“Year of Dialogue and National Reconciliation”

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MOQUEGUA

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF MINING ENGINEERING

Course:
Mineral deposit
Teacher:
Ing. José Antonio Salas Medina
Students:
 Fernandez Amezquita Luiz
 Yunguri Huamani Jheison
 Flores Quegue Xiomy
 Condori Llimpe Flora
 Caceres Mamani Alberto
 Mamani Laura Victor
 Mamani Banegas Angel
 Sime Muñoz Dania
 Melendrez Flores Roberto
Cycle:
VI

MOQUEGUA – PERU
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

INDEX
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 1:”GENERALITIES OF THE SKARN” ...................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2:” TRAINING OF THE SKARN” .............................................................. 5
2.1 Metamorphism isoquímico: ................................................................................ 5
2.2 Multiple stages of metasomatismo: .................................................................... 5
2.3 Retrograde alteration: ......................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 3:” DEPOSITS OF TYPE SKARN VARIED” ............................................. 6
3.1 Skarn Of Sn ........................................................................................................ 6
3.2 Skarn Of Gold ..................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Skarn Of Copper ................................................................................................. 7
3.4 Skarn Of Zinc ..................................................................................................... 7
CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 9

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

INTRODUCTION
The term skarn was entered by petrólogos metamorphic Swedish to designate regional
metamorphic rocks or of contact constituted by silicates of Ca ,Mg and Faith derived of
a protolito of limestones and dolomitas in which it has entered metasomáticamente big
quantities of If, To the, Faith and Mg.

The metamorphism of contact affects to the rocks of box, peror is frequent that the
intrusion also suffer effects metasomáticos. This results in a zonation of endoskarn
(mineral calcosilicate inside the intrusive) and exoskarn (skarn in the calcareous rocks).

The endoskarn occurs mainly in the periphery of the plutones intrusivos where the flow
of fluids was inwards of the plutón or parallel to the contact of this, but orsualmente are
absent in the cúpulas of intrusions with mineralisation of type porphyries due to the fact
that it dominates the ascending flow of the fluids from the pluto.

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

CHAPTER 1:”GENERALITIES OF THE SKARN”

The term SKARN is widely used and is adapted to refer to this type of deposits related
to aureoles of contact ofi ntrusiones inside calcareous sequences (limestones, dolomitas).
These last rocks formed by calcite or dolomita (CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2) turn into
marbles, rocks corneas tread iflicatadas (hornfels) and/or skarns by the effect of the
metamorphism of contact.

The main production of deposits of type skarn includes: Faith, Cu, W, C (graphite), Zn,
Pb, Mo, Sn, Or, Au., granate, talc and wollastonita. (Platon Bouquets, 2013)

Fig1. Skarnoide

Source. SlidePlayer

By all the previous, the composition and the texture of the protolito tend to control the
composition and the texture of the resultant skarn. In contrast, the majority of the deposits
of skarn economically important are resulted of the transfer on a large scale metasomática,
that controls the composition of resultant liquids of skarn mineral and his mineralogy.

The sequences of calcareous rocks or dolomíticas impure originate rocks corneas

calcosilicatadas or skarnoides, those that can distinguish by his relations of terrain, except
when there is reaction between layers of silicates and of carbonates of sequences
sedimentarias (skarn of reaction). (Platon Bouquets, 2013)

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

CHAPTER 2:” TRAINING OF THE SKARN”

The training of deposits of type skarn involves essentially three stages:

2.1 Metamorphism isoquímico: Recristalización putmórfica and changes mineralogical

reflecting the protolito and circulation of fluids to high temperature forming mineral
calcosilicate. It includes besides the development of: marble, rocks corneas,
quartzites, skarn of reaction, skarnoides, talc and wollastonita to the periphery.

2.2 Multiple stages of metasomatismo: Crystallisation of the magma and release of a

fluent phase producing skarn metasomatic. They form mainly mineral anhydrous by
action of fluids of magmatic derivation to temperatura of 400º-800ºC. Usually in this
stage occurs or begins the mineralisation.

2.3 Retrograde alteration: Cooling of the plutón and circulation of waters of temperature
lower, possibly meteoric, oxygenated, causedo retrograde alteration of the minerals
calcosilicate metamorphic and metasomáticos. In this stage forman new mineral
hydrated of temperature lower, top artir of the minerals anhydrous formed previously.
They include: epidota, actinolita, chlorite and other mineral phases hydrated. (Pedro
Yapo, 2013)

Fig2. Training of the Skarn

Source. Medellin

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

CHAPTER 3:” DEPOSITS OF TYPE SKARN VARIED”

3.1 Skarn Of Sn
These deposits occur associated to granites típicamente alcaline (type “S”) in
environments intrusive intracontinental. It associates them mineralisation of Sn jointly
with trace of F, Rb, Li, Be, W and Mo. These deposits possess low contents of sulphides
and high contents of oxides in the ore. These deposits are of small volume and low law,
maximum 30 Mt with 0.1 – 0.4% Sn. They are of scarce or invalid economic importance.
(Platon Bouquets, 2013)

Fig3. Skarn Of Sn

Source. Pubs

3.2 Skarn Of Gold

During the last decade, the discoveries of multiple deposits of skarn of gold have
substituted new scientific studies and reports on these deposits recent. The deposits of
skarn of gold of high law (of 5 – 15 g/t Au) are relatively few and are minados exclusively
by his content of the lovely metal, lacking concentrations of basic metals economically
profitable . The majority of skarn of gold of high law is associated to magmas
networkucidos; as they are the plutones and complexes of dams and sills dioríticos and
granodioríticos. (Platon Bouquets, 2013)

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

3.3 Skarn Of Copper

The skarns of copper bigger associate with plutones mineralized of porphyry of copper.
These deposits can exceed above trillion of tonnes. The plutones mineralized present
characteristic alterations of silicate of K and sericitas, that pueden associate with the
granate, piroxeno, epidota, actinolita in the zones of alteration hidrotermal. (Platon
Bouquets, 2013)

Fig4. Skarn Of Copper

Source. Player

3.4 Skarn Of Zinc

The presence of the system of characteristic minerals in skarn of zinc, is granates and
pyroxenes, at the same time indicate an environment geoquímico restricted that it is very
distinct of other deposits of skarn. Apart from the content of the metals Zn – Pb – Ag, the
skarn of zinc can distinguish of other types of skarn by his mineralogy different of
manganese and by his high content of Faith, by his occurrence to the long structural and
lithologic contacts. (Platon Bouquets, 2013)

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

CONCLUSIONS
 One of the fundamental controls on the size of skarn, geometry, and the style, is the
depth of training

 The skarn suffer greater alteration retrograda in the parts more someras.

 The majority of the deposits of skarn this linked directly with activity ígnea.

 In the majority of the skarn exists a general pattern of zonation.

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA
Professional School of Mining Engineering

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Platon Bouquets. (2013). Deposits Type Skarn. 2013, of Scribd Website:
https://es.scribd.com/doc/179767883/yacimiento-tipo-skarn

Pedro Yapo. (2013). Deposits of the Type Skarn. 2013, of PDF Website:
https://www.cec.uchile.cl/~vmaksaev/DEPOSITOS%20OFTHE%20TYPE%20SKARN
.Pdf

Melanie Sosa. (2015). Skarn. 2015, of SlidShare Website:

https://es.slideshare.net/iammelaniesosa/yacimiento-tipo-skarn-del-peru