Mg Wunna Ko Ko

Title
Study of Cellular Light Weight Concrete and Cellular Light-Weight
Concrete Blocks as a Replacement of Burnt Clay Bricks

Introduction
The bricks play an important role in terms of material in any type of building. The bricks
can be classified as burnt clay bricks, cellular light weight concrete blocks with different
densities, AAC blocks etc. In the manufacturing of cellular light weight concrete blocks
the energy required is very less as compare to conventional bricks, therefore no harmful
gases and no pollution has been created in manufacturing CLC blocks. Also there are
three different grade of density in CLC blocks and all these are having less density as
compare to the red bricks density. As the cellular lightweight concrete block are light in
weight so the dead load will act on the structure is less. If the dead load is less than the
reinforcement is reduced, size of the member are reduced, concrete is also reduced to a
large scale, the surface of the CLC blocks are well finish so there is no need of plaster of
coarse sand on the wall means saving of coarse sand, reduced the cement and also the
overall cost construction of the building is also reduces.
Objectives
Bricks remain one of the most important building materials in the country. Brick making
is a traditional industry in India, generally confined to rural areas. Lightweight concrete
can be produced in a practical range of densities between about 300 and 2000 kg/m3,
using three methods. The first is so-called no fines, where the fine portion (sand
particles) of the total concrete aggregate is omitted. The second method is by
introducing stable air bubbles inside the concrete body through mechanical foaming and
chemical admixture. This type of concrete is known as aerated, cellular or gas concrete.
The third and most popular method is by using lightweight aggregate. This may come
from either a natural or an artificial source.
History
CLC blocks are one of the major achievements of the 20th century in the field of
construction. It is a revolutionary material offering a unique combination of high
durability and strength, low weight and superior ecological green features. In recent
years, with expanding urbanization and increasing demand for construction materials,
brick kilns have to grow to meet the demand. It has directly or indirectly caused a series
of environmental and health problems. At a local level (in the vicinity of a brick kiln),
environmental pollution from brick-making operations is injurious to human health,
animals and plant life. At a global level, environmental pollution from brick-making
operations contributes to the phenomena of global warming and climate change. Also,
extreme weather may cause degradation of the brick surface due to frost damage. Global
warming and Environmental pollution is now a global concern.
Methodology
Cellular Light Weight Technology blocks can be used as an alternative to the red bricks,
to reduce Environmental pollution and Global warming. CLC blocks are environment
friendly. The energy consumed in the production of CLC blocks is only a fraction
compared to the production of red bricks and emits no pollutants and creates no toxic
products or by products. It is produced by initially making slurry of Cement + Fly Ash +
Water, which is further mixed with the addition of pre-formed stable foam in an
ordinary concrete mixer under ambient conditions. Based on the trial mixes, it is found
that compressive strength of CLC blocks is more than the compressive strength of
conventional clay bricks. The addition of foam to the concrete mixture creates millions
of tiny voids or cells in the material, hence the name Cellular Concrete.
Materials used in CLC blocks
1 Cement
Cement In this project, for the production of cellular light weight concrete, Ordinary
Portland Cement 20 grade is used.
2 Fly Ash
Fly Ash In this project, for the production of cellular light weight concrete, fly ash is
used which is collected from Satpura Thermal Power Station, Sarni, Betul, Madhya
Pradesh with specific gravity 2.56 and fineness 3.5%.
3. Water
Water should be avoided if it contains large quantities of suspended solids, excessive
amounts of dissolved solids, or appreciable amounts of organic materials. Water which
is used in this project is confirming to the specification of IS 456: 2000.
4. Foam agent Protein
Foam agent Protein based standard foaming agents or hydrolysed protein agents are
made by protein hydrolysis from animal proteins such as keratin (horn meal and hoof),
cattle hooves and fish scales, blood and saponin, and casein of cows, pigs and other
remainders of animal carcasses. This leads not only to occasional variations in quality,
due to the differing raw materials used in different batches, but also to the very intense
stench of such foaming agents. Their self-life is about 1 year under sealed conditions.
Advantages of CLC blocks (Concrete Light weight block)

1. ClC blocks are very easy to handle and ordinary tools are used for cutting.
2. ClC blocks are available in large sizes and hence less no of joints. This ultimately
results in faster construction on site and less consumption of cement.
3. Earthquake forces are proportional to the weight of building and it ultimately reduces
the load on buildings, and hence less steel in case of RCC structure.
4. ClC blocks are made from an inorganic material which helps to avoid termites,
damages or losses.
5. Saves steel and concrete due to the reduction in dead weight.
6. Increase in floor area due to a reduction in the size of columns and thickness of the
wall.
7. Easy to transport on upper floors.
8. Time-saving in construction
9. clc blocks have a very low thermal conductivity which keeps interior remain cool in
summer and warm in winter.
10. ClC blocks reduce interior temperature variation maintaining pleasant and healthy
temperature for habitant.
11. ClC blocks reduce the energy cost of air-conditioning to a great extent due to its
thermal property.
12. The production cost of ClC Blocks is expensive but on the whole project cost
decrease
13. These are the light-weight ClC block .
14. High load bearing capacity .
15. Weight is equal to the around 14 kg and the Red clay brick is about 36 kg for the
same volume .
16. Faster construction than the red clay brick .Less moisture absorption than the
clay brick .
17. Sound proof .
18. High Compressive Strength than the Red Clay Brick .
19. Easy to cut and other operation Bond thickness between two block are less as
compears to the clay brick work.
References
1. Jones, M. R., McCarthy, A. Behaviour and assessment of foamed concrete for
construction applications, In:Dhir, R. K., Newlands, M. D., McCarthy, A.,
Editors; Use of foamed concrete in construction, Thomas, London,2005, 61-88
2. IS: 516-1959 "Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete", Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi. [14] IS: 3495 (Part 1): 1992 – Method of tests of burnt
clay building bricks., Part 1- Determination of Compressive Strength
3. IS: 3495 (Part 2): 1992 – Method of tests of burnt clay building bricks., Part 2-
Determination of Water Absorption
4. R.A.Barnes., Innovation and development in concrete materials and design,
Proceedings of the International Conference on concrete construction, Kingston
University. London, UK, September 2008