Prepositions

Ramu’s Institute Of
Spoken English
Book - 10
Prepositions
&
Their Kinds
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
Printed & Published by :
RISE
Ramu’s Institute Of Spoken English ,
Opp : Govt.General Hospital,
Beside : Apollo Pharmacy ( Medical Stores ),
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239
E-mail: ramuy9845@gmail.com
Website : ramuspokenenglish.com
Copy rights are reserved by the Publishers
This is Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English (RISE) classroom study material.

No part of this book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced in any form
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students and common people ...
For Franchisee inquiries, you may contact at the given address and telephone numbers.
Any unauthorized reproduction of this material will be immediately dealt with legally.
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Rise Spoken English 3 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Prepositions
Rise - Ramu’s Institute Of Spoken English - DVDs & Books - Available - Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
( $uÛÑøÏÔ Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T )
ÇHé in ˝À ( ˝À|ü\ )
ÄHé on ô|’q ( MT<ä )
n{Ÿ at e<ä›
$‘Y with ‘√
u…’ by #˚‘·
|òsü Y for ø=s¡≈£î
Á|üyéT from qT+&ç
≥T to ≈£î ( øÏ )lish
n|t up |ô nø
’ Ï
EÁøÏ+~øÏ 9 g
&ÍHé down
k e n 2 3
n+&ÉsY under
S p o 49 ÁøÏ+5<ä
Ä|òt muof 3 90 jÓTTø£ÿ
ÇHé≥T Ra into l : 9 ˝À|ü*øÏ
_ôd&’ é C e l
beside |Á øü ÿ£ q
_ôV≤’ +&é behind yÓqø£
ÇHé Á|òü+{Ÿ Ä|òt infront of eTT+<äs¡
_{ŸMHé between eT<Ûä´˝À
n˝≤+>¥ along ì\Te⁄>± ( düø£ÿ>± )
ne÷+>¥ among n+<äT˝À ( yê]˝À )
‘Á ÷· through <ë«sê
Äb˛õ{Ÿ opposite m<äTs¡T>±
nÁø±dt across n&É¶+>±
ìj·TsY near <ä>∑Zs¡
bòÕsY far <ä÷s¡eTT
Ä|òsºü Y after ‘·sê«‘·
_bò˛sY before eTT+<äT ( Ç+‘·≈£î eTT+<äT )
Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English
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MTs¡T #·÷dæq .... H˚s¡TÃ≈£îqï .... Á|æb˛õwüHé |ü<ë\qT
]esY‡ π>sY |ü<ä›‹ <ë«sê
Ç+^¢wt ˝À m˝≤ #ÓbÕŒ˝À Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+
düT\uÛÑyÓTÆq dü÷Á‘·+ .... ]esY‡ dü÷Á‘·+

‘Ó\T>∑T˝À qT+&ç Ç+^¢wt ˝À ]esY‡˝À #Ó|üŒ+&ç
dæìe÷ ˝Àü e÷¬sÿ≥Tº ˝Àü ã&ç ˝À
in Cinema in market ngl

in ish
School
n E 9
fÒãT˝Ÿ ô|’q {≤ø°dpüToke<äe › 9Hêqï
523 ‘√
u S 904
Ram : 9 3
on table Cat ll
e talkies with father
s√&ÉT¶≈£î n&É¶+>± e÷ Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ oqT yÓqø£
across road in front of our house behind Seenu
Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç ˙fi¯fl ø=s¡≈£î düeTTÁ<äeTT ÁøÏ+<ä
from office for water under sea

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˝À ( ˝À|ü\ ) in ô|’øÏ up
dæìe÷˝À in the movie. ø=+&É ô|’øÏ up the hill.
ny˚T]ø±˝À in America. #Ó≥Tº ô|’øÏ up the tree.
ã&ç˝À in the school. Ç+{Ï ô|’øÏ up the house.
ãT≈£îÿ˝À in the book. ≥es¡T ô|’øÏ up the tower.
s¡÷eTT˝À|ü\ in the room. >√&É ô|’øÏ up the wall.
ô|’q ( MT<ä ) on ÁøÏ+~øÏ down
Ç+{Ï ô|’q on the house. ø=+&É ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the hill.

#˚‹ ô|’q on the hand. #Ó≥Tº øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the tree.
|ü⁄düÔø£eTT ô|’q on the book. Ç+{Ï øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the house.
fÒãT˝Ÿ |ô q’ on the table. ≥es¡T øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the tower.
{°.M. ô|’q on the T.V. >√&É øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the wall.
e<ä› at ÁøÏ+<ä under
s¡$ e<ä› at Ravi. #Ó≥Tº øÁ +Ï <ä under the tree.
dæìe÷ {≤ø°dt e<ä› at the cinema talkies. Ç+{Ï øÁ +Ï <ä under the house.
d”‘· e<ä› at Seeta. {°.M. ÁøÏ+<ä under the T.V.
{°.M. e<ä› at the T.V. u…+∫ øÁ +Ï <ä under the bench.
ãkÕº+&ÉT e<ä› at the Bus-stand. |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ÁøÏ+<ä under the book.
‘√ with jÓTTø£ÿ
h of
e÷ Hêqï ‘√ with my father.
g li s
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT son of Ravi.
#Ó*‘¢ √
|ô qTï‘√
with sister.
with the pen. E n dü]‘· jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
ÁoqT jÓTTø£ÿ ø±s¡T
daughter of saritha.
car of Seenu.
&ÉãT“‘√
|ùÁ eT‘√ e n
with money (cash).
k 2 3 9
{°#·s¡T jÓTTø£ÿ ô|qTï
sêE jÓTTø£ÿ Ç\T¢
Pen of the teacher.
#˚‘· S o
with love.
p ˝À|ü0*4øÏ9
by
5 into
house of Raju.
s¡$ #˚‘· m u
by Ravi. Ç+{Ï9˝À|ü*øÏ
3 into the house.
d”‘· #˚‘·
Ra : 9
by Seeta.
l
ôVA≥˝Ÿ ˝À|ü*øÏ
s¡÷eTT ˝À|ü* øÏ
into the hotel.
ô|qT #˚‘·
{°#s· T¡ #˚‘·
dü]‘· #˚‘·
l
by the pen.
Ce q~ ˝À|ü*øÏ
by the teacher.
u≤$ ˝À|ü*øÏ
into the room.
into the river.
into the well.
by Saritha.
ø=s¡≈£î for yÓqø£ behind
&ÉãT“ ø=s¡≈£î for money. •e Ç+{Ï yÓqø£ behind Shiva’s house.
Ç+^¢wt ø=s¡≈£î for English. s¡$ yÓqø£ behind Ravi.
neTà ø=s¡≈£î for mother. ^‘· yÓqø£ behind Geeta.
n+<ä] ø=s¡≈£î for all. u≤$ yÓqø£ behind the well.
dü+‘√wü+ ø√s¡≈î£ for happiness. Ç+{Ï yÓqø£ behind the house.
qT+&ç from eTT+<äs¡ infront of
dæìe÷ qT+&ç from the movie. e÷ Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ infront of our house.
e÷¬sÿ≥Tº qT+&ç from the market. s¡$ eTT+<äs¡ infront of Ravi.
ã&ç qT+&ç from the school. \‘· eTT+<äs¡ infront of Latha.
ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç from America. \*‘· Ç+{Ï eTT+<äTs¡ infront of lalitha’s house.
Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç from the office. e÷ ã&ç eTT+<äs¡ infront of our school.
≈£î ( øÏ ) to eT<Ûä´˝À between
dæìe÷≈£î to the movie. s¡$ øÏ oqTøÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between Ravi and Seenu.
Ç+{ÏøÏ to the house. ^‘·øÏ \*‘·øÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between Geeta and Laitha.
u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T≈£î to Bangalore. ø=+&ÉøÏ q~øÏ eT<Û´ä ˝À between the hill and the river.
düs¡ÿdüTøÏ to the circus. ãT≈£îÿøÏ ô|qTïøÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between the book and the pen.
¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüHéøÏ to the Railway station. fÒãT˝Ÿ øÏ {°.M.øÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between the table and the T.V.

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ì\Te⁄>± ( düø£ÿ>± ) along
á s√&ÉT¶≈£î ì\Te⁄>±... along this road...
á s√&ÉT |ü≥Tºø=ì düø£ÿ>± yÓfi¯fl+&ç go along this road...
H˚HÓ˝≤ yÓ[‘˚ n˝≤π> ..... s¡+&ç Come along with me..
n+<äT˝À ( yê]˝À ) among <ä>∑Zs¡ near
yê]˝À among them. Ç+{Ï <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the house.
|ü⁄düÔø±\˝À¢ among the books. Vô A≥˝Ÿ <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the hotel.

V”≤s√\˝À¢ among the heros. dü÷ÿ\T <ä>∑Zs¡ near tahe school.
bÕeTT\˝À¢ among the snakes. ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüqT <ä>∑Zs¡ near the Railway station.
dæìe÷\˝À¢ among the movies. u…+>∑fiS¯ s¡T <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near Bangalore.
<ë«sê through <ä÷s¡eTT far
øÏ{Ïø° <ë«sê through the window. <ä÷s¡eTT far
n<ä›+ <ë«sê through the mirror. Ç+{Ï qT+&ç <ä÷s¡eTT far from the house.
dæìe÷\ <ë«sê through the movies. {≤ø°dt qT+&ç <ä÷s¡eTT far from the talkies.
e÷ ˝ÒïVæ≤‘·T&ç <ë«sê the my friend. #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡eTT very far.
Vô ≤’ <äsêu≤<äT <ë«sê through Hyderabad. #ê˝≤ #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡eTT very very far.
m<äTs¡T>± opposite ‘·sê«‘· after
sêE Ç+{Ï m<äTs¡T>± opposite to Raju’s house.
i s
s¡$ ‘·sê«‘· h
after
lafter Ravi.
oqT≈£î m<äTs¡T>∑
^‘· m<äTs¡T>∑
opposite sto Seenu.
opposite to Geeta. n g
oqT ‘·sê«‘· Seenu.
E after9 Ravi’s house.
dü÷ÿ\T ‘·sê«‘·
after the school.
Vü‰dæŒ≥˝Ÿ m<äTs¡T>±
dæìe÷ {≤ø°dt m<äTs¡T>±
opposite to the hospital.
k e n
opposite the cinema talkies.
s¡$ Ç+{Ï ‘·sê«‘·
2 3
yÓ’C≤>¥ ‘·sê«‘·
after Vizag.
n&É¶+>± across po eTT+<ä 9
T 5
s√&ÉT¶≈£î n&É¶+>± u
across the S
road.
9
2 s√E\ 0 4 before
eTT+<äT before 2 days.
q~øÏ n&É¶+>±
Á_&ç®øÏ n&É¶+>± R a m
across the river.
: 93
sêE
yêfi¯ fl
ø£+fÒ eTT+<äT before Raju.
≈£ î eTT+<äT
πs˝Ò«π>≥TøÏ n&É¶+>±
across the
e l
bridge.
l dü ÷ ÿ\T≈£
across the railway gate. î eTT+<ä T
before them.
before the school.
Hê≈£î n&É¶+>± C
across me. s¡ $ Ç+{Ï ø Ï eTT+<ä T before Ravi’s house.
My Dear Students
ô|’q MTs¡T #·÷dæq |ü<ë\T #ê˝≤ eTTKýÓTÆq$
yê{Ïì ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ]esY‡ |ü<ä›‹˝À H˚ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*
eT<Ûä´ eT<Ûä´˝À The nH˚ |ü<ä+ø=ìï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À edü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~ ... ø=ìï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À sê<äT....
<ëìì Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT |ü{Ïº+#·Tø√e<ä›+&ç ... H√{ÏøÏ eùdÔ #Ó|üŒ+&ç ... ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ e<äT›...
Articles... >∑T]+∫ H˚sT¡ Ãø√H˚≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT <ëì >∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+ ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT <ëì >∑T]+∫ f…H¸Ó Hé e<äT›

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ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç from America. bÕs¡Tÿ˝À in the park.
dæìe÷˝À in cinema. dæìe÷ ø=s¡≈£î for the movie.
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ ‘·eTTà&ÉT brother of Ravi. n+<ä]˝À among all.
|ü+&ÉT>∑ ø=s¡≈£î for the festival. u§+u≤sTTøÏ to Bombay.
sêeTT&ç #˚‘· by Rama. {°#·s¡T ø=s¡≈£î for the teacher.
u≤$ ˝À|ü*øÏ into the well. sêsTT‘√ with stone.
H√{Ï ˝À|ü*øÏ into the mouth. {°.M. ˝À|ü*øÏ into the T.V.
dü÷ÿ\T˝À ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüqT e<ä› at the Railway - Station.
in the school.
dü]‘· e<ä› at Saritha. ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À in Hyderabad.
e÷ ‘ê‘·j·T´≈£î to our grand-pa. >∑T&çøÏ to the temple.
dæ>∑πs{Ÿ ô|’q on the cigarette. Ç+{Ï ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the house.
Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ç ø=s¡≈£î for my friend. ˙{Ï ô|’q on the water.
&Üø£ºs¡T ø=s¡≈£î for the doctor. s√&ÉT¶ ô|’q on the road.
yÓ+&ç‘√ with the silver. ø£+|üP´≥sY ô|’q on the computer.
dü÷s¡T´&ç‘√ with the Sun. #·<äTe⁄ ø=s¡≈£î for the studies.
|üeHé #˚‘· by Pavan. uÛÑ÷$T ø=s¡≈£î for the Earth.
˝…’ÁãØ qT+&ç from the library. ˙‘√ with you.
u≤‘Y s¡÷eTT≈£î to the bathroom. #Ó≥Tº ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the tree.
ãfi≤fl]øÏ to Bellary. s¡÷eTT˝À in the room.
≥es¡T ô|’øÏ oqT jÓTTø£ÿ #Ó˝…¢\T sister of Seenu.
≈£îØÃ ô|’q
up the tower.
on the chair.
li sh #Ó*¢‘√ with sister.
Á|ü»\ ø=s¡≈£î
q~ ˝À|ü*øÏ ng
for the people.
E
Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç
|òæÁãe] ˝À
from the office.
in February.
ùdºwüHé qT+&ç
dæìe÷≈£î
into the river.
k en 2 3
from the station. 9 dæìe÷ qT+&ç
{°.M. ˝À
form the cinema.
in the T.V.
‘·\ô|’q
S o
p 049
on the head.
5
to the cinema. ˙fi¯fl ø=s¡≈£î
d”.&û. ø=s¡≈£î
for water.
for C.D.
‘·\T|ü⁄ ô|’q
‹+&ç ø=s¡≈£î mu 39
on the door. yê&ç‘√ with him.
Ra ll : 9
for food. |ü⁄* #˚‘· by the tiger.
n&É$øÏ to the forest.
düeTTÁ<äeTT ÁøÏ+~øÏ >∑T&ç qT+&ç from the temple.
q~ ÁøÏ+<ä
n&É$ qT+&ç CeDown the sea.
under the river.
from the forest.
~∏j˚T≥sY ô|’q
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ ô|qTï
ã+>±s¡+‘√
on the theatre.
pen of Ravi.
with Gold.
dæìe÷≈£î
{°.M.˝À to the movie. ô|qTï #˚‘· by the pen.
|ü⁄düÔø£+ ø=s¡≈£î in the T.V. #Ó≥Tº <ä>∑Zs¡ near the tree.
uÛÑ÷$T ô|’q for the book. Äø±X¯+ qT+&ç from the sky.
Ç+{ÏøÏ on the Earth. ÄÁ|òæø± qT+&ç from Africa.
Hê jÓTTø£ÿ Ç\T¢ to the house. q~ ô|’q on the river.
øÏs√dæHé ÄsTT˝Ÿ house of me. nqïj·T´‘√ with brother.
ø=s¡≈£î for kerosene oil. ∫s¡T‘·‘√ with the leopard.
e÷ Hêqï‘√ with my father. u≤$ ˝À|ü*øÏ into the well.
˙fi¯fl‘√ with water. H√{Ï‘√ with the mouth.
düTì‘· #˚‘· by Sunitha. ˝≤j·Ts¡T ø=s¡≈£î for the lawyer.
ÇHé‡{Ï≥÷´{Ÿ qT+&ç from the Institute. #Óø£ÿ‘√ with wood.
>√&É ÁøÏ+<ä under the wall. j·T+Á‘·eTT #˚‘· by the machine.
ã&ç˝À in the school. Ç+{Ï ˝À|ü*øÏ into the house.
_*¶+>¥ ô|’q on the building. >=&ÉT>∑T ÁøÏ+<ä under an umbrella.
>∑÷{Ï˝À in the shelf. bı\eTT qT+&ç from the field.
dü÷ÿ\T ø=s¡≈£î for the school. |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ô|’q on the book.
ô|qTï ø=s¡≈£î for the pen. dü÷s¡T´&ç ø=s¡≈£î for the Sun.
s¡$ #˚‘· by Ravi.
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ãkÕº+&ÉT qT+&ç e+≥ s¡÷eTT˝À in the kitchen room.
from the bus-stand.
Vô ≤’ <äsêu≤<äT≈£î to Hyderabad. #˚‹˝À in the hand.
@Á|˝æ Ÿ ˝À in April. ø£es¡T |ô q’ on the cover.
˙ jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£î≥T+ã+ Family of You. ø£+|üP´≥sY |ô q’ on the computer.
bÕ≥ ø=s¡≈î£ for a song. Ä|òd” sü T¡ e<ä› at the officer.
|ü⁄*‘√ with the tiger. bÕs¡Tÿ e<ä› at the park.
Ç+{ÏøÏ to the house. ø£fifl¯ ‘√ with the eyes.
H√{Ï‘√
dü÷s¡T´&ç |ô q’ on the Sun. with the mouth.

ÄyÓT ø=s¡≈î£ for her. ÇqTeTT ‘√ with iron.
bÕ\ ø=s¡≈î£ for milk. bÕ¢døºæ ˘ ‘√ with plastic.
bÕ\‘√ with milk. Ç+^¢wt ø=s¡≈î£ for English.
&Üø£sº T¡ #˚‘· by the doctor. n+<ä] ø=s¡≈î£ for all.
˙ #˚‘· by you. e÷¬sÿ≥Tº qT+&ç from the market.
dü÷ÿ\T qT+&ç from the school. ÇHé‡{Ï≥÷´{Ÿ qT+&ç from the institute.
düsÿ¡ düTøÏ to the circus. düsÿ¡ düTøÏ to the circus.
Ç+{Ï |ô ø’ Ï up the house. Ç+{ÏøÏ to the house.
|ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT˝À in the book. ø=+&É |ô ø’ Ï up the hill.
n+<ä] ø=s¡≈î£ for all. >√&É |ô ø’ Ï up the wall.
yÓT<ä&TÉ ˝À|ü*øÏ into the brain. ì#ÓqÃ øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the ladder.
‘·\T|ü⁄ øÁ +Ï ~øÏ
Ç+{Ï qT+&ç
>√&É øÁ +Ï ~øÏ
from the house.
down the wall.
li s h
|ü&eÉ øÁ +Ï <ä
down the door.
under the boat.
‘·\T|ü⁄ øÁ +Ï <ä
y˚T&É |ô q’
under the door.
on the top of the house.Eng ø±fi¯fl øÁ +Ï <ä
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ uÛ≤s¡´
under the legs.
wife of Ravi.
q~ øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the river.
en
k 952 3 9
øÏsD¡ Y jÓTTø£ÿ düeTdü´
ø£+|üP´≥sY ˝À|ü*øÏ
problem of Kiran.
in the river. po
düeTTÁ<eä TT øÁ +Ï <ä under the sea. into the computer.
dô ˝Ÿ bò˛Hé ˝À|ü*øÏ
q~˝À
e÷ Hêqï jÓTTø£ÿ Ä|òd” Tü office of myS
u father.
9 04 >∑T&ç |Á øü ÿ£ q
beside the temple.
into the cell phone.
n‘·&ç ø=s¡≈î£
Hêqï ‘√
for m
a
Rwith
him.
my father.: 9 3 ãdüT‡ |Á øü ÿ£ q
beside the bus.
Hê yÓqø£
behind me.
Vô A≥˝Ÿ ˝À|ü*øÏ
dü÷ÿ\T <ä>sZ∑ ¡ e l l
into the hotel.
NearC the school.
e÷ Ç+{Ï yÓqø£
behind our house.
#·]Ã eTT+<äs¡ in front of the church.
≥÷´wüHé qT+&ç from the tuition. ø=˝≤sTT eTT+<äs¡
in front of the tap.
}] qT+&ç from the village. #·+<Á TäÛ &çøÏ dü÷s¡T´&çøÏ eT<Û´ä ˝À betweentheMoonandtheSun.
Ä|òd” Tü øÏ to the office. ãdüT‡≈£î ˝≤]øÏ eT<Û´ä ˝À between the bus and the lorry.
Vô ≤’ <äsêu≤<äTøÏ to Hyderabad. á s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ ì\Te⁄>± along this road.
#·+<Á Tä &ç |ô ø’ Ï up on the Moon. á |ü⁄düøÔ ±\˝À¢ among these books.
u≤´>∑T øÁ +Ï <ä under the bag. V”≤s√\˝À¢ among the heroes.
u…+∫ øÁ +Ï <ä under the bench. øÏ{øÏ ° <Ûë«sê through the window.
e÷ Ç+{Ï |Á øü ÿ£ q beside our house. b˛©düT\ <Ûë«sê through the police.
fÒãT˝Ÿ |ô q’ on the table. dæìe÷ Vü‰\T m<äTs¡T>± opposite to the cinema hall.
Hê eTT+<äs¡ in front of me. ^‘· Ç+{Ï m<äTs¡T>± opposite to Geeta’s house.
e÷ Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ in front of our house. s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ n&É+¶ >± across the road.
s¡$ Ç+{ÏøÏ m<äTs¡T>∑ opposite to Ravi’s house. >π ≥T≈£î n&É+¶ >± across the gate.
s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ n&É+¶ >± across the road. u…+>∑fiS¯ s¡T <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near Bangalore.
düeTTÁ<eä TT ˝À|ü*øÏ into the sea. Vô ≤’ y˚ ≈£î <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the Highway.
s¬ ˝’ «Ò dù wº qü T |Á øü ÿ£ q beside the railway station. #ê˝≤ <äTs¡eTT very far.
q~øÏ n&É+¶ >± across the river. Çø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç <ä÷s¡eTT far from here.
ãkÕº+&ÉT eTT+<äs¡ infront of the bus-stand. Ç+‘·≈î£ eTT+<äT before.
s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ |Á øü ÿ£ q beside the road. ˙ ø£+fÒ eTT+<äT before you.
ÄdüT|ü‹Á øÏ eTT+<äT before the hospital. |ü~ s√E\ ‘êsê«‘· after 10 days.

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Prepositions
( $uÛÑøÏÔ ` Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T )
The Preposition is a word placed

before a noun or a pronoun showing the relation
between the two persons or the things...
Pre = eTT+<äT Preposition nq>± .... Ç<ä›s¡T e´≈£îÔ\≈£î , edüTÔe⁄\≈£î ,

Position nq>± e´≈£îÔ\≈£î edüTÔe⁄\≈£î , edüTÔe⁄\≈£î e´≈£îÔ\≈£î ˇø£ dü+ã+<Ûëìï
kÕúqeTT #·÷|æ+#˚ ... |ü<äeTT nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ
i s h
l&Ü >∑Ts¡TÔô|≥Tºø√e#·TÃ
E n
Preposition nq>± ...Relation dü+ã+<ÛäeTT nì g
≈£L
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
3 - Kinds m u of Prepositions
39
Ra ll : 9
Ce eTTK´+>± 3 s¡ø±\T ñHêïsTT ...
$uÛÑøÏÔ ` Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T
Prepositions are of 3 Kinds :
1. Simple Prepositions .
( dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
2. Compound Prepositions .
(ø±+bÂ+&é ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
3. Phrasal Prepositions .
( Áù|ò»˝Ÿ ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
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1. Simple Prepositions
( dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
ÇHé in ˝À ( ˝À|ü\ )
ÄHé on ô|’q ( MT<ä )
n{Ÿ at e<ä›
nbÕHé upon ô|’ìøÏ
ÇHé≥T into ˝À|ü*øÏ
u…’ by #˚‘·
$‘Y with ‘√
|òsü Y for ø=s¡≈£î
Á|üyéT from qT+&ç
dæHé‡ since qT+&ç
≥T to ≈£î ( øÏ )
n|t up ô|’øÏ ish
&ÍHé down g
ÁønÏ+~øÏ l
n+&ÉsY under
n EÁøÏ+<ä
9
Ä|òt of
oke jÓ
5T 2
Tø£ ÿ 3
Ä...|òt
{Ï˝Ÿ u
off
Sp 9049es¡≈£î øÏ
till
˝À|ü *
a m
R2. Compound 9 3
: - Prepositions
e ll
(Cø±+bÂ+&é ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
$‘YÇHé within ˝Àù|
n+&ÉsY under ÁøÏ+<ä
_˝À below ÁøÏ+<ä
muÖ Above ô|’q
zesY over m≈£îÿe>±
nuÖ{Ÿ about >∑T]+∫
n˝≤+>¥ along ì\Te⁄>± ( düø£ÿ>± )
ne÷+>¥ among n+<äT˝À ( yê]˝À )
_bò˛sY before eTT+<äT ( ÁøÏ‘·eTT )
_ôV’≤+&é behind yÓqTø£
_{°«Hé between eT<Ûä´˝À
_ôd’&é beside Á|üø£ÿq
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2. Phrasal - Prepositions .
nø±]¶+>¥ ≥T According to <ëìøÏ nqT>∑TD+>±

nÁ^_¢ ≥T agreebly to n+^ø£è‹‘√
n˝≤+>¥ $‘Y along with <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T
ny˚ Á|òüyéT away from <ä÷s¡eTT>±h

g l is
n
because of n EÄ ø±s¡DeTT>±
_ø±CŸ Ä|òt
ke 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
u the sake3of9 n+<äTø=s¡ø¬ ’
|òüsY <ä ùdø˘ Ä|òt amfor
R l : 9
Ce l
ÇHéôdº&é Ä|òt instead of <ëìøÏ ã<äT\T>±
ÇHé|ô d¢ Ät |òt in place of Ä kÕúqeTT˝À
ÇHé πødt Ä|òt in case of ˇø£ y˚fi¯
ÇHé Á|òü+{Ÿ Ä|òt infront of eTT+<äT uÛ≤>∑eTT>∑
u…’ y˚ Ä|òt by way of Ä e÷s¡ZeTTq

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Prepositions which indicates the place ... düú˝≤ìï dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T
in - on - at
in on at
˝À|ü* düú\eTT ô|’q ( ñ|ü] ) düú\eTT e<ä› ` <ä>∑Zs¡ düú\eTT

in the hotel on the table at the theatre

in our school on the tree at our school.
in my pocket on the bus at the bus stand
in India on the elephant at the door
in our class room on the wall at the college
in the first bench on the pen at the Railway-station
in my book on our house at the zoo
1. We are in the hotel.
li sh 1. y˚TeTT ¨≥˝Ÿ˝À ñHêïeTT.
2. My bag is in our school.
Eng 2. Hê u≤´>∑T e÷ dü÷ÿ˝À¢ ñ+~.
3. The mobile is in my pocket.
k en 2 3 9 3.yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ Hê bÕ¬ø{Ÿ ˝À ñ+~.
4. We live in India.
S o
p 049 5 4. y˚TeTT Ç+&çj·÷˝À ìedækÕÔeTT.
u 9
5. Raju sir is in our class room.
m 3
5. sêE kÕsY >±s¡T e÷ ø±¢düTs¡÷eTT˝À ñHêïs¡T.
Ra ll : 9
6. I sit in the first bench. 6. H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï u…+N˝À ≈£Ls=Ã+{≤qT.
Ce
7. I put the 100 Rs note in the book. 7. H˚qT 100 s¡÷!\ H√≥TqT |ü⁄düeÔ TT˝À ô |{≤ºqT.
8. He sat on the table. 8. n‘·&ÉT fÒãT˝Ÿ ô|’q ≈£Ls=ÃHêï&ÉT.
9. The monkey is on the tree. 9. ø√‹ #Ó≥Tº ô|’q ñ+~.
10. Some people are standing on the bus. 10. H˚qT p˝À @qT>∑T ô|’q ≈£Ls=ÃHêïqT.
11. I sat on the elephant in the zoo. 11. ø=+‘· eT+~ ãdüT‡ ô|’q ì\ã&Ü¶s¡T.
12. The cat is on the wall. 12. |æ*¢ >√&É ô|’q ñ+~.
13. It is dirty on the pen. 13. ô|qTï ô|’q >∑©E>± ñ+~.
14. The monkeys are playing on our house. 14. ø√‘·T\T e÷ Ç+{Ï ô|’q Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïsTT.
15. We are waiting at the theatre. 15. y˚TeTT ~∏j˚T≥sY e<ä› m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
16. I saw him at our school. 16. H˚qT n‘·&çì e÷ ã&ç e<ä› #·÷XÊqT.
17. The bus is ready at the bus stand. 17. ãdüT‡ ãkÕº+&ÉT e<ä› ¬s&û>± ñ+~.
18. I saw the snake at the door. 18. H˚qT yêøÏ* e<ä› ˇø£ bÕeTTqT #·÷XÊqT.
19. An accident occured at our college. 19. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ e<ä› ˇø£ j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{Ÿ »]–+~.
20. They are at the railway station. 20. yês¡T ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT e<ä› ñHêïs¡T.
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Prepositions which indicates the Time ... düeTj·÷ìï dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T
in - on - at
in on at
HÓ\\T ` dü+e‘·‡sê\T ` X¯‘êuÛ≤›\T s√E\≈£î ` ‘˚B\≈£î dü+øÏå|üÔ ` düeTj·T+
in August on Sunday at 6 P.M.

in December on monday at 8 A.M.
in January on 6th at 4 o’clock
in 2013 on 7th at 6 o’clock
in 2020 on holidays at night
in the last century on republicday at the lunch time
in the next century on the festival at 7 evening.
s h
ø=ìï düeTj·÷\˝À in - on ˇπø $<Ûä+>± ñ|üjÓ÷–düTÔ+{≤eTT ... n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô
l i
in E n
on g
k e n 2 3 9
in the morning
S o on sunday5morning
p on 0friday 4 9evening
in the evening
in the night am
u 3 9
R l : 9 on thursday night
Cel 1. Hê |ü⁄{Ïºq s√E pHé HÓ\˝À 3 e ‘˚Bq ñ+~.

1. My birthday is on 3rd in the month of june.
2. H˚qT X¯óÁø£yês¡eTT 6 >∑+!\≈£î n‘·&çì ø£\yê*.
2. I shall meet him on friday at 6 P.M.
3. I will come to your house on Sunday. 3. H˚qT MT Ç+{ÏøÏ Ä~yês¡eTT s√Eq ekÕÔqT.
4. Pongal comes on 14 th january every year. 4. dü+Áø±+‹ Á|ür dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT »ìe] 14 q edüTÔ+~.
5. We celebrate the independance on 15th August. 5. y˚TeTT kÕ«‘·+Á‘· ~H√‘·‡eeTTqT Ä>∑düTº 15 q »s¡T|ü⁄≈£î+{≤eTT.
6. My marriage is in this month on 26th . 6. Hê ô|[fl á HÓ\˝À 26 e ‘˚Bq ñ+~.
7. I met him today at 4.30. 7. H˚qT n‘·&çì Hê\T>∑Tqïs¡ >∑+≥\≈£î ø£*XÊqT.
8. He came today at 5 P.M. 8. n‘·&ÉT ás√E 5 >∑+!\≈£î e#êÃ&ÉT.
9. We reached there at 6 o’clock. 9. y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É 6 >∑+!\≈£î #˚sêeTT.
10. I saw an accident early in the morning. 10. H˚qT ‘Ó\¢yês¡TC≤eTTq ˇø£ j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{ŸqT #·÷XÊqT.
11. I have my lunch at 2 P.M. 11. H˚qT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT 2 >∑+!\≈£î uÛÀ»q+ #˚XÊqT.
12. Our school starts at 10 o’clock in the morning. 12. e÷ ã&ç ñ<äj·T+ 10 >∑+!\≈£î ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTe⁄‘·T+~.
13. He gave me the amount yesterday night at 10. 13. n‘·&ÉT Hê≈£î ìqï sêÁ‹ 10 >∑+!\≈£î &ÉãT“qT Ç#êÃ&ÉT.
14. She woke up at midnight ( night at 12 o’clock) 14. ÄyÓT ns¡∆ sêÁ‹ ìÁ<ä˝Ò∫+~.
15. I have to attend the meeting at 10 A.M. 15. H˚qT 10 >∑+!\≈£î MT{Ï+>∑T≈£î Vü‰»s¡Tø±yê* .
16. He came to the house at dinner time. 16. n‘·&ÉT uÛÀ»q düeTj·÷ìøÏ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#êÃ&ÉT.
17. I get up at 6 everyday. 17. H˚qT Á|ürs√E 6 >∑+!\≈£î ìÁ<ä˝ÒkÕÔqT.
18. The train arrives at exactly 4 o’clock. 18. ¬s’\T K∫Ã‘·+>± 4 >∑+!\≈£î e⁄düTÔ+~.
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Á>±e÷\T , |ü≥Dº ≤\T , ∫qï |Á <ü X˚ Ê\T e+{Ï yê{Ï eTT+<äT dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T>± ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·Tq|ü⁄Œ&TÉ
in ô|<ä› kÕúHêìøÏ & at ∫qï kÕúHêìøÏ
1. He lives in Hyderabad at Ameerpet. 1. n‘·&TÉ ôV≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À nMTsYù|{Ÿ e<ä› ìedækÕÔ&TÉ .
2. She is in Bangalore at magistrate. 2. ÄyÓT u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T˝À yÓTõÁùdº{Ÿ e<ä› ñ+~.
3. Ravi works in Delhi at P.N. Road. 3. s¡$ &ç©¢˝À |æ.j·THé . s√&é e<ä› |üì#˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
4. The accident occured in Nadyal at Gowripet. 4. j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{Ÿ q+<Ûë´\˝À >öØù|{Ÿ e<ä› »]–+~.
5. My marriage is in Kurnool at Gandhi nagar. 5. Hê ô|[fl ø£s¡÷ï\T >±+BÛ q>∑sY˝À »s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï~ .
˝À|ü\ ø£<ä\ø£ ñ+&ÉT .... ˝À|ü*øÏ....Á|üy˚•+#·T q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ( ø£<äT\T‘·÷ ) m˝≤ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*

in ˝À|ü\ ø£<ä\ø£ ñ+&ÉT & into ˝À|ü*øÏ Á|üy˚•+#·T
1. He is in the class. 6. He is going into the class.
n‘·&ÉT ø±¢düT˝À ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT ø±¢düT ˝À |ü*øÏ yÓfi¯óÔHêï&ÉT.
2. Raju is in the house. 7. Raju is going into the house.
sêE Ç+{À¢ ñHêï&ÉT. sêE Ç+{Ï ˝À|ü*løÏiyÓsfih¯óÔHêï&ÉT.
3. Shiva is in the temple. n g
•ee>∑nT&ç˝E
8. Shiva is running into the temple.
•e >∑T&ç˝À ñHêï&ÉT. À|ü*øÏ |ü]3¬>9‘·TÔ‘·THêï&ÉT.
o k 5 2
Hê ô|qTï CÀ_˝À ñ+~. u Sp H˚qT ô|qTïqT 9
4. My pen is in the pocket. 9. I am putting my pencil into the pocket.
9 0 4 CÀ_˝À|ü \øÏ ô|≥Tºø=+≥THêïqT.

5. The Lion is in the a m
cave.
: 9 3
10. The Lion is going into the den .
dæ+Vü≤eTT >∑TVü≤˝ÀRñ+~. ll dæ+Vü≤eTT >∑TVü≤˝À|ü*øÏ yÓfi¯óÔqï~.
C e
in ...........( ˝À ) ø=+‘· düeTj·÷ìï |üP]Ô>± $ìjÓ÷–+#·Tø=ì... ÄdüeTj·T+˝ÀH˚ |üìì #˚ùdÔ .....
within .....( ˝Àù| ) πø{≤sTT+#·T≈£îqï düeTj·T+ ˝Àù| ... ˇø£ |üìì ‘=+<äs¡>± #˚dæq≥¢sTT‘˚ ....
in & within
1. I completed my notes in 1 hour. 1. I completed my notes within 1 hour.
H˚qT H√≥T‡qT ˇø£ >∑+≥˝À |üP]Ô#˚XÊqT. H˚qT H√≥T‡qT ˇø£ >∑+≥˝Àù| |üP]Ô#˚XÊqT.
2. I wrote this song in 2 days. 2. I wrote this song within 2 days.
H˚qT á bÕ≥qT ¬s+&ÉT s√E˝À¢ sêXÊqT. H˚qT á bÕ≥qT ¬s+&ÉT s√E˝À¢ù| sêXÊqT.
3. We ate them in 2 hours. 3. We ate them within 2 hours.
y˚TeTT yê{Ïì 3 >∑+≥˝À¢ ‹HêïeTT. y˚TeTT yê{Ïì 3 >∑+≥˝À¢ù| ‹HêïeTT.
4. Mummy prepared it in 3 hours. 4. Mummy prepared it within 3 hours.
neTà <ëìì 3 >∑+!˝À¢ ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚dæ+~. neTà <ëìì 3 >∑+!˝À¢ù| ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚dæ+~.
5. He repaired it in 5 days. 5. He repaired it within 5 days.
n‘·&ÉT <ëìì 5 s√E˝À¢ ]ù|Ø #˚X¯&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT <ëìì 5 s√E˝À¢ù| ]ù|Ø #˚X¯&ÉT.
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by ..........( #˚‘· ) e´≈£îÔ\ $wüj·T+˝À m≈£îÿe>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔeTT ....
with ....( ‘√· ) edüTÔe⁄\ $wüj·T+˝À m≈£îÿe>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔeTT .... e´≈£îÔ\‘√ ( n|ü⁄Œ&É|ü⁄Œ&ÉT )
By & with
1. It is written by me. 1. She wrote it with a pen.
n~ Hê #˚‘· sêj·Tã&çq~. ÄyÓT ô|qTï‘√ sêdæ+~.
2. She is beaten by Raju 2. I beat it with the hammer.

ÄyÓT sêE #˚‘· ø=≥ºã&çq~. H˚qT <ëìì düT‹Ô‘√ ø={≤ºqT.
3. The boy is punished by the teacher. 3. He cut it with the knife.
|æ\¢yê&ÉT {°#·s¡T #˚‘· •øÏå+|üã&Ü¶&ÉT. ÄyÓT ø£‹Ô‘√ <ëìì ø√dæ+~.
4. This is prepared by my mother. 4. He fought with Raju.
Ç~ neTà #˚‘· ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚j·Tã&çq~. n‘·&ÉT sêE‘√ ø={≤¢&Ü&ÉT.
5. They are eaten by the children. 5. I am playing with my friends .
n$ |æ\¢\ #˚‘· ‹qã&çq$. H˚qT Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T\‘√ Ä&ÉT‘·THêïqT.
On .......... ( ô|’q ) ø£<ä\≈£î+&É ... dæús¡+>± ñ+&ÉT ... ô|’q ( MT<ä )
Upon ....( MT~øÏ , ô|’øÏ , ô|’ìøÏ ) ø£<ä*ø£ »s¡T>∑T‘·÷ ...
On & Upon l i s h
1. The pen in on the T.V. n g
E {°.M. ô|’øÏ 9$dæsêqT.
1. I threw the pen upon the T.V.
ô|qTï {°.M. ô|’q ñ+~. H˚qTn
2. e
ô|qTïqT
2. Rani is on the wall.
ok Rani jumped2
5 3
upon the wall.
3. Shiva is on the tree. u S

sêDÏ >√&É ô|’q ñ+~. p sêDÏ >√&É4ô|9
0 ’ìøÏ m–]+~.
.m
•e #Ó≥Tº ô|’q ñHêï&ÉTa 9 3 9
3. Shiva climbed upon the tree.
•e #Ó≥Tº ô|’øÏ mø±ÿ&ÉT.
4. The monkey R is on the tower. :
ø√‹ ≥es¡T ô|’q ñ+~. e ll ø√‹ ≥es¡T ô|’øÏ møÏÿ+~. 4. The monkey climbed upon the tower.
C
5. The lion is on the van. 5. The lion went upon the van.
dæ+Vü≤eTT yê´qT ô|’q ñ+~. dæ+Vü≤eTT yê´qT MT~øÏ yÓ[fl+~.
from ...........(qT+&ç ) mø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç .... nH˚ |Á Xü ï¯ ≈£î düe÷<ëqeTT....
to .....( øÏ , ≈£î ) mø£ÿ&çøÏ... nH˚ Á|üX¯ï≈£î düe÷<ëqeTT....
from & to
1. I am coming from Hyderabad. 1. I am coming to Hyderabad.
H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT qT+&ç edüTÔHêïqT. H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î edüTÔHêïqT.
2. I am from Vijayawada. ( Native - Place ) 2. I am going to Vijayawada.
H˚qT $»j·Tyê&É qT+&ç e∫Ãqyê&ÉqT . ( |ü⁄{Ïºq düú\eTT ) H˚qT $»j·Tyê&É≈£î yÓfi¯óÔHêïqT.
3. He is coming from the market. 3. He is going to the market.
n‘·&ÉT e÷¬sÿ≥Tº qT+&ç edüTÔHêï&ÉT. n‘·&TÉ e÷¬sÿ≥Tº ≈£î yÓfió¯ HÔ êï&ÉT.
4. I came from the office at 4 P.M. 4. I went to the office at 9 A.M.
H˚qT Ä|òd” Tü qT+&ç kÕj·T+Á‘+· 4 >∑+!\≈£î e#êÃqT. H˚qT Ä|òd” Tü øÏ ñ<äjT· + 9 >∑+!\≈£î yÓfi≤fl&TÉ .
5. He came from the abroads. 5. He went to the abroads.
n‘·&ÉT $<˚XÊ\ qT+&ç e#êÃ&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT $<˚XÊ\≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.
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up ..........( ô|’øÏ ) ô|’øÏ yÓfi‚fl $wüj·÷ìï #Óù|Œ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ....
down .... ( ÁøÏ+~øÏ sêe&ÉeTT )ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#˚Ã ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ... ~π>≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
Up & down
1. The aeroplane is flying up. 1. The aeroplane is coming down .
$e÷qeTT ô|’øÏ m>∑Ts¡T‘·Tqï~. $e÷qeTT ÁøÏ+~øÏ edüTÔqï~.
2. The bird is jumping up the sky.
2. The bird is coming down from the sky.

|üøÏå Äø±X¯eTT ô|’øÏ m>∑Ts¡T‘·Tqï~. |üøÏå Äø±X¯eTT qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#·TÃ#·Tqï~.
3. I am flying the kite up the sky. 3. My kite came down from the high.
H˚qT >±*|òü≥eTTqT Äø±X¯+ ô|’øÏ m>∑s¡y˚düTÔHêàqT. Hê >±*|òü≥eTT m‘·TÔ qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#˚Ãdæq~.
4. The monkey is climbing up the tree. 4. The monkey is coming down from the tree.
ø√‹ #Ó≥Tº ô|’øÏ m≈£îÿ‘·Tqï~. ø√‹ #Ó≥Tº ô|’ qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#·TÃ#·Tqï~.
5. The worker is climbing up the ladder. 5. The worker came down from the ladder.
|üìyê&ÉT ì#ÓÃq ô|’øÏ m≈£îÿ‘·THêï&ÉT. |üìyê&ÉT ì#ÓÃq ô|’ qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#êÃ&ÉT.
Under .......... ÁøÏ+<ä ( |üP]Ô>± ÁøÏ+<ä nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ )
below .... ‘·≈£îÿe>± ( |üP]Ô>± ÁøÏ+<ä e÷Á‘·+ ø±<äT ) ‘·≈£îÿe n+‘˚ ...
Under & Below
l i s h
n g
50 E
1. The knife is under the pillow. 1. He got below 50 % marks.
ø£‹Ô ~+&ÉT ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~.
k
n‘·&ÉTn
e % øÏ ‘·≈£îÿe e÷s¡
2 3 9 Tÿ\T ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
2. The village is under the water.
o 2. The boy is below
ˇø£ |üfiËfl≥÷s¡T ˙{Ï ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~. p nu≤“sTT 18 ø£9
S 4 5 18.
+fÒ ‘·≈£îÿe ej·TdüT‡ ø£\yê&ÉT .
u 3. He 0
3. The sim is under his legs.
ÁøÏ+m
ˇø£ dæeTTà n‘·&ç ø±fi¯fl a <ä ñ+~. 9 3
n‘· 9 buys below 2000 /- Rs shirt.
&ÉT 2000 s¡÷! ≈£î ‘·≈£îÿe πs≥T n+^H˚ ø=+{≤&ÉT.
R the table. :
ˇø£ |æ*¢ fÒãT‘Y ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~. ell
4. The cat is under 4. The age limit to get the govt job is below 36.
C
5. The book is under the T.V.
>∑es¡ïyÓT+{Ÿ ñ<Û√´>±ìøÏ 36 ≈£î ‘·≈£îÿe ej·TdüT‡ ñ+&Ü* .
5. He is a below avarage student.
ˇø£ |ü⁄düÔø£eTT {°.M. ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~. n‘·&ÉT kÕ<Ûës¡DeTT ø£+fÒ ‘·≈£îÿe kÕúsTT $<Ûë´]ú.
above ...........( MT<ä , ô|’qH˚ ‘êøÏ ñ+&É&É+... m≈£îÿe>± ø±ø£ )

over ..... (‘·>∑\ ≈£î+&Ü m≈£îÿe>± ñ+&É&É+ )
above & over
1. The lamp is above the table. 1. The bridge is built over the river.
B|üeTT fÒãT˝Ÿ MT<äH˚ ñ+~. Á_&ç® q~øÏ ô|’q m≈£îÿe m‘·TÔ˝À ì]à+#·ã&ç+~.
2. One hundred is above ninety nine. 2. He earned over his expectations.
ˇø£ e+<ä ‘=+u…’ MT<äH˚ ñ+~. n‘·&ÉT ‘·qT nqT≈£îqï<ëìø£+fÒ m≈£îÿeH˚ dü+bÕ~+#ê&ÉT.
3. The tree is 6 metres above the ground. 3. The cat jumped over the gate.
#Ó≥Tº H˚\øÏ 6 n&ÉT>∑T\ ô|’qH˚ ñ+~. |æ*¢ π>≥T ≈£î ô|’qH˚ m–]+~ .
4. The cat stood above the wall. 4. He is over aged to get marry.
|æ*¢ >√&É MT<äH˚ ñ+~. n‘·&øç Ï ô|[fl #˚dTü ø√e&Üìø£+fÒ ej·TdüT‡ m≈£îÿeH˚ ñ+~.
5. He got above 90 marks. 5. He is talking over his limits.
n‘·&TÉ 90 XÊ‘·+ ô|q’ H˚ ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ Hêï&ÉT. n‘·&TÉ ‘·q n<äT|ü⁄ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿeH˚ e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘·THêï&ÉT.
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
for ( Duration of Time )
Since ( Point of Time )
|üì
ü bÁ Õs¡+_Û+∫q ... düeTj·÷ìï |üø±ÿ>± #Ó|Œü &ÜìøÏ |üüì ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq eé~Û >∑T]+∫ #Ó|üŒ&É+
Since & for á ¬s+&ç+{Ïì Future - Perfect - Continuous - Tense ˝ÀH˚ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*
H˚qT 2010 qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚dTü HÔ êïqT. H˚qT 10 dü+!\ qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔHêïqT.
I have been working here since 2010. I have been working here for 10 years.
y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 9 >∑+!\ qT+&ç m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT. y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
We have been waiting for you since 9A.M. We have been waiting for you for 3 hours.
n‘·&TÉ ñ<Û√´>∑eTTø√dü+2005qT+&ç Ç+ø± |Á j
ü T· ‹ïdü÷ñHêï&É
Ô T. n‘·&ÉT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 9 dü+!e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± Á|üj·T‹ïdü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
He has been trying for a job since 2005. He has been trying for a job for 9 years.
neTà ñ<äj·T+ qT+&ç Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+~. neTà 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+~.
Mummy has been cooking since morning. Mummy has been cooking for 3hours.
n~ pHé HÓ\ qT+&ç |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+~. n~ 6 HÓ\\ qT+&ç |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+~.
It has been falling since june month. It has been falling for 6 months.
s¡$ k˛eTyês¡eTT qT+&ç #Ó|Pü Ô ñHêï&ÉT. s¡$ 3 s√E\ qT+&ç #Ó|üPÔ ñHêï&ÉT.
Ravi has been telling since Monday. Ravi has been telling for 3 days.
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ qT+&ç $e]dü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
l i s h
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ $e]dü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
y˚TeTT 2 >∑+!\nùdg
Our teacher has been expalining since 4P.M. Our teacher has been explaining for 4 hours.
|ü⁄ #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïeTT.
y˚TeTT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT qT+&ç #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïeTT.
n E 9
We have been playing chess since afternoon.
yês¡T <ëìì ìqï{Ï qT+&ç yÓ‘T· ≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T. kyês¡
o e T <ëìì 2 s√E\ 2
5 3
We have been playing chess for 2 hours.
qT+&ç yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T.
They have been searching it since yesterday.
n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ qT+&ç ‹+≥÷u ñHêï&É
p 9
ST. n‘·9&0ÉT 24>∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ ‹+≥÷ ñHêï&ÉT.
They have been searching it for 2 days.
a m
He has been eating since 2 o’clock.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\R
9 3 He has been eating for 2 hours.
:T. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄qT+&ç ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
ll
qT+&ç ø±˝Ÿ #˚dü÷Ô ñHêï&É
e
C
My brother has been calling since 3 o’clock.
MTs¡T ìqï{Ï qT+&ç #·÷dü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
My brother has been calling for 3 hours.
MTs¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT qT+&ç #·÷dü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
You have been watching it since yesterday. You have been watching it for a week.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T 2013 qT+&ç |ò”E ø£&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T. MT Hêqï >±s¡T 3 dü+e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç |òE
” ø£&TÉ ‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T.
Your father has been paying the fees since 2013. Your father has been paying the fees for 3 years.
from....qT+&ç .... Present continuous Tense ˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô

¬s+&ÉT $<Ûë\T>± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃ ... ( Point of Time ) & ( Duration of Time )
1. I am working here from 2013. 5. I am working here from 2 years.
H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É 2013 qT+&ç |üì #˚düTÔHêïqT. H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É 2 dü+e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç |üì #˚düTÔHêïqT.
2. We are waiting for you from the morning. 6. We are waiting for you from 5 hours.
y˚TeTT ñ<äj·T+ qT+&ç MT ø√dü+ m<äTs¡T #·÷düTÔHêïeTT. y˚TeTT 5 >∑+!\ ùd|ü{Ï qT+&ç MT ø√dü+ m<äTs¡T #·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
3. The children are playing from 4 o’clock. 7. The children are playing from 3 hours.
|æ\¢\T 4 >∑+!\ qT+&ç Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T . |æ\¢\T 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü{Ï qT+&ç Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T .
4. The students are writing the exams from 26th. 8. The students are writing the exams from 6 days.
$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T 26 e ‘˚B qT+&ç |üØø£å\T sêdüTÔHêïs¡T. $<Ûë´s¡T\
ú T 6 s√»\ bÕ≥T qT+&ç |üØø£\
å T sêdüTHÔ êïs¡T.
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for ..........ø=s¡≈£î ( ø√düeTT )
1. We are waiting for the bus. 1. y˚TeTT ãdüT‡ ø=s¡≈£î y˚∫ ñHêïeTT.
2. He is coming here for my brother. 2. n‘·&ÉT e÷ nqïj·T´ ø√düeTT Çø£ÿ&çøÏ edüTÔHêï&ÉT.
3. She is working for money. 3. ÄyÓT &ÉãT“ ø√düeTT |üì#˚düTÔqï~.
4. I bought this table for having dinner. 4. H˚qT uÀ»qeTT #˚jT· T≥ ø=s¡≈î£ á fÒãT˝ŸqT ø=HêïqT.
5. She went to the market for the vegetables. 5. ÄyÓT ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\ ø=s¡≈£î e÷sYÿ≥Tº≈£î yÓ[fl+~.
6. He is marrying that black girl for dowry. 6. n‘·&TÉ ø£≥ïeTT ø√düeTT Ä q\¢ ne÷àsTTì ô|[fl#d˚ Tü ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
7. Ramu is learning English for his work. 7. sêeTT ‘·q |üì ø√düeTT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêï&ÉT.
8. I am waiting for the bank job. 8. H˚qT u≤´+≈£î ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√düeTT m<äTs¡T #·÷düTHÔ êïqT.
9. I asked him for the story books. 9. H˚qT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\ ø√düeTT n‘·&çì n&ç>±qT.
10. We came here for the studies. 10. y˚TeTT #·<äTe⁄ ø=s¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&çøÏ e#êÃeTT.
of ..........jÓTTø£ÿ
1. I am son of Gopal.
li sh
1. H˚qT >√bÕ˝Ÿ jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷s¡T&çì.
2. She is daughter of Sreedhar.
3. He is friend of mine. Eng 2. ÄyÓT Áo<ÛäsY jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷¬sÔ .
3. n‘·&TÉ Hê jÓTTø£ÿ ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT.
k en 2 3 9
4. This is the scooter of my cousin. 4. Ç~ e÷ ∫Hêïqï jÓTTø£ÿ dü÷ÿ≥s¡T.
o
p 049 5
5. It is the meeting of the ministers. 5. Ç~ eT+Á‘·T\ jÓTTø£ÿ düe÷y˚X¯eTT.
S
u 9
6. This is the factory of our uncle.
m 3
6. Ç~ e÷ e÷ej·T´ jÓTTø£ÿ bòÕ´ø£ºØ.
Ra ll : 9
7. This is the school of poor students. 7. Ç~ ù|<ä $<Ûë´s¡Tú\ jÓTTø£ÿ ã&ç.
8. Ramu is the writer of this book. 8. sêeTT á |ü⁄düÔø£eTT jÓTTø£ÿ s¡#·sTT‘·.
Ce
9. He is the man of quality.
10. This bench is made of wood.
9. n‘·&ÉT eT+∫ >∑TDeTTqT ø£*–q yê&ÉT.
10. Ç~ #Óø£ÿ‘√ #˚j·Tã&çq~.
off ..........‘·–Z+#·T , ‘=\–+#·T , rdæy˚j·TT

1. I want to put off the fan. 1. Hê≈£î bòÕ´qTqT Ä|æyj ˚ ÷· \ì ñ+~.
2. Please ... Put off the light. 2. <äjT· #˚dæ ... ˝…≥
’ TqT Ä]Œyj ˚ T· +&ç...
3. Please ... turn off the T.V. 3.<äjT· #˚dæ ... {°.M.ì rùdj·T+&ç.
4. He switched off the cell. 4. n‘·&TÉ ôd˝Ÿ bò˛HéqT dæ«#Y Ä|òt #˚XÊ&ÉT.
5. Raju put off his shirt . 5. sêE ‘·q n+–ì ‘=\–+#ê&ÉT.
6. They are offering 30 % off. 6. yês¡T 30% ‘·–Z+∫ Ä|òüsY Ç#êÃs¡T.
7. They turned off the program. 7. yês¡T ø±s¡´øÁ e£ ÷ìï Ä|æyX ˚ Ês¡T.
8. The power has gone off. 8. ø£¬s+≥T yÓ[flb˛sTT+~.
9. He has gone off form the party. 9. n‘·&ÉT bÕØº qT+&ç yÓ[fl b˛j·÷&ÉT.
10. Our M.D. has cut off my salary. 10. e÷ j·T+.&û. Hê J‘êìï ø£{Ÿ #˚XÊ&ÉT.
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till ( until ) ( The end point of time ) ¬s+&ÉT düe÷q nsêúìï ÇkÕÔsTT...
till ( until )..... es¡≈£î
1. We worked till / until 8 o’clock. 1. y˚TeTT 8 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î |üì#˚XÊeTT.
2. He works here till evening 6 dialy. 2. n‘·&ÉT Á|ürs√E 6 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&É |üì#˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
3. Raju stayed with us until the last sunday. 3. sêE e÷‘√ á Ä~yês¡eTT es¡≈£î ñHêï&ÉT.
4. We were there in chennai till sunday. 4. y˚TeTT Ä~yês¡eTT es¡≈£î #ÓHÓ’ï˝À ñ+{Ï$T.
5. He slept till 9 A.M. 5. n‘·&ÉT 9 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.

6. You stay here until the rain stops. 6. MTs¡T yêq Äπ>+‘· es¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&˚ ñ+&É+&ç.
7. You stop it until I tell you. 7. ˙e⁄ H˚qT #Óù|Œ+‘· es¡≈£î <ëìì Ä|æy˚sTT.
8. I wait for you until you come. 8. H˚qT ˙e⁄ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î y˚∫ ñ+{≤qT.
9. He scolded me until I became angry. 9. n‘·&ÉT H˚qT ø√|ü+|ü&˚+‘·es¡≈£î qqTï ‹{≤º&ÉT.
10. Please ... Wait until I come. 10. <äj·T#˚dæ ... H˚qT e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î y˚∫ ñ+&É+&ç....
About ..........>∑T]+∫
1. I am thinking about my future.
li sh 1. H˚qT Hê uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ >∑T]+∫ Ä˝À∫düTÔHêïqT.
2. She is asking about her husband.
En
3. The police enquired about the thief.g 2. ÄyÓT ‘·q uÛÑs¡Ô >∑T]+∫ n&ÉT>∑T‘·Tqï~.
3. b˛©düT\T <=+>∑ >∑T]+∫ $#ês¡D #˚XÊs¡T.
4. I knew all about him.
k en 2 3 9 4. Hê≈£î n‘·&ç >∑T]+∫ yÓTT‘·Ô+ ‘Ó\TdüT.
S o
p 049 5
5. I am doubtful about his character. 5. Hê≈£î n‘·&ç ø±´¬sø£ºs¡T MT<ä nqTe÷q+ ñ+~.
6. He worried about his son’s studies. 6. n‘·&ÉT ‘·q ø=&ÉT≈£î jÓTTø£ÿ #·<äTe⁄ >∑T]+∫ ∫+‹+#ê&ÉT.
mu 39
7. Raju is eager to know about me. 7.sêE Hê >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê\ì ÄÁ‘·T‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT.
Ra ll : 9
8. I have a lot of interest to know about you. 8. Hê≈£î MT >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄdüøÏÔ>± ñ+~.
Ce
9. I know well about her family.
10. We are very sad about this matter.
9. Hê≈£î ÄyÓT ≈£î≥T+uÛÑeTT >∑T]+∫ u≤>± ‘Ó\TdüT.
10. y˚TeTT á $wüj÷· ìï >∑T]+∫ #ê˝≤ $#ês¡øs£ +¡ >± ñHêïeTT.
Across ..........n&É¶+>±
1. He went across the road. 1. n‘·&ÉT s√&ÉT¶≈£î n&É¶+>± yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.
2. She ran away across the bridge. 2. ÄyÓT Á_&ç®øÏ n&É¶+>± |ü]¬>‹Ôq~.
3. Ravi can swim across the river. 3. s¡$ q~øÏ n&É¶+>± á<ä>∑\&ÉT.
4. The oldman is going across the road. 4.eTTdü*yê&ÉT s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ n&É+¶ >± yÓfió¯ HÔ êï&ÉT.
5. I drew a line across the page. 5. H˚qT ù|JøÏ n&É+¶ >± ˇø£ ˝…q’ TqT ^#êqT.
6. She went across the railway gate. 6. ÄyÓT ¬s’˝Ò«π>≥T≈£î n&É¶+>± yÓ[fl+~.
7. I am swimming across the canal. 7. H˚qT ø±\Te≈£î n&É+¶ >± á‘·˝≤&ÉT‘·THêïqT.
8. Gopal and I met across each other. 8. >√bÕ˝Ÿ eT]j·TT H˚qT ˇø£]ø=ø£s¡+ n&É¶+>± ø£*XÊeTT.
9. Rani came across me at the temple. 9. sêDÏ Hê≈£î >∑T&ç<ä>∑Zs¡ n&É¶+>± e∫Ã¤+~.
10. The king went across the forest . 10.sêE n&É$øÏ n&É+¶ >± yÓfi≤fl&TÉ .

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Along ...... yÓ+≥ , yÓ+≥H˚ , düø£ÿ>± , ì\Te⁄>± , nqTdü]dü÷Ô , ≈£L&Ü
...
1. She came along with her father. 1. ÄyÓT yêfi¯fl Hêqï yÓ+≥ e∫Ã+~.
2. Go along this road. 2. á s√&ÉT¶ |ü≥Tºø=ì düø£ÿ>± yÓfi¯fl+&ç.
3. I walked along this way. 3. H˚qT á s√&ÉT¶qT nqTdü]dü÷Ô q&ç#êqT.
4. The police ran along with the thief. 4. b˛©düT <=+>∑ m˝≤ yÓ[‘˚ n˝≤ yÓ+≥H˚ |ü]¬>‘êÔ&ÉT.
5. Come along with me where I go. 5. H˚HÓø£ÿ&çøÏ yÓ[‘˚ nø£ÿ&çøÏ Hê yÓ+fÒ sê ...
6. He walked slowly along this road 6. n‘·&TÉ ì<ëq+>± q&ÉT#·Tø=+≥÷ á s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ ì\Te⁄>± yÓfi≤fl&TÉ .
7. The players ran along the beach. 7. Ä≥>±fi¯ófl düeTTÁ<|äÛ ⁄ü ˇ&ÉTq¶ T nqTdü]dü÷Ô |ü]>¬ ‘êÔsT¡ .
8. sêDÏ ^‘·‘√ bÕ≥T ø±˝ÒJøÏ yÓfi¯óÔ+~.
8. Rani goes to the college along with Geeta.
9. I cook along with my mother. 9. H˚qT e÷ neTà‘√ bÕ≥T e+≥ e+&ÉT‘êqT.
10. Our cousin works along with us. 10. e÷ ‘√ bÕ≥T e÷ ∫Hêïqï ø=&ÉT≈£î ≈£L&Ü |üì#˚kÕÔ&TÉ .
between ....eT<Ûä´˝À ... ( ¬s+&ÉT edüTÔe⁄\≈£î ˝Ò<ë Ç<ä›s¡T e´≈£îÔ\≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À )

1. The fight is between Raju and Ravi.
l is h
1. ø£{≤¢≥ ñ+&˚~ sêE ≈£î s¡$øÏ eT<Ûä´˝À .
2. There is no difference between You and me . n g
2. ˙≈£î Hê≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À ô|<ä› ‘˚&Ü @MT ˝Ò<äT.
E
3. I sat between Geeta and Lalitha.
k e n 2 3 9
3. H˚qT ^‘·≈î£ \‘·≈î£ eT<Û´ä ˝À ≈£Ls=ÃHêïqT.
S o
4. Our house is between Raju’s and Shiva’s.
T<ä
5. The war is between India and Pakistan. e
›
4. e÷ Ç\T¢ sêE eT]j·TT •e Ç+&É¢ eT<Ûä´˝À.
TT ñ+&˚ ~ 5
p 6. e÷ Ç\T¢0>∑4T&ç9≈£î bÕs¡Tjÿ≈£÷·î eT<ÛeT]j·ä´˝ÀTT ñ+~.
5. j·
T Ç+&ç bÕøÏkÕÔH\ é eT<Û´ä ˝À.
m u 3 9
6. Our house is between temple and the park.
Ra : 97.oqT
7. Seenu sits between Rajesh and Rakesh. s¡CÒwt≈£î eT]j·TT sêUÒwt ≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À ≈£Ls=Ã+{≤&ÉT
l 8.9. oÁnø£<Ûåssä ¡eY ø±s¡TT ‘C’...
el
8. Sreedhar ran between car and the bus.
C
9. Letter ‘C’ is between ‘B’ and ‘D’.
T≈£î ãdüT‡≈£î eT<Û´ä ˝À |ü]>¬ ‘êÔ&TÉ .
‘B’ ≈£î ‘D’. ≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À ñ+~.
10. 3 comes between 2 and 4 . 10. 3 .... 2 ≈£î 4 ≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À edüTÔ+~.
Among ... ( n+<äT˝À , yê]˝À ) #ê˝≤ eT+~ e´≈£îÔ\˝À .... #ê˝≤ edüTÔe⁄\˝À
1. I like chiru among the heroes. 1. H˚qT V”≤s√\˝À¢ ∫s¡+J$ì Çwüº|ü&É‘êqT.
2. I like soundarya among the heroins. 2. H˚qT V”≤s√sTTq¢˝À¢ kÂ+<Ûäs¡´qT Çwüº|ü&É‘êqT.
3. I love Rani among my friends. 3. H˚qT Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T\˝À sêDÏì Áù|$TkÕÔqT.
4. Rajesh is the best among the students. 4.sêCÒwt n+<äs¡÷ $<Ûë´s¡Tú\˝À ñ‘·ÔeTT&ÉT.
5. Raju sir is the best among the teachers. 5. sêE kÕsY n+~] {°#·s¡¢˝À ñ‘·ÔeTT&ÉT.
6. Suresh is the worst among the players. 6. düTπswt n+<ä] Ä≥>±fi¯fl˝À¢ |üìøÏe÷*q yê&ÉT.
7. I like mangoes among the fruits. 7. Hê≈£î |ü+&É¢˝À¢ e÷$T&ç |ü+&É¢+fÒ Çwü˜+.
8. My father likes me among the 4 children. 8. e÷ Hêqï 4 |æ\¢\˝À¢ qH˚ï Çwüº|ü&É‘ê&ÉT.
9. We read Ramayana among the stories. 9. ø£<∏ä\˝À¢ y˚TeTT sêe÷j·TDy˚T #·<äTe⁄‘êeTT.
10. I like brahmanandam among the comedians. 10.H˚qT ø£MT&çjT· q¢˝À¢ ã
Á Vü‰àq+<ëH˚ï Çwü|º &
ü ‘
É êqT.

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through ...... <ë«sê
1. I saw the thief through the window. 1. H˚qT <=+>∑qT øÏ{ÏøÏ <ë«sê #·÷XÊqT.
2. We go Hyderabad through Kurnool. 2. y˚TeTT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î ø£s¡÷ï\T <ë«sê yÓfi≤ÔeTT.
3. Ravi saw me through the mirror. 3. s¡$ qqTï n<ä+ › <ë«sê #·÷XÊ&ÉT.
4. y˚TeTT ìC≤ìï ø£$‘· <ë«sê ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïeTT.
4. We knew the truth through Kavitha.

5. I knew your address through Rakesh. 5. H˚qT sêUÒwt <ë«sê ˙ nÁ&ÉdüT‡ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïqT.
6. I lost my purse through my negligence. 6. H˚qT Hê nC≤Á>‘
∑ Ô· <ë«sê Hê |üsT¡ ‡qT b˛>=≥Tº≈î£ HêïqT.
7. He got this job through my friend. 7. n‘·&ÉT Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ç <ë«sê ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
8. I got this news through the Newspaper. 8. H˚qT á yês¡q Ô T yêsêÔ |ü‹
Á ø£ <ë«sê ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ HêïqT.
9. We breathe through nose. 9. y˚TeTT eTT≈£îÿ <ë«sê XÊ«düqT |”\TkÕÔeTT.
10. The scientist is seeing through the microscope. 10. XÊÁdüÔE„&ÉT yÓTÆÁø√k˛ÿ|t <ë«sê #·÷düTÔHêï&ÉT.
Near .... <ä>∑Zs¡ , <ä>∑Zs¡>± , <ä>∑Zs¡˝À

1. Our house is near the Talkies.
li sh 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
2. Our school is near the bus-stand.
E ng 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
ken
3. The park is near the Railway-station.
2 3 9 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p ≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
4. Our college is near the zoo.
5. We are near to your house. p
S o 49 5 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï <ä>∑Zs¡˝À ñHêïeTT.
m ucity. 390
6. Our village is near to the 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{°øÏ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
Ra ll : 9
7. Their factory is very near to the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }]øÏ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>∑&ç <ä>∑Zs¡ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is near to C
e
8. Rama is working near by our shop.
the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&çøÏ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
10. The temple is near to the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
far .... <ä÷s¡eTT , <äTs¡+>±

1. Our house is far from the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
2. Our school is far from the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉTqT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
3. The park is far from the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
4. Our college is far from the zoo. 4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
5. We are very far to your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{ÏøÏ <ä÷s¡+>± ñHêïeTT.
6. Our village is very far to the city. 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{°øÏç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
7. Their factory is very far to the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }]øÏ #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
8. Rama is working very far from here. 8. sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is very far from the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç qT+&ç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
10. The temple is very far from the busstand. 10. >∑T&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT qT+&ç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.

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Beside ...... Á|üø£ÿq
1. Our house is beside the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
2. Our school is beside the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
3. The park is beside the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
4. Our college is beside the zoo. 4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
5. We are beside your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï Á|üø£ÿq ñHêïeTT.

6. Our village is beside the city. 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{Ï Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
7. Their factory is beside the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }] Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
8. Rama is working beside our shop. 8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>∑&ç Á|üø£ÿq¡ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is beside the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
10. The temple is beside the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
Besides .... <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T .... ≈£L&Ü

li sh
1. He plays cricket besides football. 1. n‘·&ÉT |òü⁄{Ÿu≤˝Ÿ‘√ bÕ≥T ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ ≈£L&Ü Ä&É‘ê&ÉT.
2. I eat Idlies besides poori.
Eng 2. H˚qT |üPØ\‘√ bÕ≥T Ç&û¢\T ≈£L&Ü ‹+{≤qT.
3. I drink milk besides coffee.
k en 2 3 9 3. H˚qT ø±|ò”‘√ bÕ≥T bÕ\T ≈£L&Ü ‘ê>∑T‘êqT.
S o
4. He speaks English besides Telugu. 4. n‘·&TÉ ‘Ó\T>∑T‘√ bÕ≥T Ç+^¢wt ≈£L&Ü e÷{≤¢&‘
p 049 5
5. We went to Tirupathi besides Goa. 5. y˚TeTT >√yê‘√ bÕ≥T ‹s¡T|ü‹øÏ ≈£L&Ü yÓfi≤fleTT.
É ê&ÉT.
mu 39
6. They prepared non-veg besides sweets. 6. yês¡T d”«≥¢‘√ bÕ≥T HêHéyC ˚ Ÿ ≈£L&Ü ‘·j÷· s¡T#˚XÊs¡T.
Ra ll : 9
7. I read Sakshi besides Vaartha. 7. H˚qT yês¡Ô‘√ bÕ≥T kÕøÏå ≈£L&Ü #·<äTe⁄‘êqT.
Ce
8. She watches serials besides the movies. 8. ÄyÓT dæìe÷\‘√ bÕ≥T d”]j·T˝Ÿ ≈£L&Ü #·÷düTÔ+~.
9. Rani reads stories besides the subjects. 9. sêDÏ düu…®≈£îº\‘√bÕ≥T ø£<∏ä\T ≈£L&Ü #·<äTe⁄‘·T+~.
10. He bought a car besides a bike. 10. n‘·&ÉT u…’≈£î‘√ bÕ≥T ø±s¡T ≈£L&Ü ø=Hêï&ÉT.
Behind ( Back side ) .... yÓqø£

1. Our house is behind the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT yÓqø£ ñ+~.
2. Our school is behind the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT yÓqø£ ñ+~.
3. The park is behind the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT yÓqø£ ñ+~.
4. Our college is behind the zoo. 4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p yÓqø£ ñ+~.
5. We are behind your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï yÓqø£ ñHêïeTT.
6. Our village is behind the city. 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{Ï yÓqø£ ñ+~.
7. Their factory is behind the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }] yÓqø£ ñ+~.
8. Rama is working behind our shop. 8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>∑&ç yÓqø£ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is behind the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç yÓqø£ ñ+~.
10.The temple is behind the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T≈£î yÓqø£ ñ+~.

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infront of ...... eTT+<äs¡
1. Our house is infront of the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
2. Our school is infront of the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
3. The park is infront of the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
4. Our college is infront of the zoo.

5. We are infront of your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ ñHêïeTT.
6. Our village is infront of the hill. 6. e÷ }s¡T ø=+&É eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
7. Their factory is infront of the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }] eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
8. Rama is working infront of our shop. 8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>&ç eTT+<äs¡ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is infront of the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
10. The temple is infront of the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
After .... ‘·sê«‘·

1. We will come after 5 minutes.
is h
1. y˚TeTT 5 ì$TcÕ\ ‘·sê«‘· ekÕÔeTT.
l
2. I will see you after the lunch.
E n g2. H˚qT $TeTà*ï uÛÀ»q+ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷kÕÔqT.
k e n
3. He will come here after 4 o’clock.
2 3 9
3. n‘·&ÉT Çø£ÿ&çøÏ 4 >∑+!\ ‘·sê«‘· ekÕÔ&ÉT.
4. ¬s’\T ˇø£ >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· edüTÔ+~.
S o
4. The train will arrive after 1 hour.
p 049
5. He will return back after 2 days. 5 5. n‘·&ÉT 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· ‹]– ekÕÔ&ÉT.
mu 3 9
6. I will get a job after 2 months. 6. H˚qT 2 HÓ\\ ‘·sê«‘· ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ +{≤qT.
Ra ll : 98.y˚TeTTø=ìïs√E\‘·sê«‘·Bì>∑T]+∫bÕ¢Hé#˚kÕÔeTT.
7. She will return my amount after 1 year. 7. ÄyÓT ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT ‘·sê«‘· Hê &ÉãT“ ‹]– ÇdüT+Ô ~.
Ce
8. We will plan about it after some days.
9. y˚TeTT Bì >∑T]+∫ k˛eTyês¡eTT ‘·sê«‘· #·]ÃkÕÔeTT.
9. We discuss about it after Monday.
10. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ yês¡eTT ‘·sê«‘· Hê≈£î ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔ&TÉ .
10. He will inform us after 1 week.
Before .... eTT+<äT , ÁøÏ‘·eTT

1. We came before 5 minutes. 1. y˚TeTT 5 ì$TcÕ\ eTT+<äT e#êÃeTT.
2. We went there before an hour. 2. y˚TeTT ˇø£ >∑+≥ eTT+<äT yÓ[flb˛j·÷eTT.
3. We joined here before some days. 3. y˚TeTT Çø£ÿ&É ø=ìï s√E\ eTT+<˚ #˚sêeTT.
4. They asked the amount before a week. 4. yês¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT ÁøÏ‘·eTT &ÉãT“qT n&ç>±s¡T.
5. She worked there before 2013. 5. ÄyÓT 2013 ≈£î eTT+<äT nø£ÿ&É |üì#˚dæ+~.
6. I read this book before 1 month. 6. H˚qT ˇø£ HÓ\ ÁøÏ‘·eTT á |ü⁄düÔø±ìï #·~yêqT.
7. We discussed about this before 2 days. 7. y˚TeTT 2 s√E\ øÁ ‘Ï e· TT Bì >∑T]+∫ #·]Ã+#êeTT.
8. He had come to our house before a month. 8. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ HÓ\ ÁøÏ‘·eTT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e∫Ã ñ+&ÓqT.
9. I had written the bank exam before a month. 9. H˚qT ˇø£ HÓ\ ÁøÏ‘·eTT u≤´+≈£î |üØø£åqT sêXÊqT.
10. She had married before a long time. 10. ÄyÓT #ê˝≤ ø±\+ ÁøÏ‘·eTT ô|[fl #˚düTø=ì+~.

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During ...... n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT , n+<äT
1. We went out during the morning. 1. y˚TeTT ñ<äj·T+ n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ãj·T{ÏøÏ yÓfi≤fleTT.
2. We met our relatives during the holidays. 2. y˚TeTT e÷ ã+<ÛäTe⁄\qT ôd\e⁄\+<äT ø£*XÊqT.
3. We enjoy a lot during the holidays. 3. y˚TeTT ôd\e⁄\+<äT #ê˝≤ m+C≤jYT #˚XÊeTT.
4. Ravi came during the summer vacations. 4. s¡$ m+&Ü ø±\+ ôd\e⁄\+<äT e#êÃ&ÉT.
5. He arranged the party during the late night. 5. n‘·&TÉ sêÁ‹ düeTj·TeT+<äT Ä\dü´+>± bÕØº nπs+CŸ #˚XÊ&ÉT.
6. I called you during the meeting. 6. H˚qT düe÷y˚X¯eT|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ˙≈£î ø±˝Ÿ #˚XÊqT.
7. We visit Tirupathi during the summer holidays. 7. y˚TeTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì m+&Üø±\+ ôd\e⁄\+<äT <ä]ÙkÕÔeTT.
8. I change my dress during the night times. 8. H˚qT Hê & Á dÉ Tü ‡qT sêÁ‹ düeTj·TeT+<äT e÷s¡TkÕÔqT.
9. We were not there during that time. 9. y˚TeTT Ä düeTj·TeT|ü⁄Œ&TÉ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò≈î£ +{Ï$T.
10. Don’t disturb me during the sleepy time. 10. |ü&TÉ ≈£îH˚ düeTj·TeT|ü⁄Œ&TÉ qqTï &çds ºü “Y #˚jT· e<äT.›
Towards .... MT<ä>± , yÓ’|ü⁄>± , ~≈£îÿq

1. That car was going towards Hyderabad.
li sh 1. Ä ø±s¡T ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT yÓ’|ü⁄>± yÓfi¯óÔ+&ÓqT.
2. We are reaching towards kurnool.
Eng 2. y˚TeTT ø£s¡÷ï\T MT<äT>± #˚s¡Tø=+≥THêïeTT.
3. He travelled towards the North.
k en 2 3 9 3. n‘·&ÉT ñ‘·Ôs¡+ ~≈£îÿq Á|üj·÷DÏ+#ê&ÉT.
4. á ãdüT‡ u≤+uÒ yÓ’|ü⁄>± yÓfi¯óÔqï~.
S o
4. This bus is going towards Bombay.
p 049 5
5. This train is going towards Bangalore. 5. á ¬s’\T u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T yÓ’|ü⁄>± yÓfi¯óÔqï~.
mu
6. She is coming towards me.
39 6. ÄyÓT Hê yÓ’|ü⁄>± edüTÔqï~.
Ra ll : 9
7. They walked towards the Bus-stand. 7. yês¡T ãkÕº+&ÉT MT<äT>± q&ÉTdü÷Ô yÓfi≤fls¡T.
Ce
8. The children rushed towards the ground. 8. |æ\¢\T yÓTÆ<ÛëqeTT yÓ’|ü⁄>± <ä÷düT¬øfi≤fls¡T.
9. The bus came towards our scooter. 9. ãdüT‡ e÷ dü÷ÿ≥s¡T yÓ’|ü⁄>± e∫Ã+~.
10. Our teacher saw towards me. 10. e÷ {°#·s¡T Hê yÓ’|ü⁄>± #·÷XÊ&ÉT.
Against .... e´‹πsK+>± , $s¡T<ä›+>± , m<äTs¡T>±

1. My brother behaves against me. 1. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT Hê‘√ e´‹πsK+>± Á|üe]ÔkÕÔ&ÉT.
2. He is telling against me. 2. n‘·&ÉT Hê≈£î $s¡T<ä›+>± #Ó|ü⁄ÔHêï&ÉT.
3. She is quite against to me. 3. ÄyÓT Hê≈£î |üP]Ô>± e´‹πsKeTT .
4. They are against to that party. 4. yês¡T Ä bÕØºøÏ e´‹πsKeTT.
5. He put the ladder against the wall. 5. n‘·&ÉT ì#ÓÃqqT >√&É≈£î m<äTs¡T>± ñ+#ê&ÉT.
6. He spoke against the rules. 6. n‘·&ÉT s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ \≈£î $s¡T<ä›+>± e÷{≤¢&Ü&ÉT.
7. The evidance is against him. 7. kÕø£åéTT n‘·&çøÏ e´‹πsK+>± ñ+~.
8. You are doing against to every one. 8. ˙e⁄ Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ $s¡T<ä›+>± #˚düTÔHêïe⁄.
9. You did against what I told. 9. ˙e⁄ Hê Ä»„≈£î e´‹πsK+>± #˚XÊe⁄.
10. The teenagers are against to their parents. 10. ej·TdüT‡˝À ñqïyês¡T yês¡T ‘·*¢ <ä+Á&ÉT\≈£î $s¡T<ä›eTT.

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3. Phrasal - Prepositions
According to : Á|üø±s¡+>±
1. I got this job according to his advice.
n‘·&ç dü\Vü‰ Á|üø±s¡+>± Hê≈£î ñ<√´>∑eTT e∫Ã+~.

2. He got the first rank according to his hard work.
n‘·&ç X
Á e¯ T |Á øü ±s¡+>± n‘·&TÉ yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£îqT kÕ~Û+#ê&ÉT.
Puts down : MT~øÏ HÓ≥Tº
1. My brother puts down his problems on me.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT ‘·q düeTdü´\ìï+{Ïì Hê MT~øÏ H˚fÒºXÊ&ÉT.
2. He puts down all the sins on god.
is
n‘·&ÉT ‘·q bÕ|üeTT\ìï+{Ïì <˚e⁄&çô|’ HÓfgÒºXlÊ&ÉT.
h
E n
Aggreeable to : n+^ø£
k e n ] +#· üã &ç
2 q 3
≥Tº9
1. All her orders S o
pwere aggreeable
4 9 5 to us.
m
ÄyÓT Ä»„ \u 3 9
˙ï e÷ #˚‘· n+^ø£ 0]+#·ã&Ü¶sTT.
2. 50 %R
a l :were 9 agreeable to do the job.
e l
of the students
n+<ä]˝À 50 % eT+~C$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T e÷Á‘·y˚T ñ<Û√´>±ìøÏ n+^ø£]+#·ã&Ü¶s¡T.
Carried on : ø=qkÕ–+#·T
1. We carried on our business for 20 years.
y˚TeTT e÷ yê´bÕsêìï 20 dü+e‘·‡sê\T ø=qkÕ–+#êeTT.
2. Shiva carried on as a private teacher happily.
•e ˇø£ Áô|’y˚{Ÿ {°#·s¡T>±H˚ Äq+<ä+>± ø=qkÕ>±&ÉT.
Pick up : ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&çq$ @s¡Tø=qT
1. The crow picked up the stones from the ground with its mouth.
ø±øÏ H˚\ô|’ ñqï sêfi¯flqT ‘·q H√{Ï‘√ @s=ÿì+~.
2. She asked to pick up the mangoes in the garden.
ÄyÓT ‘√≥˝À ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&ç ñqï e÷$T&ç ø±j·T\qT @s¡T≈£îs¡eTàì n&ç–+~.
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By an accident : nqTø√≈£î+&É>±
1. I met her by an accident.
ÄyÓTqT nqTø√≈£î+&Ü ø£*XÊqT.
2. He won this prize by an accident.
n‘·&ÉT nqTø√≈£î+&É>± á Áô|’CŸqT ¬>*#ê&ÉT.
Along with : yÓ+ã&ç , yÓ+≥

1. I went along with my parents.
H˚qT e÷ ‹*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\ yÓ+ã&ç yÓfi≤flqT.
2. The children went to the library along with the teacher.
|æ\¢\T {°#·s¡T yÓ+ã&ç ˝…’ÁãØøÏ yÓfi≤fls¡T.
Looking for : m<äTs¡T #·÷#·T
li sh
E n g
1. I am loking for the job.
en
H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√düeTTkm<ä 3 9
Ts¡T#·÷düTÔH2êïqT.
po for04her9mother.
2. The baby isSlooking 5
ne÷àsTT m ufl neTà ø√dü3+9m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔqï~.
yêfi¯
Ra ll : 9
C e
Answerable for : düe÷<ÛëqeTT #Ó|üŒ<ä–q
1. He is answerable for his expenses.
n‘·&ÉT ‘·q Ks¡TÃ\≈£î düe÷<ÛëqeTT #Ó|üŒ<ä–q yê&ÉT.
2. I am not answerble for your mistakes.
˙ ‘·|ü⁄Œ\≈£î H˚qT düe÷<ÛëqeTT #Ó|üŒ<ä–qyê&çì ø±<äT.
Pick up : ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&çq$ @s¡Tø=qT
1. The crow picked up the stones from the ground with its mouth.
ø±øÏ H˚\ô|’ ñqï sêfi¯flqT ‘·q H√{Ï‘√ @s=ÿì+~.
2. She asked to pick up the mangoes in the garden.
ÄyÓT ‘√≥˝À ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&ç ñqï e÷$T&ç ø±j·T\qT @s¡T≈£îs¡eTàì n&ç–+~.
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On accont of : Ä ø±s¡DeTT #˚‘·
1. I went to Hyderabad on account of my sister’s wedding.
e÷ #Ó[fl ô|[fl ø±s¡DeTT #˚‘· H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î yÓfi≤flqT.
2. Holiday is declared today on account of teacher’s day.
ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\ ~H√‘·‡e ø±s¡D+>± ás√E ôd\e⁄ Á|üø£{Ï+#ês¡T.

On behalf of : ˇø£] |üøå±q
1. I attended the meeting on behalf of our officer.
e÷ Ä|ò”düs¡T >±] |üøå±q H˚qT MT{Ï+>∑T≈£î Vü‰»s¡j·÷´qT.
2. I am sending this letter on behalf of our institute.
e÷ ÇHé‡{Ï≥÷´{Ÿ |üøå±q H˚qT á ñ‘·Ôsêìï |ü+|ædüTÔHêïqT.
Broke down : Ä–b˛e⁄. glish
E n
1. Our work broke down due to some reasons.
e÷ |üì ø=ìï ø±s¡Do enÄ–b˛sTT+~.
≤\ke\¢ 2 3 9
S p and 4 9 5
2. My studies broke
u down
9 0 I went to a job.
Hê #·<äTae⁄m qT3ñ<√´>±ìøÏ yÓfi≤flqT.
Ä–b˛sTT H˚9
R ll :
Ce
Send off : M&√ÿ\T #Ó|ü⁄Œ
1. The students gave a send off to the transferred teacher.
$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T ã~© ne⁄‘·Tqï {°#·s¡T≈£î M&√ÿ\T #ÓbÕŒs¡T.
2. We gave a send off to our relatives yesterday.
y˚TeTT e÷ ã+<ÛäTe⁄\≈£î ìqï M&√ÿ\T #ÓbÕŒeTT.
Set off : ãj·T\T <˚s¡T

1.Our cricket players set off to India.
e÷ Ä≥>±fi¯ófl Ç+&çj·÷≈£î ãj·T\T <˚sês¡T.
2. I set off from there after I finished my work.
H˚qT Hê |üì |üP]Ô nsTT´q yÓ+≥H˚ nø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç ãj·T\T <˚sêqT.
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Inspite of : nsTTq|üŒ{Ïø°
1. Inspite of not being well I attended the class.
Hê Äs√>∑éTT u≤>∑˝Òq|üŒ{ÏøÏqT H˚qT ø±¢düT≈£î Vü‰»s¡j·T´qT.
2. Inspite of becoming late our teacher accepted to go in.
sêe&É+ Ä \dü´+ nsTTq|üŒ{øÏ qÏ T e÷ {°#s· T¡ ˝À|ü*øÏ yÓfió¯ fl≥≈£î n+^ø£]+#ê&ÉT.
Give up : e~* y˚j·TT ... e÷qTø=qT

1. I give up all my bad habbits.
H˚qT Hê #Ó&¶É n\yê≥¢qT e÷H˚kÕÔqT.
2. No body wants to give up thier jobs to others.
me«s¡÷ ≈£L&Ü ‘·eT ñ<√´>±\qT Ç‘·s¡T\ ø√dü+ e<ä\Tø√e&ÜìøÏ Çwüº|ü&És¡T.
Concerned in : yê´bÕs¡ dü+ã+<Û i s

ä+l >∑\
h
1. My friend is concerned in saleE
n g
k e n 2 3 9
of school books.
S o
Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT dü÷ÿ\T |ü⁄düÔø±\ neTàø£eTT˝À dü+5
ã+<Û
p in the0big49business. ä+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
m u
2. I am concerned
3 9
H˚qT R
l 9
ˇø£aô|<ä› yê´bÕs¡:+˝À dü+ã+<Û+ä >± ñHêïqT.
C e l
By means of : ˝À , >∑÷+&Ü , <ë«sê , MT<äT>± ,
1. He went to Hyderabad by means of the train.
n‘·&ç ¬s’\T˝À ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.
2. She climbed top of the house by means of a ladder.
ÄyÓT ˇø£ ì#ÓÃq MT<äT>± Ç+{Ï ô|’øÏ møÏÿ+~.
Stand by : düVü‰j·TeTT>± ñ+&ÉT.
1. We must stand by our friends in their difficulties.
eTq ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T ø£cÕº\˝À ñqï|ü⁄Œ&ÉT yê]øÏ düVü‰j·TeTT>± ñ+&Ü*.
2. My wife stood by when I was ill.
H˚qT nHês√>∑´+>± ñqï|ü⁄Œ&TÉ Hê uÛ≤s¡´ düV‰ü j·T+>± ñ+&ç+~.
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Contribute to : #·+<ë #Ó*¢+#·T≥
1. We contributed some amout to construct the public school.
y˚TeTT |ü_¢ø˘ dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ ø£≥Tº≥≈£î ø=+#Ó+ &ÉãT“qT #·+<ë>± Ç#êÃeTT.
2. They contributed a lot for the floods victims.
yês¡T es¡<ä u≤~Û‘·T\≈£î #ê˝≤ es¡≈£î #·+<ë>± Ç#êÃs¡T.
Look down : ˙#·eTT>± #·÷#·T , ‘·≈£îÿe>± #·÷&ÉT .

1. Every one looks down if we are poor.
eTq+ ù|<äyês¡yÓTÆ‘˚ Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿs¡T ˙#·eTT>± , ‘·≈£îÿe>± #·÷kÕÔs¡T.
2. We should not look down the poor.
eTq+ ù|<äyê]ì ‘·≈î£ ÿe #·÷|ü⁄‘√ #·÷&Ésê<äT.
In case of : ˇø£ y˚fi¯ gl ish

E n
1. In case of any need , please call
k e n 2 3 9
me 9390495239.
S o
@<Ó’Hê ˇø£ y˚fi¯ nedüs¡yÓTÆ‘˚ , Hê≈£î ø±˝Ÿ #˚sTT 5
p , close 4 9 9390495239.
u
2. In case no body comes
90 the shop early.
ˇø£ y˚fi¯ R
me«s¡ 93 &ç ‘=+s¡>± eT÷dæ y˚sTT.
am÷ sêø£lb˛‘˚: n+>∑
C e l
Depend upon : Ä<Ûës¡|ü&çj·TT+&ÉT
1. Our uncle depends upon us even he married.
e÷ ∫Hêïqï ô|[fl #˚düT≈£îHêï ≈£L&Ü e÷ MT<˚ Ä<Ûës¡|ü&ÉT‘ê&ÉT.
2. The children depend upon their own parents.
|æ\¢\T ‘·eT‘·eT ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\ ô|’H˚ Ä<Ûës¡|ü&É‘ês¡T.
Despire of : ìsêX¯ #Ó+<äT≥
1. He despired a lot when he lost his amount in the bus.
n‘·&ÉT ãdüT‡˝À ‘·q &ÉãT“qT b˛>=≥Tº≈£îqï|ü⁄Œ&ÉT #ê˝≤ ìsêX¯ #Ó+<ë&ÉT.
2. Ravi despired of not getting the govt job still at 36.
s¡$ 36 @fi¯fl≈£î ≈£L&Ü Ç+ø± ñ<Û√´>∑eTT sêq+<äT≈£î #ê˝≤ ìsêX¯ #Ó+<ë&ÉT.
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In favour of : nqT≈£L\+>±
1. He does any work in favour of the poor.
n‘·&ÉT @ |üì #˚dæHê ù|<äyê]øÏ nqT≈£L\+>± #˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
2. All the evidence is in favour of him.
n˙ï kÕøå±´\T ≈£L&Ü yê&çøÏ nqT≈£L\+>± ñHêïsTT.
In order to : ø=s¡≈£î , nedüs¡eTT

1. I bought this car in order to do the business.
yê´bÕs¡eTT #˚j·TT≥ ø=s¡≈£î á ø±s¡TqT ø=HêïqT.
2. I am studying hard in order to get the 1st rank.
H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£î ‘Ó#·TÃø=qT≥ ø=s¡≈£î ø£wüº|ü&ç #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïqT.
For the sake of : ø=s¡≈£î , nedüs¡eTT li s h

E n g
1. I bought this car for the sake of doing business.
yê´bÕs¡eTT #˚j·TT≥ ø=s¡ k e n 2 3
≈£î á ø±s¡TqT5ø=HêïqT.
9
2. I am studying hardSfor
o
p the sake 4 9
m u 3 90 of getting 1st rank.
R a
H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£
l : 9
î ‘Ó#·TÃø=qT≥ ø=s¡≈£î ø£wüº|ü&ç #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïqT.
e l
C to : ≈£L&Ü , <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T
In addition
1. I bought a car in addition to a scooter.
H˚qT dü÷ÿ≥s¡T‘√ bÕ≥T ø±s¡T ≈£L&Ü ø=HêïqT.
2. I am learning Hindi in addition to English.
H˚qT Ç+^¢wt ‘√ bÕ≥T Væ≤+B ≈£L&Ü H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïqT.
In answer to : düe÷<Ûëq+>±
1. I gave this solution in answer to his question.
H˚qT n‘·&ç Á|üX¯ï≈£î düe÷<Ûëq+>± á |ü]cÕÿsêìï Ç#êÃqT.
2. I gave a gift in answer to his help.
n‘·&ç düVü‰j·TeTTq≈£î düe÷<Ûëq+>± H˚qT ˇø£ ãVüQeT‹ì Ç#êÃqT.
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On the basis of : Ä<Ûës¡+>±
1. I learnt English on the basis of this book.
H˚qT á |ü⁄düÔø£eTT Ä<Ûës¡+>± Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃ≈£îHêïqT.
2. I knew many things on this basis of this incident.
á dü+|òüT≥q Ä<Ûës¡+>± mH√ï ø=‘·Ô $wüj·÷\qT ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïqT.
In accordance with : nqTdü]+∫

1. In accordance with his advice I got this job.
n‘·&ç dü\Vü‰\qT nqTdü]+∫ H˚qT ˇø£ ñ<√´>±ìï bı+<ëqT.
2. In accordance with my ideas I am in this position.
Hê ◊&çj·÷\qT nqTdü]+∫ á kÕúsTT˝À ñHêïqT.
In course of : ∫e]øÏ , ‘·T<ä≈£î li s h
E n g
1.In course of his inventions he got the best result.
n‘·&ç |ü]XÀ<äq\‘√ ∫e]øÏ ke n
eT+∫ |òü* 2
‘·+ 3 9
e∫Ã +~.
S o
pprecations
4 9 5
2. In course of taking
T rdüuTø√e&É+‘√
H˚qT eTT+<äT C≤Á>∑‘a·Ô\m 3 90 I am safe today.
R l : 9 ás√E ∫e]øÏ düTs¡øÏå‘·+>± ñHêïqT.
C e l
In responsible to : ã<äT\T>±
1. I gave a reply in responsible to his letter.
n‘·&ç ñ‘·ÔsêìøÏ H˚qT ‹]– ã<äT\T Ç#êÃqT.
2. I did this work in responsible to your help.
MT düVü‰j·÷ìøÏ ã<äT\T>± H˚qT á |üì #˚XÊqT.
Come through : $»j·÷ìï kÕ~Û+#·T
1. Ramu tried a lot to come through the exams.
sêeTT |üØø£å\˝À $»j·÷ìï kÕ~Û+#·T≥≈£î m+‘√ Á|üj·T‹ï+#ê&ÉT.
2. He spent all his life to come through the good name.
n‘·&ÉT eT+∫ ù|s¡TqT kÕ~+#·T≥≈£î ‘·q J$‘êH˚ï Ks¡TÃô|{≤º&ÉT.
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Any doubts please call : RAMU 9390495239
li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

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Ramu’s Institute Of

Written & Edited By

D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

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Printed & Published by :

Copy rights are reserved by the Publishers

This is Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English (RISE) classroom study material.

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MTs¡T #·÷dæq .... H˚s¡TÃ≈£îqï .... Á|æb˛õwüHé |ü<ë\qT

düT\uÛÑyÓTÆq dü÷Á‘·+ .... ]esY‡ dü÷Á‘·+

in Cinema in market ngl

Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç ˙ﬁ¯ﬂ ø=s¡≈£î düeTTÁ<äeTT ÁøÏ+<ä

from office for water under sea

Ç+{Ï ô|’q on the house. ø=+&É ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the hill.

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

|ü⁄düÔø±\˝À¢ among the books. Vô A≥˝Ÿ <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the hotel.

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç from America. bÕs¡Tÿ˝À in the park.

ãkÕº+&ÉT qT+&ç e+≥ s¡÷eTT˝À in the kitchen room.

dü÷s¡T´&ç |ô q’ on the Sun. with the mouth.

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

The Preposition is a word placed

Pre = eTT+<äT Preposition nq>± .... Ç<ä›s¡T e´≈£îÔ\≈£î , edüTÔe⁄\≈£î ,

nø±]¶+>¥ ≥T According to <ëìøÏ nqT>∑TD+>±

nÁ^_¢ ≥T agreebly to n+^ø£è‹‘√

n˝≤+>¥ $‘Y along with <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T

ny˚ Á|òüyéT away from <ä÷s¡eTT>±h

ÇHé|ô d¢ Ät |òt in place of Ä kÕúqeTT˝À

ÇHé πødt Ä|òt in case of ˇø£ y˚ﬁ¯

ÇHé Á|òü+{Ÿ Ä|òt infront of eTT+<äT uÛ≤>∑eTT>∑

u…’ y˚ Ä|òt by way of Ä e÷s¡ZeTTq

Prepositions which indicates the place ... düú˝≤ìï dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T

˝À|ü* düú\eTT ô|’q ( ñ|ü] ) düú\eTT e<ä› ` <ä>∑Zs¡ düú\eTT

in the hotel on the table at the theatre

Prepositions which indicates the Time ... düeTj·÷ìï dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T

in August on Sunday at 6 P.M.

Cel 1. Hê |ü⁄{Ïºq s√E pHé HÓ\˝À 3 e ‘˚Bq ñ+~.

˝À|ü\ ø£<ä\ø£ ñ+&ÉT .... ˝À|ü*øÏ....Á|üy˚•+#·T q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ( ø£<äT\T‘·÷ ) m˝≤ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*

9 0 4 CÀ_˝À|ü \øÏ ô|≥Tºø=+≥THêïqT.

by ..........( #˚‘· ) e´≈£îÔ\ $wüj·T+˝À m≈£îÿe>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔeTT ....

2. She is beaten by Raju 2. I beat it with the hammer.

3. Shiva is on the tree. u S

up ..........( ô|’øÏ ) ô|’øÏ yÓﬁ‚ﬂ $wüj·÷ìï #Óù|Œ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ....

2. The bird is coming down from the sky.

above ...........( MT<ä , ô|’qH˚ ‘êøÏ ñ+&É&É+... m≈£îÿe>± ø±ø£ )

for ( Duration of Time )

from....qT+&ç .... Present continuous Tense ˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô

for ..........ø=s¡≈£î ( ø√düeTT )

off ..........‘·–Z+#·T , ‘=\–+#·T , rdæy˚j·TT

5. He slept till 9 A.M. 5. n‘·&ÉT 9 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

Along ...... yÓ+≥ , yÓ+≥H˚ , düø£ÿ>± , ì\Te⁄>± , nqTdü]dü÷Ô , ≈£L&Ü

between ....eT<Ûä´˝À ... ( ¬s+&ÉT edüTÔe⁄\≈£î ˝Ò<ë Ç<ä›s¡T e´≈£îÔ\≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À )

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

through ...... <ë«sê

4. We knew the truth through Kavitha.

Near .... <ä>∑Zs¡ , <ä>∑Zs¡>± , <ä>∑Zs¡˝À

far .... <ä÷s¡eTT , <äTs¡+>±

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

Beside ...... Á|üø£ÿq

5. We are beside your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï Á|üø£ÿq ñHêïeTT.

Besides .... <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T .... ≈£L&Ü

Behind ( Back side ) .... yÓqø£

˝À|ü\ ø£<ä\ø£ ñ+&ÉT .... ˝À|üøÏ....Á|üy˚•+#·T q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ( ø£<äT\T‘·÷ ) m˝≤ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê