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Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso

Realonda

Defining Moments
Childhood Years

◼ Great influence of his mother, his first


teacher
◼ Had been a devoted student, untiring and
inquisitive mind
◼ At the age of eight, Rizal wrote the poem
Sa Aking Mga Kababata (To My Fellow
Children)
Education
◼ 1869 to 1870, studied in Biñan
◼ 1872-77, Ateneo Municipal, graduated
with a degree of Bachelor of Arts at the
top of his class
◼ 1877-82, Medical studies at the University
of Sto. Tomas
◼ In 1879, at the age of 18, Rizal won a
literary award for A La Juventud Filipina
(To the Filipino Youth)
Studies in Spain

◼ 1882-85, Universidad Central de Madrid,


enrolling in two courses—Medicine and
Philosophy & Letters
◼ 1883, joined the Masonic lodges; Acacia,
Lodge Solidaridad and later, La Grand
Oriente de Paris
◼ Finished his Licentiate in Medicine in June
1884 and Licentiate in Philosophy in June
1885
A Physician in Europe

◼ Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of


Dr. Louis de Weckert in Paris in 1886
◼ Served in the University of Heidelberg Eye
Hospital under Dr. Otto Becker in February
1886
◼ In Berlin, he assisted in the clinic of Dr.
Schweigger, famous German
opthalmologist
The Noli Me Tangere Saga
◼ Started in 1884 while still finishing his
degrees at Universidad Central de Madrid
◼ Suffered poor health due to poverty while
writing the novel
◼ Maximo Viola, a rich friend, loaned Rizal
money to improve his health and financed
the printing of Noli
◼ March 21, 1887, Noli came off the press
Noli saga….
◼ Rizal went home in 1887 and lived in Calamba
◼ In Manila, the novel had been the target of
numerous attacks from the friars Fr. Jose
Rodriguez, the senators in the Spanish Cortes
and academicians including Vicente Barrantes
◼ Defenders of Noli include illustrious names
including Rev. Vicente Garcia, a Filipino Catholic
priest-scholar
Asociacion La Solidaridad, 1889

◼ Aims of the movement: to work for


political and social reforms, to portray the
deplorable conditions in the Philippines so
that Spain may remedy them, to oppose
the evil forces of reaction and
medievalism, to advocate liberal ideas and
progress and to champion the aspirations
of the Filipinos to life, democracy and
happiness
◼ In the midst of Rizals involvement with the
Propaganda Movement, he managed to
publish his annotated edition of Antonio
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in
1890, wrote his famous essays– To The
Young Women of Malolos, On The
Indolence of the Filipinos and The
Philippines A Century Hence and his
second novel El Filibusterismo
El Filibusterismo

◼ September 18, 1891, Rizal’s second novel


came off the press with the much needed
financial intervention of Valentin Ventura
◼ Dedicated to the GomBurZa
La Liga Filipina

◼ Rizal came home in June 1892 and set out


to re-engage in political and social reform
with the establishment of La Liga Filipina
on July 3, 1892
◼ The stated aims and the notoriety brought
on by his novels were cited as reasons for
his arrest and subsequent deportation to
Dapitan on July 7, 1892
Dapitan, 1892 to 1896
◼ Leading a placid life of an exile, Rizal devoted
his time to practice medicine, putting up a
school for the local boys and other numerous
artistic and scientific pursuits
◼ He called his exile Mi Retiro in a poem in 1895
◼ In 1896, he volunteered as a medical staff in
Cuba
◼ Outbreak of the revolution in Manila in 1896
◼ Execution of Rizal on December 30, 1896

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