Phytogeographic

Regions of India
B. Sc.II Botany

Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar

Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
Willingdon College, Sangli.
kalpana_datar@yahoo.com

.
6-38ON Latitude
 According to
Mani and Chatterjee(1978)
Subcontinent INDIA is divided
into 10 phytogeographic regions
 Phytogeographic regions of India

1.North west Himalayas 2.Western Himalayas

3.Central Himalayas 4.Eastern Himalayas

5.Indus plain 6.Gangetic planes

7. Assam region 8.Central India & Deccan

Plateau

9.Malbar region 10. Andaman region

1.Himalayas, 1.North –West Himalayas
west of river
Sutlej, Kashmir
Himalays

4.At still higher

2.Foot region- Dry elevation- Betula ,
tropical thorny Quercus, Juniper,
scrub Rhododendron
3. At 900-1700 5.At 3000 meters-
meters elevation- Euphorbia roileana
dominent tree 6.Species mainly
species – migrated from Central
Pinus roxburghii Asia and nearby areas
1.Region comprises- 2. Western Himalayas
Kumaon-Garhwal
portion
Western Himalayas

2.Annual rainfall-
100 - 200 cm.
3.Variation in climate
leads rapid changes
in vegetation and flora
4.Region shows 3
zones
 a. Sub-tropical vegetation
1.Siwalik ranges - altitude of 1500 meters
2.Subtropical forest
3.Shorea robusta, Salmalia malbarica, Acacia
catechu, Terminalia, Anogeissus, Cassia
Stereospermum, Dendrocalamus, Bombax,,
Lagerstroemia,
 Temperate Zone
1.At altitude of 3500 meters
2.Typical montane forest of temperate nature
3.Trees-
Pinus,Cedrus,Picea,Abies,Quercus,Ulmus,
Rhododendron, Betula, Poplus, Fraxinus
4.Bushes-Indigofera,Lonicera,Berberis
 Alpine Zone
1.At altitude above 3500- 4500 meters snow line
2.Vegetation in alpine zone - scrub sand
meadews
3.Junipers, Betula, Abies, Bushy Rhododendron
4.Sexifera,Ranunculus,Polygonum, Aster,
Delphinium, Primula, Arveria, Astralagus
5.Mountain peak with snow land does not show
plant species
1.Region includes Nepal, 3.Central Himalayas
Himalayas, North of Uttar
Pradesh
2.Higher moisture % than Central Himalayas
Western Himalayas

3.Broad leaves trees.

4.At lower elevation-
Bamboo, Phoenix, Ficus,
Pandanus

5.At 1500 meters-

Rhododendron, Quercus
6.Vegetation-
Tropical,Subtropical,
temperate, alpine
7.Some patches of
xerophytic plants
1.Region includes
Easternmost part
of the Himalayas 4. Eastern Himalayas
upto NEFA

2. Very high
rainfall

3.Snow line is
about 300 meters
higher than
Western
Himalayas

4.Vegetation -3
main categories
 a) Tropical and subtropical vegetation
1.From base upto 1800 meters
2.Trees-Acacia,Dalbergia,Terminalia,Albizzia,
Dendrocalamus, Palms
3.Higher % of evergreen plants and epiphytes
 Temperate vegetation
1.Region is in between 1800-3700 meters
2.Upto 3000 meters-
Vegetation-Broad leaved deciduous trees- like
Quercus, Michelia
4.Beyond 3000 meters-Dominant genera-
Juniperus, Cryptomeria, Tsuga
 Alpine Vegetation
1.Region shows above 3700 meters
2.Scattered Juniperus, Rhododendron in
meadow land
•This is also called –North Western
Dry Region
5.Indus plain
•Arid and Semiarid regions of Punjab,
Rajasthan, Gujarat and regions of
West of Aravali Ranges.
•Annual rain fall 300-600 mm. only in
monsoon season.
•Climate is dry
•Soil sandy

•Vegetation-
1.Tropical thorn forest- dominated by
desert shrub and herbs
2. In hot season- shrub and trees are
totally leafless with dominant grasses
and legumes.
3. Common species- Acacia nilotica,
Acacia senegal, Gymnosporia,
Prosopis, Calotropis, Albizzia,
Salvadora, Capparis, Grewia,
Tephrosia.
 1.Region includes area
extends over Uttar Pradesh, 6.Gangetic
6.Gangetic Plain
Plain
Bihar,Bengal, Parts of Orissa
2.Region shows 3 parts- •Agriculturally richest part of
1)Dry western portion along India
river-Ganga, Yamuna •Moderate rainfall and alluvial
2)Humid region of Bengal soils
3)Sundarbans

1.The forest type-Tropical ,moist

Deciduous Dry deciduous
2.Pegnum,Tecoma, Anogeissus,
Boswellia, Terminalia, Mangifera,
Zizyphus, Woodfordia, Gangetic Plain
Ixora,Cassia
3.Evergeen species-Polyalthia
longifolia, Pterospermum
acerifolium, Artocarpus Sundarban
heterophyllus Forest
1.Largest mangrove forest
2.Avicennia,Rhizophora,Heriteria,Sonneratia,
Aegiceras, Ceriops 3.Palm like Nipa, Phoenix
Region- Nagaland,
Meghalaya and Mizoram 7. Assam Region
1.High rainfall-200 cm.
2.Vegetation-Evergreen
forest, Wet hill forest, pine
forest
3.Bamboos are most
common, shrubs climbers
epiphytes
4.Garo hills- Sal forest
5.Wet hill forest Alumus,
Betula, Pyrus,
Magnolia, Bucklandia,
Rhododendron, Acer,
many species of oak ,Pine
forest- Pinus khasya
1.Central India Region lies 8.Central India and
between-Ganges in North Deccan Plateau
and Godawari in South

2.MP,Orrissa,Gujarat,North
of the Deccan plateau

3.Annual rain fall-150-200

cm.
4.Sal forest, Mixed
deciduous forest,
thorn forest
5.Tectona grandis,
Terminalia, Phyllanthus,
Mangifera, Boswellia,
Bauhinia, Lagerstroemia,
Dalbergia, Acacia, Butea,
Balanites
 8.Central India and
Deccan plateau
1.Region –Whole
Deccan Plateau
Southern Peninsular India
2.Region divided into –
Deccan plateau and
Coromandal Coast
3.Rainfall 100cm.
4.Vegetation-Teak
dominant ,Hardwikia,
Boswellia, Buchnania,
Anogeissus, Santalus,
Syzygium, Capparis,
Strychnos, Diospyros
5.Dry deciduous forest-
Acacia, Prosopis,
Euphorbia
 1.Region-Western ghats
and west coast with parts
of Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Karnataka .Kerala states
2.Heavy rainfall and good
fertile soil
3.Forest types-Tropical
evergreen, mixed
deciduous, temperate
evergreen (Nilgiris)
mangrove
1.Dipterocarpus,Hopea,
Callophyllum, Garcinia,
Mangifera, Tectona,Terminalia,
Lagerstroemia,Dalbergia,Adina
2.Epiphtes, climbers, ferns
3.Along the coast of MS, Goa,
Karnataka, kerala-
9.Malbar region
4.Mangrove forest Rhizophora
(West coast)
Avicennia,Sonneratia,Kandelia,Ceriops
• Andaman and Nicobar 10. Andaman and
island groups Nicobar island

• Heavy rainfall

•Evergreen Trees,
Epiphytes,Mangroves.
Orchides,Bamboos

•Mangroves-
Rhizophora, Avicennia,
Brugueria, Heritiera,
Nipa, Lumnitzera

•Erythrina, Pongamia,
Cordia, Terminalia,
Dipterocarpus,
Lagerstroemia
THANK YOU