Masters Seminar (FOT 591)

On

The Future of Food Processing

Industry

Presented By-
Aman Chhibber
M. Sc. Food Science & Technology
Roll No. RH1425A10
Registration No. 11409419
Definition by:- British Automation and Robot Association (BARA)

An industrial robot is a reprogrammable device designed both

to manipulate and/or transport parts, tools, or specified
manufacturing implements through variable programmed
motions, for the performance of specific manufacturing tasks.
Definition by:- International Standards Organization (ISO)

An automatically controlled, re-programmable, multipurpose,

manipulative machine with several degrees of freedom,
which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in
industrial automation applications.
In 1956, George Devol and Joe Engelberger established
a company called Unimation, a shortened form of the
words Universal Animation.
The first modern industrial robot, called Unimate, were
developed by George Devol and Joe Engelberger in
1959.
Engelberger formed Unimation and was the first to
market robots. As a result, Engelberger has been called
as the 'father of robotics.'
WORLD ROBOT POPULATION
 Potential Benefits From Robotics System
 The requirement for reduced floor space
 Good hygiene levels
 Improved efficiency
 Improved quality
 The ability to work in cold or hostile environments
 Increased yields and reduced wastage
 Increased consistency
 Increased flexibility for some operations
 Aerospace
 Automotive manufacturing and supply
 Chemical, rubber and plastics manufacturing
 Electrical and electronics
 Entertainment-movie making
 Food stuff and beverage manufacturing
 Glass, ceramics and mineral production
 Printing
 Wood and furniture manufacturing
 Bakery
Bottling/Beverages
Confectionaries
Dairy
Fast Food/Snacks Produce
Meat
Stand-up pouches, sachets
Pillow style pouches
 Types of Robots used in food industry
The main types of robots used in the food industry are
Portal robots:
 Portal robots are mounted robotic systems that span a cubic
handling area by means of three linear axes
 The actual robotic kinematics (the moving axes) are located
above the mounting

Articulated robots:
 Articulated robots are industrial robots with multiple
interacting jointed arms that can be fitted with grippers or
tools
 Articulated robots offer a high degree of flexibility
SCARAs:
 Selective Compliance Assembly robot Arms, or SCARAs,
are a particular form of articulated robots
 They have a single articulated arm that can only move
horizontally. They work in a similar way to human arms
and are often called ‘horizontal articulated arm robots’

Delta robots:
 Spider-like delta robots a special form of parallel robot
typically have three to four articulated axes with
stationary actuators. Because their actuators are located in
the base, these kinds of robots have only a small inertia.
This allows for very high speeds and acceleration
(Khodabandehloo, 1996)
Components of Robots
 AREA OF WORK

 Cartoning Inspection

 Cleaning Labelling

 Coding and Marking Packing

 Conveyors Palletising & De-

palletising
 Filling
Wrapping
 Form Fill Seal
Handling
 CARTONING

Motoman robotics :Yaskawa Electric Corporation

FANUC Robotics America, Inc. Cost:-$85,000 to $95,000
Cost in Rs:- Rs 3,931,250 to Rs 4,393,750
 LABELLING
CODING AND MARKING

SATO Asia Pacific . Ltd FANUC Robotics America, Inc.

 This is an area in which a multitude of products, applications
and packaging line set-ups. Frozen food, bakery and
confectionary, ice cream, meat and fish, cheese, pet food,
medical products, shampoo and perfume bottles
 Delta robot is more commonly used
Liquibox Pakaging solutions,
Cost :- $3,243.2 cost in Rs:- Rs 1,50,000 onwards
 Robotics in Meat Processing
 Yield control, legislation, difficulties in staff availability will increase commercial
pressures and encourage more meat processor organisations to automate, simply to
maintain throughput (Balkcom et al., 2008)

 Initially many meat automation research projects developed spoke robots for their
particular task (Ranger et al ., 2004 )

 The main aim of using an industrial robot is to reduce production costs and
occupational injuries while improving process efficiency and hygiene
 • Removal of • Evisceration and
hair or hide of Dressing
pig , cattle/ cow
(KUKA robot)

• Primal cutting
(ARTEPP)

• Splitting • Deboning
 Stunning
Robotics in Fruits and Vegetables Processing

 The first automated grading facilities for fruit and vegetables

became available more than 10 years ago

 A grading system using robots has been developed for use

with deciduous fruits such as peaches, pears, and apples.
System automatically picks fruit from containers and
inspects all sides of the fruit (Kondo, 2003)

 Robot technology has proved able to handle agricultural

products delicately and with a high degree of precision, and
to gather information to create a database of products every
season
 Application in Fruits and Vegetables

Harvesting of food products :

 Industrial Robot (1999) reports that, in the last 15 years,
mechanisation in farming has increased massively and the
labour force has shrunk proportionately

 Kondo et al. (1996) developed a fruit harvesting robot for

use in Japanese agriculture systems which commonly
produce crops in greenhouses and in small fields

 Reed et al. (2001) developed an end-effector for the

delicate harvesting of mushrooms
 Ceres et al. (1998) designed and implemented a human
aided fruit-harvesting robot (Agribot)

 The Agribot approaches the problem of fruit picking by

combining human and machine operations
Grading of Fruits and Vegetables
 Robotics in Dairy Industry
 Robotic or automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming
increasingly important in dairy farming

 Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) milk cows any time without

the need for a human worker to be present

 Cows choose when to be milked and detailed data is recorded by

the robot which can be accessed remotely by computer or mobile
device

 Relatively small base, robotic milking has been predicted to

become increasingly common

 DeKoning and Rodenburg (2014) estimated that Internationally

there were around 5,200 machines in operation in 2014
 MILKING ROBOT

This systems cost approximately: $190,524[: Fullwood. (UK) Merlin AMS

 CROSS
CROSS
CROSS
CROSS
CROSS SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION OF
OF
OF
OF
OF TEAT
TEAT
TEAT
TEAT
TEAT
TEAT CUP
CUP
CUP
CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUPCUP

Vacuum removes Teat Chamber

Stainless
-Pulsator Steel
allows air Collapsed liner
air, liner
Shell massages teat
opens
Linerinto
collapses,
chamber causes milk flow
teat stretches
-liner collapses
Pulsation to stop
Milk removed
Chamber fromRubber
teat by Liner
vacuum when
liner is open
Vacuum or
atmosphere
Pulsator repeats
process Vacuum
 SENSORY ROBOTICS

1) Electronic Nose

2) Electronic Tongue

3) Electronic Chewing machine

Uses the pattern of responses from an array of gas
sensors to examine and identify a gaseous sample
Inhaling  Pump
Mucus  Filter
Olfactory Epithelium  Sensors
Binding With Proteins  Interaction
Enzymatic Reactions  Reaction
Cell Membrane Depolarized  Signal
Nerve Impulses  Circuitry & Neural Network
BASIC DESIGN OF AN ELECTRONIC NOSE

Array
of
Vapor Signals
Result

Pattern Recognition
Array of
Sensors
 ELECTRONIC NOSE (S)
 FUNCTION: Identify gases and quantify
concentrations (ppb- ppt)

 APPLICATION: Air, Water, Soil, Plant

volatiles.

http://www.estcal.com/Products.html  PRINCIPLE: SAW sensor(s) & Micro-GC

 PROS: Quick (10 sec), Small, Sensitivity,

Remote option

 CONS: so far none

 COST: $19, 450 - $24, 950+

 ELECTRONIC TONGUE (ET)
 FUNCTION: Identify chemical composition of
liquids

 APPLICATION: Dissolved organics & inorganics,

Aquatic mold growth, Soil analysis

 PRINCIPLE: 100’s of microsensors on chip,

Colors change depending on chemicals,
Results read by camera on a chip

 PROS: Cheap, Disposable, Qualitative, Quantitative,

Several analyses simultaneously

 CONS: Not commercially available in US

 COST: Inexpensive

http://www.alpha-mos.com/proframe.htmL http://www.businessplans.org/Vusion/Vusion00.html
 What is an electronic tongue ?

Biological taste system

Taste compounds

Electric Brain
Taste cell responses Taste
reception
Nerve cell

Artificial liquid system - electronic tongue

Sensor
Sensor responses Computer Pattern
array recognition

Y. Vlasov, A. Legin, A. Rudnitskaya, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 373, 136.

It can be used to:
Analyze flavour ageing in beverages (for instance fruit
juice, alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks, flavoured milks…)

Quantify bitterness or “spicy level” of drinks or dissolved

compounds (e.g. bitterness measurement and prediction)

Quantify taste masking efficiency of formulations (tablets,

syrups, powders, capsules, lozenges…)
Munch-o-matic: Scientists develop the Artificial Mouth

 Reproduce the result of

mastication
 Chewing, the release of
saliva

 The rate of food breakdown

 And the temperature all

affect the flavor and smell
of food before it’s
swallowed.

A schematic representation of
the artificial mouth apparatus
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry vol:-May 5, 2008
The $70 billion food and beverage industry & $24 billion FMCG
industry has an annual growth rate of 20 per cent.

With the Indian economy expected to grow at the rate of six to

eight per cent, the $14 billion logistic industry is poised for a leap
thereby providing a huge potential for palletizing robots.

This heavy duty palletizing Robots are claimed to safely load

goods of about 700 kg to 1300kg.

Palletizing robots are very useful in loading and wrapping big

and heavy goods & are typically used by FMCG, logistics and
consumer goods companies.
 CONCLUSION
Robots will help Indian manufacturers to increase
productivity & quality, leading to increased profitability.

Sensory robots provides solutions for Accuracy, sensitivity

of the process and safety of Human Sensors.

The high acquisition costs continues to be the main barrier

for the expansion of this technique.

 While factors related dependency of humans on robots need

to be considered seriously.
Erzincanli F. and Sharp J. M. 1997. Meeting the need for robotic
handling of food products, Food Control, Vol. 10 (4), : 185-190

Hillerton Eric J. 1997. Milking equipment for robotic milking,

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (17): 41-51.

Luque de Castro M.D, Torres P. 1995. Where is analytical laboratory

robotics going? Trends in analytical chemistry, vol. 74 (10), :492 -
495.

Wallin Peter j. 1997 Robotics in the food industry : An update, Trends

in Food Science & Technology Vol. 81: 193-198.

Kondo N (2003) Fruit grading robot. In Proceedings of IEEE/ASME

International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics on
CD-ROM, July 20–24 2003, Kobe, Japan