Chapter 16 Plane Frame Analysis

Using the Stiffness Method

Structural Mechanics 2

Dept of Arch Eng, Ajou Univ

 Outline
• Frame-Member Stiffness Matrix
• Displacement and Force Transformation
Matrices
• Frame-Member Global Stiffness Matrix
• Application of the Stiffness Method for
Frame Analysis
 16-1 Frame-Member Stiffness Matrix

• Forces and displacements in a local x', y',

z' coordinate system

x': axial load

y': shear force
z': bending moment
 16-1 Frame-Member Stiffness Matrix

• Stiffness matrix in local coordinate system

16-1 Frame-Member Stiffness Matrix

• in abbreviated form,
q  k d 
• The 36 coefficients physically represent
the load on the member when the
member undergoes a specified unit
displacement
• Both equilibrium and compatibility hold
 16-2 Displacement and Force
Transformation Matrices
• Displacement transformation matrix

d N z '  DN z

d Fx '  DFx cos  x ; d Fy '   DFx cos  y

d Fx '  DFy cos  y ; d Fy '  DFy cos  x
d Fz '  DFz
 16-2 Displacement and Force
Transformation Matrices
• Displacement transformation matrix
 x  cos  x ;  y  cos  y

d   T D
 16-2 Displacement and Force
Transformation Matrices
• Force transformation with application of
qNx'

QN x  q N x ' cos  x ; QN y  q N x ' cos  y

 16-2 Displacement and Force
Transformation Matrices
• Force transformation with application of
qNy'

Q N x   q N y ' cos  y ; Q N y  q N y ' cos  x

 16-2 Displacement and Force
Transformation Matrices
• Force transformation matrix
 x  cos  x ;  y  cos  y

Q  T  q
T
 16-3 Frame-Member Global
Stiffness Matrix

q  k d  ; d   T D ; Q  T  q

T

q  k T D

Q  T  k T D
T

Q  k D
k   T  k T 
T
 16-3 Frame-Member Global
Stiffness Matrix
• Global stiffness matrix for a member
 16-4 Application of Stiffness
Method for Frame Analysis
• Structure stiffness matrix is assembled by
combining member stiffness matrices
• Lateral loads acting on a member,
fabrication errors, temperature changes,
inclined supports and internal supports
should be appropriately considered
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings
at the joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I =
1.8108 mm4 and A = 6000 mm4.

20 1
0  6  0 2
0  7  
Dk     Qk    0 3
0  8  
   0 4
0  9  0  5
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.
• Calculation of stiffness matrix elements
AE 6(10 3 )(200)(106 )
  2 105 kN / m
L 6
12 EI 12(200)(106 )(180)(10 6 )
3
 3
 2kN / m
L 6
6 EI 6(200)(106 )(180)(10 6 )
2
 2
 6kN / m
L 6
4 EI 4(200)(106 )(180)(10 6 )
  2.4  10 4 kN / m
L 6
2 EI 2(200)(106 )(180)(10 6 )
  1.2  10 4 kN / m
L 6
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.
• Member 1
60 00
x   1 ; y  0
6 6
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.
• Member 2
66 60
x   0 ; y   1
6 6
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.

• The structure stiffness matrix

Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.
Qk   K11 Du  K12 Dk 

 D1   17.51  mm
D    mm
 0 .0375
Du   K11  Qk 
1  2  
 D3    0.0025 rad
   
 4 
D 17 .51  mm
 D5   0.0012  rad
 
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.

Qu   K 21 Du  K 22 Dk 

Qu   K 21 Du 
Q6    7.5  kN
Q    kN
 7    20 
Q8   7.5 kN
   
Q9   75  kN  m
Example 16.1 Determine the loadings at the
joints. Use E = 200 GPa, I = 1.8108 mm4
and A = 6000 mm4.

q4   0  kN
q    kN
 6   7 .5 
q5   0  kN  m
  
q1   0  kN
q   7.5  kN
 2  
q3   45  kN  m