Book - 4: Ramu's Institute of Spoken English

Ramu’s Institute Of
Spoken English
Book - 4
Parts of Speech
Nouns
Kinds of Nouns
Numbers
Genders
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
Printed & Published by :
RISE
Ramu’s Institute Of Spoken English ,
Opp : Govt.General Hospital,
Beside : Apollo Pharmacy ( Medical Stores ),
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239
E-mail: ramuy9845@gmail.com
Website : ramuspokenenglish.com
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This is Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English (RISE) classroom study material.

No part of this book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced in any form
(photocopy, photographs, scanning etc.)
The author and Publishers experience and hard work used all sincere efforts with social
commitment and the courtesy of many references in preparing this book to reach the
students and common people ...
For Franchisee inquiries, you may contact at the given address and telephone numbers.
Any unauthorized reproduction of this material will be immediately dealt with legally.
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Rise Spoken English 1 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Parts of Speech ( uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T )
Rise - Ramu’s Institute Of Spoken English - DVDs & Books - Available - Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Ä yêø£éTT ˝ÀHÓ’Hê... ˇø=ø£ÿ uÛ≤>±ìøÏ n+fÒ ... ˇø=ø£ÿ |ü<ëìøÏ ... ˇø=ø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT ô|{≤ºs¡T ......
n˝≤ ˇø=ø£ÿ ... yêø±´ìï uÛ≤>±\T>± $uÛÑõ+∫ .... yê{Ï >∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüTø=H˚
$wüj·÷H˚ï ... ªª uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T µµ nì ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ....
Ç+^¢wt˝À “Parts of Speech” nì n+{≤s¡T.

‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£s¡DeTT˝À yÓTT‘·Ô+ ... ªª 5 ` uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T>± µµ $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T....
ø±˙
Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY ˝À “ 8 ` Parts of Speech ” \T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T.
8 Kinds of ` Parts of Speech

l ish
n g
E ø£eTT\T9
1. Nouns......................................... HêeTyê#·
k e n 2 3
p o
2. Pronouns....................................
S 904 9 5
düs¡«HêeTeTT\T
m u 3 ÁøÏj·T\T
R a l : 9
3. Verbs..........................................
Ce l
4. Adjectives.................................. $X‚wüDeTT\T
5. Adverbs..................................... ÁøÏj·÷ $X‚wüDeTT\T
6. Prepositions............................... $uøÏÔ Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T
7. Conjunctions.............................. düeTT#·Ã¤j·TeTT\T
8. Interjections.............................. ÄX¯Ãsê´s¡úø£eTT\T
ˇø=ø£ÿ ... $wüj·÷ìï >∑Ts¡T+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+fÒ .... #ê\T

eTq+ Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ Ä |ü<ë\T m+‘√ ñ|üjÓ÷>∑|ü&É‘êsTT ....
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Noun ` HêeTyê#·ø£eTT
Noun is a name of a person , place , thing or an animal ....
Noun .... nq>± ....
ˇø£ .... eTìwæ , düú\eTT , edüTÔe⁄ , »+‘·Te⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTT.
#ê˝≤ düT\uÛÑ+>± ns¡úeTT ø±e&ÜìøÏ
Noun nq>± HêeTyê#·ø£eTT nì ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ns¡úeTT .
‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£s¡DeTT˝À .... HêeTeTT .... nq>± ù|s¡T ...
ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTTH˚ HêeTyê#·ø£eTT ...nì n+{≤s¡T....
n<˚.... e÷~]>±...... Ç+^¢wt ˝À ≈£gLl&Üish
E n
ok 5 2 en nì n+{≤s¡
ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTTqT Noun 39 T.
Sp 049
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
C e
Noun n+fÒ Name
á düèwæº˝À eTq+ #·÷ùd .... ‘êπø .... $H˚ ....
Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ <ëìøÏ ˇø£ ù|s¡T ‘·|üŒì dü]>± ñ+≥T+~...
Ä ù|s¡TH˚˚ eTqeTT Ç+^¢wt ˝À Noun
nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ....
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Noun ( HêeTyê#·ø£eTT )
Noun is a name of any person , place , thing or an animal ....
Noun .... nq>± .... @<Ó’Hê
ˇø£ .... eTìwæ , düú\eTT , edüTÔe⁄ , »+‘·Te⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTT.
Examples ( ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T )
eTqTwüß´\ |ù s¡T¢ Names of

Persons
düú˝≤\ ù|s¡T¢ Names of
Places
sêE Raju ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é Hyderabad

sêDÏ Rani u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T Bangalore
j·THé.{Ï.ÄsY NTR ø£\ø£‘êÔ Culcutta
m.mHé.ÄsY ANR u§+u≤sTT Bombay
dæ+>∑|üPsY Singapur
∫s¡T Chiru
is h
lLondon
ny˚T]ø± America
u≤\T
>±+~Û
Balu
Gandhi n g
E Dubai9
\+&ÉHé
ñwü Usha
ken 2 3
<äTu≤sTT
$TdüºsY C≤Hé. Mr. John. po 95bÕ´]dt
paris
S 904 Australia
$Tôddt . &˚$&é
m u
Mrs . David
3 ÄdtÁfÒ*j·÷
|Á kü Õ<é a
RKiran ll :
Prasad 9 >√yê
Goa
øÏs¡DY
X¯s¡‘Y C
Sharath
e ¬øq&Ü
Canada
ø±øÏHê&Ü
Kakinada
\‘· Latha yÓ’C≤>¥ Vizag
dü+^‘· Sangeeta $»j·Tyê&É Cinema
j·Tdt.|æ. u≤\T S.P. Balu ‹s¡T|ü‹ Church
C≤qøÏ Janaki >∑T&ç Temple
m.ÄsY. ¬sVt≤e÷Hé A.R. Rehman eTdæ®<é ( e÷dt≈£î´ ) Maszid(Mosque)
#·øÁ Ï Chakri p Zoo
eTDÏ X¯s¡à Mani sharma m–®_wÛ Hü é Exhibition
˝Àø£Hê<Ûé Lokanath düs¡ÿdt Circus
$y˚ø±q+<ä Vivekananda bÕsYÿ Park
áX¯«sY Eashwar Ä|ò”düT Office
>√bÕ˝Ÿ.... Gopal...etc ã&ç ( dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ ) School
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Examples ( ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T )
Names of »+‘·Te⁄\ Names of
edüTÔe⁄\ ù|s¡T¢ Things |ü≈£åî\ ù|s¡T¢ Animals & Birds
ô|Hé ( ô|qTï ) Pen &Ü>¥ ( ≈£îø£ÿ ) Dog
ãTø˘ ( |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ) Book ø±´{Ÿ ( |æ*¢ ) Cat
u…+#Y ( ã\¢ ) Bench øö ( Äe⁄ ) Cow

uÀsY¶ ( uÀs¡T¶ ) Board Äø˘‡ ( m<äT› ) Ox
{°.M. T.V. ãô|ò˝À ( π><Ó ) Buffallo
ø£+|üP´≥sY Computer >√{Ÿ ( y˚Tø£ ) Goat
˝≤´|t{≤|t Laptop ôV≤Hé ( ø√&ç ) Hen
yê˝Ÿ ø±¢ø˘ Wall-clock ø±ø˘ ( ø√&ç ô|≥º ) Cock
ø±sY ( ø±s¡T ) Car Vü‰sY‡ ( >∑Ti¿+ ) Horse
ãdt ( ãdüT‡ ) Bus &Ü+ø° ( >±&ç<ä ) Donkey
ÁfÒsTTHé ( ¬s’\T ) Train
s h
\j·THé ( dæ+Vü≤eTT )
i
lTiger Lion
@s√ù|¢Hé ( $e÷qeTT ) Aeroplane
ngf…Æ>∑sY ( |ü⁄* )
E Elephant
u…ø’ ˘ Bike
k en 2 3 9
m*ô|ò+{Ÿ ( @qT>∑T )
u…’dæø£˝Ÿ ( ôd’ø£\T )
ù||üsY
Bicycle
S o 5
p 049 Zebraø±ýÓT˝Ÿ ( ˇ+fÒ )
Camel
JÁu≤ ( ø£+#Ós¡ >±&ç<ä )
Paper
m u 39
dô ˝Ÿ`bò˛Hé
dü÷´{Ÿøπ dt
a
Cell-phone
RSuitcast ll : 9 _j·TsY ( m\T>∑Tã+{Ï )
Bear
Áø√ ( ø±øÏ )
Crow
Á|òæ&é® C
Fridgee bÕ´¬s{Ÿ ( ∫\Tø£ )
Parrot
$+&√ ( øÏ{ÏøÏ ) Window á>∑˝Ÿ ( Á>∑<ä› )
Eagle
&√sY ( yêøÏ* ) Door ÄdtÁ{Ï#Y ( sêã+<ÛäT ) Ostrich
>±¢dt ( >±¢düT ) Glass |”ø±ø˘ ( HÓeT* ) Peacock
>√˝Ÿ¶ ( ã+>±s¡eTT ) Gold ùdïø˘ ( bÕeTT ) Snake
dæ\«sY ( yÓ+&ç ) Silver kÕÿ]Œj·THé ( ‘˚\T ) Scorpion
yê≥sY ( ˙fi¯ófl ) Water Áø±uŸ ( m+Á&Éø±j·T ) Crab
Noun is a name of a person , place , thing or an animal.

ˇø£ .... eTìwæ , düú\eTT , edüTÔe⁄ , »+‘·Te⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT Noun .... . n+{≤s¡T.
Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT .... MTs¡T #˚j·Te\dæq |üì MT≈£î ‘Ó*dæq ø=+<ä] e´≈£îÔ\ ù|s¡T¢ ,
eTqTwüß´\ ù|s¡T¢ , ø=ìï düú˝≤\ ù|s¡T¢ , ø=ìï edüTÔe⁄\ , »+‘·Te⁄\ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡¢qT
ˇø£ H√{Ÿ ãTø˘˝À kı+‘·+>± ....sêj·T+&ç .... Nouns .... >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüTø√+&ç....
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5 - Kinds of Nouns
Nouns \qT 5 s¡ø±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T ...
1. Proper Noun. 1. ÁbÕ|üsY HÍHé

2. Common Noun. 2. ø±eTHé HÍHé
3. Collective Noun. 3. ø£˝…øÏºyé HÍHé
4. Material Noun. 4. yÓT{°]j·T˝Ÿ HÍHé
5. Abstract Noun. 5. nuŸÁkÕºø˘º HÍHé
li sh
Eng
1. Proper Nounk en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
m u 2. Common
39
Ra ll : 9 Noun
Ce
5 Kinds
Of 3. Collective Noun
Nouns
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun
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1. Proper Noun
Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ˇø£]øÏ e÷Á‘·y˚T .... #Ó+~q ... ù|s¡T
A Proper Noun is the name of a

Perticular ... person , place , thing or an animal .
Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ˇπø e´øÏÔøÏ >±ì , ˇπø düú\eTTq≈£î >±ì

ˇπø edüTÔe⁄q≈£î >±ì ˇπø »+‘·Te⁄q≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T #Ó+~q h ù|s¡T....
li s
Ä ù|s¡T Á|ü‘˚´ø£eTT>± ˇπø e´øÏÔπøE,nˇπgø edüTÔe⁄πø
e n 3 9
ok Te⁄πø4#Ó9+5~2ñ+≥T+~.
ˇπø düú\eTTqπø ˝Ò<ë ˇπSøp»+‘·
u 90
n˝≤+{Ï ù|s¡TaqTmProper93Noun nì n+{≤s¡T .
R ll :
Ce
Proper Noun
Perticular... Perticular...
Name of a
Person Animal
Perticular... Perticular...
Place Thing
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Proper Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Perticular... Perticular... Perticular... Perticular...
Persons Places Things Animals

V.I.P. Suitcase Names of
Raju Hyderabad Nescafe Some
Rani Bangalore Gemini Tea Pet - animals
NTR Samsung cell
Culcutta
Canon Xerox.
ANR Bombay Intel Board Puppy
Chiru Singapur Ahuja Mike Tommy
Balu America L.G. T.V...etc Tony...etc
Gandhi London
li sø=ìïh »+‘·Te⁄\≈£î
Usha Dubai n g
E Á9
Perticular...
eTT<äT› |ù s¡T¢ ô|≥Tº≈î£ +{≤eTT
Days
Mr. John. Paris
k en 2 3
|‘ü ´˚ ø£+>± |ô ≥Tº≈î£ qï |ù s¡TqT
Proper Noun nì #Ó|Œü e#·T.Ã ..
Mrs . David
p o
Australia
95 Sunday
S 904 Perticular...
Monday
Prasad
m u
Goa
3 Tuesday
Kiran
Ra Canada
l : 9 Festivals
Wednesday
Sharath
Latha Cel
Kakinada
Thursday
Friday Pongal
Vizag Saturday Dasara
Sangeeta Ugadi
Vijayawada Perticular... Holi
S.P. Balu Thirupathi Months Vinayaka Chavithi
Janaki Mysoor January
Ramzan ( eid )
Bakrid ( eid )
A.R. Rehman Delhi February
Christmas
March
Chakri Hospet April Good Friday..etc
Mani sharma Hampi May Perticular...
June News Papers
Lokanath Ooty July & Channels
Vivekananda Nepal August
September The Hindu,
Eashwar China October Deccan Chronicle
Gopal...etc E-T.V. , Gemini
Japan...etc. November
T.V. 9 ... etc...
December
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2. Common Noun
kÕ<Ûës¡DyÓTÆq ù|s¡T ˝Ò<ë ˇπø C≤‹øÏ #Ó+~q ù|s¡T
A Common Noun is the name of a

Common ... person , place , thing or an animal .
ˇπø C≤‹øÏ , ˇπø s¡ø£eTTq≈£î #Ó+~q

e´≈£îÔ\≈£î >±ì , düú\eTT\≈£î >±ì , edüTÔe⁄\≈£îs>±ì
h ,
gli
»+‘·Te⁄\≈£î >±ì #Ó+~q{Ïº ù|s¡ETqTn ‘Ó\T|ü⁄
k en 2 39
HêeTyê#· p ø
o£e TTq≈£î ....95
u S 90 4
Common
m 3 #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ....
Nouns
Ra ll : 9
nì
Ce
Common Name of a Common
Person Animal
Common Common
Place Thing
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Common Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Common... Common... Common... Common...

Persons Places Things Animals
Doctor Village Book Animal

Lawyer Town Slate Cow
Captain City Pen Ox
Cricketer Country Pencil Goat
Teacher State Chair
Boy Hen
River Table
Cock
Girl Sea
li sh Bench
Son
Daughter
Ocean
Eng Heater
Cooker
Donkey
Monkey
Student
Ground
k en 2 3 9 Cell phone
Friend
Hill
S o
p 049
Mountain
5 T.V.
Horse
Lover muPark 39 Player

Zebra
Driver Ra ll : 9
Hospital Microphone
Lion
Conductor
Scientist
CeCircus
Zoo
Computer
Laptop
Tiger
Leopard
Artist Exhibition D.V.D. Chimpanzee
Painter Cinema hall C.D. Rhinocerus
Follower School Match box Fish
Viewer Church Scissors Frog
Enemy Temple Keys
Crocodile
Supporter Mosque Lock
Runner R- station Scooter Snake
Winner Bus-stand Aeroplane Scorpion
Fighter ...etc Office... etc Cycle... etc Bird ... etc
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3. Collective Noun
ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T
A Collective Noun is the name of a

Collection of persons , things or animals .
e´≈£îÔ\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ , edüTÔe⁄\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ ....

»+‘·Te⁄\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ ......‘Ó*ù|gù|ls¡iTsqTh
E n
Collective Noun k e n
nì #Ó|üŒ 2
e#·TÃ.3
...9
S o
p 049 5
m u 39
Ra lCollective
l : 9
C e
Noun is
Collection of
Name of a Collection of
Persons Animals
Collection of
Collection of Things
Places
Ç+^¢wt˝À düú˝≤\ ø£\sTTø£ ˝Ò<äT .... ñ+&É<äT
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Collective Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T

Crowd = a collection of people

( »q düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( Á|ü»\ >∑T+|ü⁄ )
Army = a collection of soldiers
( ôd’ì≈£î\ düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( ôd’qéTT )
fleet = a collection of ships
( z&É\ düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( z&É\ >∑T+|ü⁄ )ngl i s h
Herd = a collection of ecattle n E 9
o k 5 2 3
( Äe⁄\ düeT÷Vü≤ueTTS(pÄe⁄\ eT+<ä 0 4 9)
m 9 3 9
Bunch R = aa collection
l : of grapes
l
e ≤eTT ( Á<ëøå± |ü+&É¢ >∑T#·Ã )
( Á<ëøå± |ü+&É¢ düC
eT÷Vü
flock = a collection of children
( |æ\¢\ düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( |æ\¢\ eT+<ä ) )
Team = a collection of players
( Ä≥>±fi¯fl düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( »≥Tº ) )
Ç˝≤ ... ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT
Collective Noun nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ
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4. Material Noun
@<Ó’Hê |òüTq |ü<ës¡úeTT ˝Ò<ë Á<äe |ü<ës¡úeTT jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT
Material Noun is a name of

a material or a substance
Material nq>± |ü<ës¡úeTT nì ns¡úeTT
|ü<ës¡úeTT\T eTTK´+>± ¬s+&ÉT ......
1. |òüTq |ü<ës¡úeTT ( >∑{Ïº$ ) 2.Á<äe |ü<ës¡ is
lúeTT h
n g
ø±ã{Ïº .. |òüTq |ü<ës¡úeTT ˝Ò<ëkÁ<eäen|ü<Eës¡úeTT2jÓ3T9Tø£ÿ
p o 9 5
ù|s¡TqT
m u S 904 üŒe#·TÃ
Material
3
Noun nì #Ó|
Ra l : 9
l
CeMaterial
Noun
Solid Liquid
Material Material
( |òüTq ) >∑{Ïº |ü<ës¡úeTT Á<äe |ü<ës¡úeTT
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Material Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Gold
Salt
Iron
Silver
Bronze
Copper
Steel
Aluminum
Lead
li
Milks h
Solid Gem Liquid ng
n E Water9
Materials Diamond
ok e
Materials
52 3
Petrol
Coral
Sp 04 9
( |òüTq ) >∑{Ïº aCoal
m u 39 Á<äe
Kerosine oil
R : 9 Diesel
|ü<ës¡úeTT\T Plasticell |ü<ës¡úeTT\T ... etc
Calcium
C
Rubber
Silk
Cotton
Glass
Fiber
Paper
Plywood
Cement
Soap
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5. Absract Noun
ˇø£ e´øÏÔ jÓTTø£ÿ dü«uÛ≤eeTT , |üì‘·qeTT ˝Ò<ë dæ‹ú jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T
An Abstract Noun is the name of a

a quality , action or a state
ˇø£ e´øÏÔ jÓTTø£ÿ dü«uÛ≤eeTT , |üì‘·qeTT ˝Ò<ë dæ‹ú jÓTTø£ÿ ù|hs¡TqT

s gl#Ói|üŒe#·TÃ
‘Ó*j·TCÒùd |ü<äeTTqT Abstract Nounnnì
n E 9
ok e 523
S p 049
mu 39
RaAbstract
l : 9
el Noun
C
Name of a
Quality
State
dü«uÛ≤eeTT dæú‹
Action
|üì‘·qeTT
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Abstract Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Quality Action State

dü«uÛ≤eeTT |üì‘·qeTT dæ‹ú

Goodness Laughter Childhood
eT+∫ ‘·qeTT qe⁄« ∫qï ‘·qeTT
Kindness Boyhood
Theft
<äj·T , C≤* u≤\´.eTT
sh
Darkness <=+>∑ ‘ ·q eTT g l i
EnYouth
Nø£{Ï , yÓTTãT“ Movement ke n j·T
2 3 9
e«qeTT
Hardness ø£ <
S ä * o 5
pø£ 049Slavery
mu 3 9
>∑{Ïº ‘·qeTTRa Judgement
l : 9 u≤ìdü‘«· eTT
Brightness Cers¡ l TŒ Sleep
yÓ\T>∑T Hatred ìÁ<ä
Honesty Sickness
ìC≤sTTr <˚ «wü e TT
nHês√>∑éTT
Wisdom Obediance
Death
‘Ó*$ $<Ûj
˚ T· ‘· #êe⁄
Bravery Growth Poetry
<ÛÓ’s¡éTT... etc ô|s¡T>∑T<ä\... etc ø£·$‘·«eTT... etc
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Nouns & Numbers
HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T e#·qeTT\T
Every Noun has 2 Numbers .

Á|ü|rü HêeTyê#·ø£eTTq≈£î .... 2 e#·qeTT\T ñ+{≤sTT ...
1. Singular Numbers ( @ø£ e#·qeTT\T )

&
h )
2. Plural - Numbers. ( ãVüQ e#·lqiseTT\T
n g
E, the noun
When One thing is spoken about
k e n 2 3 9 used ,
It is said to be as p inoSingular 9 - 5Number.
u S 904
a m 93
] >∑T]+∫ #Ól|ù lŒ |ü:<ë\qT .... @ø£e#·qeTT\T nì #Ó|Œü e#·TÃ
ˇø£{Ï ... ˝Ò<ë ˇø£R
C e
ˇø£fÒ ñ+fÒ .... @ø£e#·qeTT .....
When more than one thing is spoken about , the noun used ...
It is said to be as in Plural - Number
ˇø£{ÏøÏ $T+∫q ¬s+&ÉT ˝Ò<ë n+‘· ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿe

( #ê˝≤ ) >∑T]+∫ #Óù|Œ |ü<ë\qT ....
ãVüQ e#·qeTT\T nì #Ó|üŒ e#·TÃ
ˇø£{ÏøÏ $T+∫ m≈£îÿe>± ñ+fÒ ..... ãVüQe#·qeTT\T
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Nouns & Numbers - Examples
e#·qeTT\T ` ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Singular - Numbers Plural - Numbers
@ø£ e#·qeTT\T ãVüQ e#·qeTT\T
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫e]øÏ ‘s’nì #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·Ô |ü<äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >± e÷s¡T‘·T+~
eye ø£qTï eyes ø£fió¯ fl
hand #˚sTT hands #˚‘T· \T
tree #Ó≥Tº trees #Ó≥T¢
cow Äe⁄ cows Äe⁄\T
year dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT years dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT\T
rose s√C≤|ü⁄e⁄« roses s√C≤|ü⁄e⁄«\T
shop n+>∑&ç shops n+>∑fi¯ófl
cap {À|æ caps {À|”\T
book |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT books |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT\T
pen ô|qTï pens ô|qTï\T
boy
dog
u≤\T&ÉT
≈£îø£ÿ
boys
dogs
l ish u≤\Ts¡T
≈£îø£ÿ\T
apple Ä|æ˝Ÿ |ü+&ÉT apples
n g
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Ä|æ˝Ÿ |ü+&ÉT ¢
Ô |ün
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫e]øÏ ‘es’nì #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·e <äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >±3
po k 9 5 2
box
ass
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boxes
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dish
glass a m
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glasses
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brush brushes ãÁ wüß¸\T
watch >∑&C
j eTT watches >∑&j
ç ÷· s¡eTT\T
bench ã\¢ benches ã\¢\T
bunch >∑T#·Ã bunches >∑T#·Ã\T
church #·]Ã churches #·Ø\Ã T
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Mango e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉT Mangoes e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉT¢
Potato ã+>±fi¯<äT+|ü Potatoes ã+>±fi¯<äT+|ü\T
Cargo z&É˝Àì düsT¡ ≈£î Cargoes z&É˝Àì düsT¡ ≈£î\T
mosquito <√eT mosquitoes <√eT\T
hero V”≤s√( Á|ü<Ûëq bÕÁ‘· <Ûës¡T&ÉT ) heroes V”≤s√\T ( Á|ü<Ûëq bÕÁ‘· <Ûës¡T\T)
negro q\¢ C≤‹ yê&ÉT negroes q\¢ C≤‹ yêfi¯ófl
buffalo π><Ó buffaloes π><Ó\T
tomoto ≥yÓ÷≥ tomotoes ≥yÓ÷{≤\T
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∫e]øÏ ‘o’ñqï ≈£L&Ü ø=ìï @ø£e#·Hê\≈£î ‘s’e÷Á‘·y˚T #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·Ô |ü<äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >± e÷s¡T‘·T+~
radio sπ &çj÷Ó radios sπ &çj÷Ó \T

piano |æj·÷H√ pianos |æj·÷H√\T
bamboo yÓ<äTs¡T u§+>∑T bamboos yÓ<äTs¡T u§+>∑T\T
photo #Ûêj·÷ ∫Á‘·eTT photos #Ûêj·÷ ∫Á‘ê\T
auto Ä{À autos Ä{À\T
ratio ìwüŒ‹Ô ratios ìwüŒ‘·TÔ\T
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫es¡ ‘ -y ’ñ+&ç ... Ä ‘ -y ’eTT+<äT Vü≤\T¢ ñ+fÒ .. ‘ -y ’ì ‘ i ’>± e÷]Ã ‘es’ø£\bÕ*
baby _&É¶ babies _&É\¶ T
city q>∑s¡eTT cities q>∑sê\T
á>∑
fly
lady dÁ Ô”
flies
ladies
l i s h
á>∑\T
Ád”Ô\T
story
army
ø£<∏ä
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stories
armies
E n g ø£<∏ä\T
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pony >∑Ti¿+ |æ\¢
k e n
ponies
2 3 9
>∑Ti¿+ |æ\¢\T
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boy
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monkey ø√‹C
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toys
monkeys
Ä≥ edüTÔe⁄\T
ø√‘·T\T
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ray rays
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donkey >±&ç<ä donkeys >±&ç<ä\T
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knife ø£‹Ô knives ø£‘T· \Ô T

calf <ä÷&É calves <ä÷&É\T
leaf Ä≈£î leaves Ä≈£î\T
thief <=+>∑ thieves <=+>∑\T
wife uÛ≤s¡´ wives uÛ≤s¡´\T
wolf ‘√&˚\T wolves ‘√&˚fió¯ fl
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ø=ìï @ø£ e#·Hê\≈£î ..ñqï n#·TÃ\qT ... e÷πsÃdæ ... y˚πs n#·TÃ\qT CÀ&çùdÔ n$ ãVüQe#·Hê\T>± e÷]b˛‘êsTT
goose u≤‘·T geese u≤‘·T\T
tooth |üqTï teeth |üfi¯ófl

man |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ÉT men |ü⁄s¡Twüß\T
woman eTVæ≤fi¯ women eTVæ≤fi¯\T
foot bÕ<äeTT feet bÕ<äeTT\T
mouse #·T+#Ó\Tø£ mice #·T+#Ó\Tø£\T
ø=ìï @ø£e#·Hê\T á $<Ûä+>± ≈£L&Ü ãVüQe#·Hê\T>± e÷s¡T‘êsTT

Son - in -law n\T¢&TÉ Sons - in -Law n\T¢fi¯ófl
Daughter - in - law ø√&É\T Daughters - in - Law ø√&Éfió¯ fl
Father - in - law e÷ej·T´ Father s- in - Law e÷ej·T´\T
mother - in - law n‘·j
Ô T· ´ mothers - in - law n‘·j
Ô T· ´\T
man - servant eT>∑ |üì eTìwæ men - servant
l i s h
eT>∑ |üì eTqTwü\T
maidservant
Stepson
Ä&É |üì eTìwæ
düe‹ø=&ÉT≈£î
maidservants
Stepsons
E n g Ä&É |üì eTqTwüß\T
düe‹ ø=&ÉT≈£î\T
stepmother düe‹‘·*¢
n
stepmothers
e
k 9H5ê\T>±2e÷s¡T‘êsTT 3 9
düe‹ ‘·\T¢\T
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deer ˝Ò&ç deer ˝Òfió¯ fl
fish #˚|ü fish #˚|ü\T
swine |ü+~ swine |ü+<äT\T
rice _j·T´+ –+» rice _j·T´+
news yês¡Ô news yês¡Ô\T
ø=ìï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ @ø£ e#·Hê\T>±H˚ .... ñ+{≤sTT ...

Wood ( #Óø£ÿ ) Water ( ˙s¡T ) Iron ( ÇqTeTT ) Sugar ( |ü+#·<ës¡ ) .........
ø=ìï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ ãVüQ e#·Hê\T>±H˚ .... ñ+{≤sTT ...

Scissors ( ø£‘ÓÔs¡ ) Spectacles ( ø£fi¯flCÀ&ÉT ) Trousers ( ÇC≤s¡T )
Pincers ( ÁXÊeDeTT ) Mathematics ( >∑DÏ‘·eTT ) ..........
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Nouns & Genders
HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T *+>∑eTT\T
á düèwæº˝À ñqï nìï+{ÏøÏ ....

eTqTwüß´\T ..... edüTÔe⁄\T .... »+‘·Te⁄\T ....
Ç˝≤ y˚{Ï¬ø’Hê *+>∑uÛÒ<ä+ ‘·|üŒì dü]>± .... ñ+≥T+~ ...
eT>∑ ` nsTT‘˚ ... |ü⁄s¡Twü C≤‹øÏ #Ó+~qyÓ’‘˚

Masculine - Gender ( |ü⁄*¢+>∑eTì )
li sh
Ä&É ` nsTT‘˚ ..... Ád”Ô C≤‹øÏ #Ó+E n g
~qyÓ’‘˚
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S o
p 0( 4Ád”Ô 9*+>∑eTì ) 5
Feminine
m u - Gender
3 9
Ra ll : 9
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nsTT‘˚
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@ *+>∑eTT ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ ....
Neuter - Gender ( q|ü⁄+düø£ *+>∑eTì )
á $<Ûä+>± 4 Genders 4 *+>∑eTT\T ñqï$

M{Ï >∑T]+∫ ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\‘√ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+
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Nouns & Genders - Examples
*+>∑eTT\T ` ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Masculine - Genders Feminine - Genders
|ü⁄*¢+>∑eTT\T Ád”Ô *+>∑eTT\T
|ü<ë\T |üP]Ô>± e÷s¡T‘·÷

Man |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ÉT Woman dÁ Ô”
Boy nu≤“sTT Girl ne÷àsTT
Clot >∑TÁs¡+ |æ\¢ Filly Ä&É >∑TÁs¡+ |æ\¢
Dog ≈£îø£ÿ Bitch Ä&É ≈£îø£ÿ
Father Hêqï Mother neTà
Son ø=&ÉT≈£î Daughter ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Brother nqïj·T´ ( ‘·eTTà&ÉT ) Sister nø£ÿj·T´ ( #ÓfiËfl\T )
King sêE
li sh Queen sêDÏ
Villain
nj·÷´ ! E g
|Á ‹ü Hêj·T≈£î&ÉT
n
Vamp
Madam
Á|ü‹ Hêj·T≈£îsê\T
ne÷à !
Sir
Horse
k en
>∑TÁs¡eTT
2 3 9 Mare Ä&É >∑TÁs¡eTT
Fox
S o
p 049
qø£ÿ 5 Vixen Ä&É qø£ÿ
Gander
mu u≤‘·T
39 Goose Ä&É u≤‘·T
Drone
Ra ll : 9
‘˚HÓ{°>∑ Bee Ä&É ‘˚HÓ{°>∑
Ce
Pig |ü+~ Sow Ä&É |ü+~
Bull (ox ) m<äT› Cow Äe⁄
Cock ø√&ç|⁄ü +E Hen ø√&ç ô|≥º
Lad ∫qï |æ\¢yê&ÉT Lass ∫qï bÕ|ü
Monk düHê´dæ Nun düHê´dæì
Uncle ∫Hêïqï Aunty ∫qïeTà
Papa Hêqï Mama neTà
Husband uÛÑs¡Ô Wife uÛ≤s¡´
Nephew k˛<äs¡Tì ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT Niece k˛<äsT¡ ì ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Hero Hêj·T≈£î&ÉT Heroin Hêj·T≈£îsê\T
Bachelor ÁãVü≤à#ê] maid ÁãVü≤à#ê]ì
Gentleman eTsê´<äädüTÔ&ÉT lady eTsê´<ädüTÔsê\T
Widower uÛ≤s¡´ #·ìb˛sTTq yê&ÉT Widow uÛÑs¡Ô #·ìb˛sTTq Ád”Ô
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Masculine - Genders Feminine - Genders
|ü⁄*¢+>∑eTT\T Ád”Ô *+>∑eTT\T
Masculine - Genders ∫e]øÏ ‘ess ’#˚]Ã‘˚ Feminine - Genders >± e÷s¡T‘êsTT
Author s¡#s· TT‘· Authoress s¡#·sTTÁ‹
Baron »MT+<ës¡T&ÉT Baroness »MT+<ës¡Tsê\T
Giant ô|<ä› Äø±s¡eTT ø£*–qyê&ÉT Giantess ô|<ä› Äø±s¡eTT ø£*–q Ád”Ô

Heir yês¡dTü &ÉT Heiress yês¡düTsê\T
Host n‹<∏äT\qT Ä<ä]+#·Tyê&ÉT. Hostess n‹<∏äT\qT Ä<ä]+#·T Ád”Ô
Lion dæ+Vü≤eTT Lioness Ä&É dæ+Vü≤eTT
Manager ìs¡«Væ≤+#·Tyê&ÉT Manageress ìs¡«Væ≤+#·T Ád”Ô
Patron b˛wü≈î£ &ÉT Patroness b˛wü≈î£ sê\T
Poet ø£$ Poetess ø£$sTTÁ‹
Priest |ü⁄s√Væ≤‘·T&ÉT Priestess |ü⁄s√Væ≤‘·Tsê\T
Steward uÛÀ»q edü‹ ø£*Œ+#·Tyê&ÉT Stewardess uÛÀ»q edü‹ ø£*Œ+#·T Ád”Ô
Masculine - Genders \˝Àì ø=ìï nø£åsê\qT e÷]ùdÔ Feminine - Genders >± e÷s¡T‘êsTT
|ü⁄* Ä&É |ü⁄*
Tiger
God <˚e⁄&ÉT
Tigress
li s
Goddess h <˚e‘·
Actor
Negro
q≥T&ÉT
q\ ¢C≤‹ yê&ÉT
E n gActress
Negress
q{Ï
q\ ¢C≤‹ Ád”Ô
Waiter
k e
¨≥˝Ÿ |ü]#ês¡≈£î&ÉTn 3 9
Waitress
2
¨≥˝Ÿ |ü]#ês¡≈£îsê\T
Prince
Master >∑Ts¡Te⁄
S o
sê≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT
p 049 5 Princess
Mastress
sê≈£îe÷¬sÔ
Ä&É >∑Ts¡Te⁄
Hunter
m u
y˚≥>±&ÉT
sêsêE 3 9 Huntress y˚{≤&ÉT Ád”Ô
Emperor
CommonR
a
- Genders ll :
9 Empress
Neuter - Gender
sêsêDÏ
…Æ ñ+&Éee#·TÃ
eT>∑ ˝Ò<ë Ä&É @<√ ˇø£fC Ç≥T eT>∑ ` n≥T Ä&É ø±≈£î+&Ü ... ñ+&˚$
ÁbÕDeTT ˝Òì$ ... nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ
Child bÕ|ü ` u≤ãT
Doctor yÓ’<ÛäT´&ÉT ` yÓ’<ÛäT´sê\T House Ç\T¢
Lawyer Ä&É˝≤j·Ts¡T ` eT>∑˝≤j·Ts¡T Knife ø£‹Ô
Friend ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT ` ùdïVæ≤‘·Tsê\T Tree #Ó≥Tº
Cousin ∫Hêïqï ø=&ÉT≈£î ` ∫Hêïqï ≈£L‘·Ts¡T Chair ≈£îØÃ
Person Ä&É e´øÏÔ ` eT>∑ e´øÏÔ Bench ã\¢
Pupil n&É $<Ûë´]ú ` eT>∑ $<Ûë´]ú Ball ã+‹
Teacher Ä&É >∑Ts¡Te⁄ ` eT>∑ >∑Ts¡Te⁄ Bat u≤´≥T
Student Ä&É $<Ûë´]ú ` eT>∑ $<Ûë´]ú T.V. {°.M.
Lover Á|æj·TT&ÉT ` Á|æj·TTsê\T Computer ø£+|üP´≥s¡T
Helper düVü‰j·T≈£î&ÉT ` düVü‰j·T≈£îsê\T Laptop ˝≤´|t{≤|t
Well-wisher eT+∫ø√s¡Tyê&ÉT ` eT+∫ø√s¡T Ád”Ô Scooter dü÷ÿ≥s¡T
Sweeper ≈£düTe⁄q÷≈£îyê&ÉT ` ø£düTe⁄q÷≈£î Ád”Ô Bus ãdüT‡
Worker |üì#˚j·TTyê&ÉT ` |üì#˚j·TT Ád”Ô Car... ø±s¡T
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Book - 4: Ramu's Institute of Spoken English

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Ramu’s Institute Of

Written & Edited By

D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Printed & Published by :

Copy rights are reserved by the Publishers

This is Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English (RISE) classroom study material.

Parts of Speech ( uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T )

Ç+^¢wt˝À “Parts of Speech” nì n+{≤s¡T.

8 Kinds of ` Parts of Speech

ˇø=ø£ÿ ... $wüj·÷ìï >∑Ts¡T+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+fÒ .... #ê\T

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

eTqTwüß´\ |ù s¡T¢ Names of

sêE Raju ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é Hyderabad

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u…+#Y ( ã\¢ ) Bench øö ( Äe⁄ ) Cow

Noun is a name of a person , place , thing or an animal.

1. Proper Noun. 1. ÁbÕ|üsY HÍHé

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A Proper Noun is the name of a

Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ˇπø e´øÏÔøÏ >±ì , ˇπø düú\eTTq≈£î >±ì

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Proper Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T

Persons Places Things Animals

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A Common Noun is the name of a

ˇπø C≤‹øÏ , ˇπø s¡ø£eTTq≈£î #Ó+~q

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Common... Common... Common... Common...

Persons Places Things Animals

Doctor Village Book Animal

Lover muPark 39 Player

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A Collective Noun is the name of a

e´≈£îÔ\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ , edüTÔe⁄\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ ....

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ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T

Crowd = a collection of people

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Material Noun is a name of

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

An Abstract Noun is the name of a

ˇø£ e´øÏÔ jÓTTø£ÿ dü«uÛ≤eeTT , |üì‘·qeTT ˝Ò<ë dæ‹ú jÓTTø£ÿ ù|hs¡TqT

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Quality Action State

dü«uÛ≤eeTT |üì‘·qeTT dæ‹ú

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Every Noun has 2 Numbers .

1. Singular Numbers ( @ø£ e#·qeTT\T )

ˇø£{ÏøÏ $T+∫q ¬s+&ÉT ˝Ò<ë n+‘· ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿe

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Nouns & Numbers - Examples

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radio sπ &çj÷Ó radios sπ &çj÷Ó \T

knife ø£‹Ô knives ø£‘T· \Ô T

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tooth |üqTï teeth |üﬁ¯óﬂ

ø=ìï @ø£e#·Hê\T á $<Ûä+>± ≈£L&Ü ãVüQe#·Hê\T>± e÷s¡T‘êsTT

ø=ìï @ø£ e#·Hê\≈£î ... ∫es¡q $&ç nø£åspê\qTo#˚s¡Ã&É+ e\q ãVüQe#·

ø=ìï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ @ø£ e#·Hê\T>±H˚ .... ñ+{≤sTT ...

ø=ìï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ ãVüQ e#·Hê\T>±H˚ .... ñ+{≤sTT ...

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Giant ô|<ä› Äø±s¡eTT ø£–qyê&ÉT Giantess ô|<ä› Äø±s¡eTT ø£–q Ád”Ô