double fillet weld connecting parts submitted to

bending and shearing stresses.

Double fillet weld between flange and web in the

case of individual stresses within a plane through
the web perpendicular to the seam.

11 wela symbols are taken from IS0 2553.

33
IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) :, 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 19 - Allowable fatigue strength, a,, (N/mm*)

Tension and compression in the material and in the weld joints for construction cases W, to I(,
Class A units (see 7.2.1)

Steel Fe 360 and Fe 430

.Fe 430= 175 N/mm2

-Fe 360= 160 N/mm2

I I I I wx
-1 -(I,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0.2 Q 0,2 O,$ 0,6 0.8 1
I I I I

-Fe360=-160 N/mm?
+e 430=-175 N/mm2

- 200 N/mm2
Steel Fe510
240Nlmm2

I I I I I I I I I
t CX
-1 -0,8 -0.6 -d.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0,4 0,,6 0.8 1
.-s? 1 I
PI I I-SO-

- 240N/mm2

34
 IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 20 - Allowable fatigue strength, uD (N/mm21

Tension and compression in the material and in the weld joints for construction cases W, to K,
Class B units be 7.2.1)

Steel Fe 360 and Fe 430

N/mm2
N/mm2

i
.P
I 160 N/mm2
E” 175 N/mm2
s
- 200 N/mm2
Steel Fe 510
‘-c-240 N, m2
I I I I I/I /I/ I

240 N/ ‘mm2

35
 IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 22 - Allowable fatigue strength, 5D (N/mm21

Shear in the material and in the weld joints

Class A units (see 7.2.1)

For the parent mats1

200 N/mm2

Fe 510 = 138.5 N/mm2

Fe 430 = 101 N/mm2

Fe 360 = 92.3 N/mm2

-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,z 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

For the weld joints

200 N/mm2
I 1
I I Fe
,! I 510 = 170 N/mm2

N/mm2
N/mm2

-1 - 0.8 -0.6 - 0.4 -0,2 0 0,2 0.4 0,6 0.6 1

37
IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 23 - Allowable fatigue strength, Q, (N/mm21

Shear in the materialand in the weld joints

Class B units (see 7.2.1)

For the parent metal

200 N/mm2

b 510= 138.5 N/mm2

Fe430=101 N/mm2
Fe 360= 92,3N/mm2

50 .

bX
-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

For the weld joints

200N/mm2

Fe 510=170 N/mm2

Fe4-30=124 N/mm2
Fe360=?13 N/mm2

-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0.4 -0,2 0 0,2 0.4 0.6 0,8 1 -

38
 IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-d :1994

Table 24 - Allowable fatigue strength,t, (N/mm2)

Shear in the material and in the weld joints

Class C unka (see 7.2.1)

For the parent metal

200 N/mm2
11

Fe 510= 138,5 N/mm2

101 N/mm2
92.3 N/mm:!

-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

For the weld joints

200 N/mm2

Fe 510 = 170 N/mm2

Fe430 = 124 N/mm2

Fe 360 = 113 N/mm*

-1 -0,8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0,2 0.4 0,6 0.8 1

IS 13148 (Part i) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 25 - Allowable fatigue strength, TSD(N/mm21

Shear in fittedboltsand rivets

Class A unita (see 7.2.1)

Single-shear joint

,200 N/mm2

-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

IS0 tolerance
for fitted Hlllhlt
bolts

Multiple-shear joint

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0,4 '-0.2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance
for fitted Hll/k6 Hll/hll
bolts

1I See 60 286-2.

40
 IS 13148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 26 - Allowable fatigue strength, Q, (N/mm2)

Shear in fitted~bolts and rivets

Class B units (see 7.2.1)

Single-shear joint

200 N/mm2

144 N/mm2

96 N/mm2

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance Hllihll

for fitted
Hll/k6
bolts

Multiple-shear joint

=lY2 N/mmz

= 128 N/mm2

-1 -0,8 -0,6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0,4 0.6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance
for fitted Hll/ hll
bolts

41
IS 13148 (Parti):
IS0 5049-1:1994

Table 27 - Allowable fatigue strength, Q, (N/mm3

Shear in fittedboltsand rivets

Class C units (see 7.2.1)

Single-shear joint

200 N/mm*

-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance
for fitted
bolts

Multiple-shear joint

-1 -0.8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,Z 0 0,2 0,4 0.6 0,8 1

IS0 tolerance
for fitted
Hlllk6
bolts

42
 IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 28 - Allowable diametral pressures, o,~ (N/mm2)

Fitted bolts and rivets

Class A units (see 7.2.1)

Single-shear joint

480 N/mm*

NLmm2

N/mm2

-1 -0.8 - 0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance Hll/k6 I Hll/hll

fm fitted t-
bolts I-

Multiple-shear joint

480 N/mm2

~420 N/mm2

= 280 Nlmm2

160

80 c-x
-1 -0,8 - 0.6 -0,4 -0.2 0 0.2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

7
IS0 tolerance Hll/k6 Hll/hll
for fitted
bolts I-

43
 IS 15148 (Part 1) : 1999
IS0 5049-I : 1994

Table 29 - Allowable diametral pressures, aID (N/mm21

Fittedboltsand rivets
cl-y.6units k.ee7.2.1)

Single-shear joint

480 N/mm2

N/mm2

-1 - 0.8 -0,6 -0.4 -0,2 0 0,2 0.4 0.6 0.0 1

IS0 tolerance
for fitted
bolts

Multiple-shear joint

480 N/mm2

- bolt5.6
I-w = 420 N/mm*
rivet A 44
,
3 20”
/- bolt 4.6
Ic = 280 N/mm*
240 rivet A 34

160

I I I I I sol I 1 I I I LCX

-1 -0,8 -0.6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0.2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance
Hll/hll
for fitted
bolts t

44

c
 IS 13148 (Partl):1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Table 30 - Allowable diametral pressures, aID (Njmmz)

Fittedboltsand rivets
Class C unitsbe 7.2.1)

Single-shear joint

480 N/mm2

N/mm*

210 N/mm2

-1 -0.8 - 0.6 -0.4 -0,2 0 0.2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1

IS0 tolerance Hlllkb Hll/hll

for fitted
bolts

Multiple-shear joint

480 N/mm*

=420N/mm*

~280 N/mm2

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0.2 0,4 0.6 0,8 1

IS0 tolerance Hll/hll

for fitted
bolts

45
IS 13148 ( Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

8 Exceeding allowable stresses ! is the horizontal distance of the

sum of all the vertical forces
The final construction weights shall be compared with (CP,,) from the tipping axis.
the weight used in the static calculation. If the final
dead loads do not exceed the weights used in the The safety factors against overturning specified in ta-
static calculation by more than 5 %, there is no need ble31 are at least requested for load cases I to Ill.
to carry out a new check.
Table 31 - Safety against overturning
9 Safety against overturning vk = &/f”fk

I
Load case
9.1 Checking for safety against overturning I ‘I: I

I I,5
For safety against overturning, the following ratio shall
be applied: II 1.3
Ill 1.2

9.2 Additional precautions

is the stabilizing moment of the total per- On agreement with the user, it can be specified that
manent load referred to a possible tipping different structural members shall occupy definite
axis; positions, taking into account the stability of the ap-
pliance when idle (for example crane boom). Such
Mk is the overturning moment resulting from measures shall appear in the operating instructions.
all the variable horizontal and vertical
forces (= zP, + cP,,) of load cases I, II and
Ill, to the extent these forces increase the 10 Safety against drifting
overturning moment.
As safety against drifting, the ratio is taken between
The check shall be carried out for the tipping axis with the sum of the drag forces and the sum of the drift
the smallest overturning safety, by assuming that the forces due to the wind or the inclination. The calcu-
movable parts of the dead load are in the most un- lation shall be based on the greatest inclination at
favourable position. which the machine has to work, in accordance with
3.1.7. The resting of the digging device on the face
The same safety regarding overturning can be written
or ground need not, in this case, be taken into con-
in the following form (see figure 5):
sideration.
MS f/e
Yk=---=
The friction values to be used are as follows:
Mk
- for driven wheels on rails: p = 0.14

where
- for non-driven ball-mounted wheels: P = 0,Ol

f is the horizontal distance of the centre of

- for non-driven wheels with bushes: p = 0,015
gravity of the dead load G from a possible
overturning axis;
- for rail clamps, if no higher values are found by
e is given by testing: p = 0,25

ZP,h + ZP& +fi The safety against drifting shall be

e=
G+W,
a) in operation, when only the automatic brakes of
in which the drive motors act, in the case of wind-induced
load, according to 3.2.1, v& 13;
h is the vertical distance of the
sum of all the horizontal forces b) out of operation, with wind-induced stresses ac-
(ZP,) from the tipping axis; cording to 3.3.6, v> 1,2.

46
 IS 13148 (Part 1):1999
IS0 5049.1:1994

Figure 5 - Safety against overturning

IS 13148 (Part 1 ) : 1999
IS0 5049-l : 1994

Annex A
(informative)

Bibliography

[l] IS0 2553:1992, Welded, brazed and soldered joints - Symbolic representation on drawings

[2] IS0 E817:1992, Arc-welded joints in steel - Guidance on quaky levels for imperfections.

[S] IS0 6520: 1982, Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations.

48