METODO POR LA IMPEDANCIA MECANICA

( LINEAL )
Ciertos problemas de vibraciones se resuelven ventajosamente por el método de la impedancia mecánica, el cual hace uso del hecho de que las
2
impedancias del resorte, el amortiguador y la masa son respectivamente: k , iw y −mw . Este método producirá las respuestas del estado
estacionario de vibraciones forzadas y nos orientara hacia las ecuaciones de frecuencias del sistema de vibración libre. La aplicación de este método
puede a los cuatro pasos siguiente, para sistemas múltiples grados de libertad.
1. Multiplique la amplitud de cada punto de unión o de empalme de sistema, por las impedancias de los elementos unidos a él.
2. Reste de esta cantidad los “términos de perdidas”, los cuales pueden definirse como los productos de las impedancias de los elementos sujetos
al empalme por las amplitudes de sus extremos opuestos.
3. Haga asta cantidad igual a cero para vibraciones libres e igual al valor máximo de la fuerza sinusoidal para vibraciones forzadas. Si se aplica
más de una fuerza al-empalme, se debe tomar valor apropiado de sus relaciones de fase.
4. Resuelva las ecuaciones de las amplitudes de la vibración. La expresión para la amplitud de cada empalme puede expresar en la forma
F F B
―――. El valor numérico de la amplitud ―――― y el movimiento se retrasara con respecto a la fuerza angular cuya tangente es b/a ―
(A − iB) ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2 A
A +B

Datos de entrada :
 Datos de entrada :
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N N N N N⋅s N⋅s N⋅s N⋅s
k1 ≔ 400 ― k2 ≔ 300 ― k3 ≔ 200 ― k4 ≔ 0 ― c1 ≔ 100 ――c2 ≔ 100 ―― c3 ≔ 100 ―― c4 ≔ 0 ――
m m m m m m m m

rad
m1 ≔ 6 kg m2 ≔ 8 kg m3 ≔ 10 kg w≔1 ―― F0 ≔ 50 N si: F0 ⋅ cos (w ⋅ t)
s
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⎛k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞ ⋅ x − k ⋅ x − 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w ⋅ x ＝ F
⎝ 1 2 1 2 1 ⎠ 1 2 2 2 2 0
⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w ⎞⎠ ⋅ x − k ⋅ x − 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w ⋅ x − k ⋅ x − 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w ⋅ x ＝ 0
2
2 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 3
⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ x − k ⋅ x − 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w ⋅ x ＝ 0
3 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2

⎡ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎤

1 2 1 2 1 ⎡ x1 ⎤ ⎡ F0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
−⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛ 2⎞
⎝k2 + k3 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w − m2 ⋅ w ⎠ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⋅ x2 ＝ 0
⎢⎣ 0 −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
3 4 3 4 3

⎡ ⎛k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎤
⎝ 1 2 1 2 1 ⎠
⎢ ⎥
Δx ≔ ⎢ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠
⎝ 2 3 2 3 2 ⎠ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛ 2⎞
⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎠ ⎥⎦

⎡ 694 + 200i −300 − 100i 0 ⎤

Δx → −300 − 100i 492 + 200i −200 − 100i ⎥
⎢
⎢⎣ 0 −200 − 100i 190 + 100i ⎥⎦

Regla de Cramer:
Regla de Cramer:

⎡ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎤

1 2 1 2 1
⎢ ⎥
−⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠
⎢ 2 3 2 3 2 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎛
−⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎠ ⎞ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ ⎥
3 4 3 4 3
⎢⎛ 2⎞ ⎥
⎢ ⎝k1 + k2 + 1i ⋅ c1 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w − m1 ⋅ w ⎠ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎥
⎣⎢ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎥⎦
2 3 2 3 2

Regla de Cramer: Hallando ΔXT

ΔX1 ≔ ⎛⎝k1 + k2 + 1i ⋅ c1 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w − m1 ⋅ w ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝k2 + k3 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w − m2 ⋅ w ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎞⎠

2 2 2

ΔX ≔ ⎛⎝−⎛⎝k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ −⎛⎝k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w ⎞⎠⎞⎠

2
2 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 1

ΔX3 ≔ ⎛⎝⎛⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎠ ⋅ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠⎞⎠

2⎞

ΔXT ≔ ΔX1 − ⎛⎝ΔX2 + ΔX3⎞⎠ ΔXT → 11535120 + 22052800i

Hallando ΔxAT

⎡ F0 −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w ⎠ 2⎞ ⎥
0 −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠
⎢ 2 3 2 3 2 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎛
−⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎠ ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎠ ⎥
⎢ F0 −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎛k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w ⎞
2 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎝ 2 3 2 3 2 ⎠ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎦

ΔxA1 ≔ ⎛⎝F0 ⋅ ⎛⎝k2 + k3 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w − m2 ⋅ w ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎞⎠⎞⎠

2 2
(+ )
(-) ΔxA2 ≔ ⎛⎝F0 ⋅ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠⎞⎠

ΔxAT ≔ ΔxA1 − ΔxA2 → 2174000 + 2360000i

Hallando ΔxBT

⎡ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ F0 0 ⎤
1 2 1 2 1
⎢ ⎥
⎛
−⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎠ ⎞ 0 −⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠
⎛
⎢ ⎥
0 ⎛⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎞⎠ ⎥
2
⎢ 0
⎢⎛ ⎥
⎝k1 + k2 + 1i ⋅ c1 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w − m1 ⋅ w ⎞⎠
2
F0 0
⎢ ⎥
⎣ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎦

(+ ) ΔxB1 ≔ (0)
ΔxB2 ≔ ⎛⎝−⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ F0 ⋅ ⎛⎝k3 + k4 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c4 ⋅ w − m3 ⋅ w ⎞⎠⎞⎠
2
(-)

ΔxBT ≔ ΔxB1 − ΔxB2 → 2350000 + 2450000i

Hallando ΔxCT

⎡ ⎛k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ F0 ⎤
⎝ 1 2 1 2 1 ⎠
⎢ ⎥
−⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎝ 2 3 2 3 2 ⎠
⎢ 0 −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ 0 ⎥
⎢⎛ ⎥
k1 + k2 + 1i ⋅ c1 ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w − m1 ⋅ w ⎞⎠
2
⎝ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ F0
⎢ ⎥
⎣ −⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⎛⎝k + k + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w + 1i ⋅ c ⋅ w − m ⋅ w 2 ⎞⎠ 0 ⎦
2 3 2 3 2

(+ ) ΔxC1 ≔ ⎛⎝−⎛⎝k2 + 1i ⋅ c2 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ −⎛⎝k3 + 1i ⋅ c3 ⋅ w⎞⎠ ⋅ F0⎞⎠

(-) ΔxC2 ≔ (0)

ΔxCT ≔ ΔxC1 − ΔxC2 → 2500000 + 2500000i

 ⎛b⎞
Si las ecuaciones: ΔX ＝ (a + bi) ; X ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
a + b ; Φ ＝ atan ⎜―
⎝ a ⎟⎠

ΔxAT
――= 0.124514 − 0.033452i
ΔXT

X1 ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
(0.124514) + (0.033452) ⋅ m X1 = 0.1289 m

⎛ −0.033452 ⎞ 180
Φ1 ≔ atan ⎜―――― ⋅ ―― Φ1 = −15.04
⎝ 0.124514 ⎟⎠ π

ΔxBT
――= 0.130996 − 0.038043i
ΔXT

X2 ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
(0.130996) + (0.038043) ⋅ m X2 = 0.1364 m
⎛ −0.038043 ⎞ 180
Φ2 ≔ atan ⎜―――― ⋅ ―― Φ2 = −16.19
⎝ 0.130996 ⎟⎠ π

ΔxCT
――= 0.13557 − 0.042452i
ΔXT

X3 ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
(0.13557) + (0.042452) ⋅ m X3 = 0.1421 m
⎛ −0.042452 ⎞ 180
Φ3 ≔ atan ⎜―――― ⋅ ―― Φ3 = −17.39
⎝ 0.13557 ⎟⎠ π

Asi que la respuesta del estado estacionario de las masas es:

Asi que la respuesta del estado estacionario de las masas es:
float , 3
x1 (t) ≔ X1 ⋅ cos ⎛⎝w ⋅ t + Φ1⎞⎠ ――→ 0.129 ⋅ m ⋅ cos (t − 15.0)
float , 3
x2 (t) ≔ X2 ⋅ cos ⎛⎝w ⋅ t + Φ2⎞⎠ ――→ 0.136 ⋅ m ⋅ cos (t − 16.2)
float , 3
x3 (t) ≔ X3 ⋅ cos ⎛⎝w ⋅ t + Φ3⎞⎠ ――→ 0.142 ⋅ m ⋅ cos (t − 17.4)

t ≔ 0 , 0.01 ‥ 20

0.2

0.16

0.12

0.08

x1 (t) (m)
0.04

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
x2 (t) (m)
-0.04

-0.08
x3 (t)) (m))

-0.12

-0.16

-0.2