Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Heaviside Condition Applied to Lossy Transmission

Lines Terminated by RLC-Circuits
Vasil G. Angelov
Dept. of Mathematics,
University of Mining and Geology
1700 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract:- Here we consider lossy transmission lines II. DERIVATION OF THE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
terminated by a circuit consisting of linear and FOR LOSSY TRANSMISSION LINE SYSTEM AND
nonlinear RCL-elements. Using the Kirchhoff’s laws we FORMULATION OF THE MIXED PROBLEM
derive boundary conditions and formulate the mixed
problem for hyperbolic system describing the lossy We proceed from the lossy transmission line system of
transmission line. Then we reduce the mixed problem to equations
an initial value problem on the boundary. To obtain a  u ( x, t )  i ( x, t )
L  Ri ( x, t )  0,
distortionless propagation we change variables and x t
formulate a mixed problem for the hyperbolic system  i ( x, t )  u ( x, t )
with respect to the new variables. The nonlinear C  Gu ( x, t )  0
x t
characteristics of the RLC-elements generate
nonlinearity in the equations of neutral type on the
Where L is per unit-length inductance, C – per unit-
boundary. Since we are not able to eliminate some
length capacitance, R – per unit-length resistance and G –
transitional currents and voltages we have to consider a
per unit-length conductance,  is the length of the
system of 6 equations for 6 unknown functions. Under
Heaviside conditions we show that natural solutions are transmission line, v  1 / LC is the speed of propagation
distortionless ones. By means of fixed point technique we and T   / (1/ LC )   LC is the time delay. This
prove existence-uniqueness of an oscillatory solution.
system is of hyperbolic type and we formulate the mixed
Keywords:- fixed point method, Heaviside condition, problem for (1): to find a solution
hyperbolic system, lossy transmission line, oscillatory u( x, t ), i( x, t ) For
solution, RLC-circui. ( x, t )    {( x, t )  R 2 : 0  x  , t  0},
I. INTRODUCTION Satisfying the initial conditions

The main purpose of the present paper is to analyse a u( x,0)  u0 ( x), i( x,0)  i0 ( x) for x  [0, ] .
lossy transmission line terminated by a particular circuit
consisting of linear and nonlinear RCL-loads shown in Fig. where u0 ( x), i0 ( x) are prescribed functions. To derive
1. The case of lossless transmission line is considered in the the boundary conditions we proceed from Fig. 1. The main
recent paper [1] using the methods from [2]. Various difficulty is caused by the circuit configuration shown on
problems concerning transmission lines can be found in [3]- Fig. 1. Using the Kirchhoff’s laws we find relations between
[19]. Here we obtain conditions for existence-uniqueness of currents and voltages. The problem is to choose the
a generalized oscillatory solution. In Section 2 we formulate unknown functions and the number of equations in order to
a mixed problem for the lossy transmission line and derive obtain compatible system. We assume that R1 and L11 are
the boundary conditions using the Kirchhoff’s law. The
nonlinear characteristics of RLC- circuit generate nonlinear linear loads, that is, uR1 (t )  R1iR1 (t ),
boundary conditions. The main difficulty here is caused by
the fact that some additional currents and voltages cannot be
eliminated and we succeed to reduce the problem to 6
equations for 6 unknown functions. In Section 3 we
transform the hyperbolic transmission line system in a
diagonal form under the Heaviside condition and formulate
the initial and boundary conditions with respect to the new
variables. We show that oscillatory (not periodic) solutions
are specific for such problems. In Section 4 we give an
operator presentation of the oscillatory problem. In Section
5 we prove an existence-uniqueness theorem for the
oscillatory solution by fixed point method. In Section 6
using numerical example we demonstrate how to apply our
method to particular problems. Fig 1:- Lossy transmission line under Heaviside condition
terminated by RLC- circuit

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
dL11 (iL11 ) dL11 (iL01 ) diL11 (t ) diL11 (t ) E (t )  u(0, t )  R0i(0, t )  0, t  0 .
u L11 (t )    L11 ,
dt diL11 dt dt
Therefore the boundary conditions are (3) and (4).
while C10  C10 (uC10 ) , C11(uC11 ) and L10  L10 (iL10 ) Now we are able to formulate the following mixed
problem for (1): to find a solution u( x, t ),i( x, t ) of (1) in  ,
are nonlinear ones which means satisfying the initial conditions (2) and boundary conditions
(3), (4).
dC10 (u C10 ) du C10 (t )
iC10 (t )  , III. TRANSFORMATION OF THE HYPERBOLIC
du C10 dt SYSTEM IN A DIAGONAL FORM
dC11 (uC11 ) dC11 (uC11 ) duC11 (t )
iC11 (t )   , Let us write down (1) in a matrix form:
dt duC11 dt  U ( x, t )  U ( x, t )
A  A1U  0
dL10 (i L00 ) di L10 (t ) t x
u L10 (t )  .
di L10 dt   u ( x, t )    u ( x, t ) 
u ( x, t )  U   t  U   x 
where U   ,  ,  ,
We notice that u C11 (t )  u (, t ), i R1 (t )  i L10 (t ) and  i ( x, t )  t   i ( x, t )  x   i ( x, t ) 
 t   x 
iC10 (t )  i L11 (t ) . Proceeding as in [1], [2] the Kirchhoff’s
 0 1/ C G / C 0 
Current Law gives: A  , A1  
R / L 
.
du C11 (t ) 1 / L 0   0
i L10  i C10  i C11  i (, t )  i L10  i C10  C11  i ( , t )
dt
To transform A into a diagonal form we form a matrix by its
du (, t )
 i L10  i C10  C11  i (, t ) . eigen-vectors
dt
 C L
Similarly, the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law gives H   (cf. [2]). Its inverse one is
uR1  uL10  uL11  u(, t ),  C L 

dL10 di L10 1 / 2 C 1 / 2 C 
u R1  u L10  u C10  R1i L10   u C10 , H 1    and
di L10 dt 1 / 2 L 1 / 2 L 

u L11  uC10  u( , t )  L11

diL11
 uC10  u( , t ) . 1 / LC 0
dt HAH 1  A can   .
 0 1 / LC 
Finding appropriate relationships between the
unknown functions we obtain the system V ( x, t )
du( , t ) New variables Z    are introduced by the
C11  i( , t )  iL10 (t )  iC10 (t ) ,  I ( x, t ) 
dt
dL10 (iL10 ) diL10 (t )
 C101
(iC10 (t ))  R1iL10 (t ) , formulas Z  HU, U  H 1Z or
diL10 dt V ( x, t )  C u ( x, t )  L i ( x, t )
di L11 (t ) I ( x, t )   C u ( x, t )  L i ( x, t )
L11  u (, t )  C101 (i C10 (t )) ,
dt
u R1  u L10  u L11  u(, t ). and
u( x, t )  V ( x, t )  I ( x, t )  / 2 C
.
Having considered iC10 (t )  iL11 (t ) we obtain the i( x, t )  V ( x, t )  I ( x, t )  / 2 L .
right-hand side boundary conditions:
du( , t ) U U
C11  i( , t )  iL10 (t )  iC10 (t ) , Substituting U  H 1Z in A  A1U  0
dt t x
  H 1Z    H 1Z 
dL10 (iL10 ) diL10 (t ) 1
 C10 (iC10 (t ))  R1iL10 (t ) ,
diL10 dt we obtain A  A1  H 1Z   0 .
t x
(3) Then we multiply the matrix equation
diC10 (t ) 1 Z Z
L11  u( , t )  C10 (iC10 (t )) . H 1  AH 1  A1H 1Z  0 by H from the left:
dt t x
Similar reasoning leads to boundary conditions for the
left-hand side of the line:

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Z Z
  HA1 H 1  Z  0 .
diC10 (t )
 A can L11   e  Rt / LW (, t )  e  Rt / L J (, t )  / (2 C )  C101 (i C10 (t )).
t x dt
(5)
The Heaviside condition G / C  R / L implies
1  G / C  R / L G / C  R / L   R / L 0  Integrating (6) along the characteristics we have
HA1 H 1     W (0, t  T )  W (, t ), J (0, t )  J (, t  T ).
2  G / C  R / L G / C  R / L   0 R / L 
. We assume that the unknown functions are
Then (5) becomes W (0, t )  W (t ), J (, t )  J (t ), iL10 (t ), iC10 (t ) and recalling
 V ( x, t ) 1  V ( x, t ) R
  V ( x, t )  0 the denotation Z 0  L / C we have to solve the following
t LC  x L
system consisting of differential equations with constant
 I ( x, t ) 1  I ( x, t ) R delays:
  I ( x, t )  0 .
t LC x L

A new substitution  
W (t )  2 E (t ) L(0, t )   Z 0  R 0  J (t  T ) / ( Z 0  R 0 ),
V ( x, t )  e  Rt / LW ( x, t ) , I ( x, t )  e  Rt / L J ( x, t ) dJ (t ) dW (t  T )  R 1 
    W (t  T )
leads to the system
dt dt  L C11 Z 0 
 W ( x, t ) 1 W ( x, t ) R 1 
t

x
0    J (t )  e
Rt / L 2 C

i L10 (t )  i C10 (t ) , 
LC  L C11 Z 0  (6) C11
J ( x, t ) 1 J ( x, t ) di L10 (t ) C101 (i C10 (t ))  R1i L10 (t )
 0.  , 10 
t LC x dt dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10
di C10 (t ) W (t  T )  J (t ) 1 1
Finally the transformation formulas are  e  Rt / L  C10 (i C10 (t )).
dt 2 L11 C L11
W ( x, t )  e Rt / L C u ( x, t )  e Rt / L L i ( x, t )
J ( x, t )  e Rt / L C u ( x, t )  e Rt / L L i ( x, t ) So we have obtained a particular case of neutral
system of differential equations with retarded arguments.
and
u ( x, t )   e  Rt / LW ( x, t )  e  Rt / L J ( x, t )  / (2 C ) It is proved in [2] that the above initial value problem
. is (7)
equivalent to the mixed problem for the hyperbolic
i ( x, t )   e  Rt / LW ( x, t )  e  Rt / L J ( x, t )  / (2 L ) . transmission line system (6). The needed initial functions
we can obtain by transition of the initial functions along the
Now we are able to formulate a mixed problem in the characteristics of the hyperbolic system from [0,  ] to
[0, T ] . This means that T becomes an initial point of the
new variables: to find a solution of (6) satisfying initial
initial interval [0, T ] . The exponential multiplayer in (10)
conditions
shows that we cannot look for periodic solutions. So we
W ( x,0)  C u0 ( x )  L i0 ( x )  W0 ( x ), x  [0,  ] have to solve the following problem: to find an oscillatory
J ( x,0)   C u0 ( x )  L i0 ( x )  J 0 ( x ), x  [0,  ] solution of (10) on [T , ) , where W0 (t ), J 0 (t ) are
prescribed initial oscillatory functions defined on [0, T ] .
and boundary conditions obtained after substituting in (3), We assume that the nonlinear characteristics are of the
(4) the voltage and current from (7): polynomial type:
m
dL10 (i) m d 2 L10 (i) m
L10 (i)   l ni n ,   nl ni n1 ,   (n  1)nl ni n 2 .
E (t )   e  Rt / LW (0, t )  e  Rt / L J (0, t )  / (2 C ) n 1 di n 1 di 2 n2

 
 R0  e  Rt / LW (0, t )  e  Rt / L J (0, t )  / 2 L  0, t  0
(8) То divide the expression dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 we assume

C11 / 2 C   e W (, t )  e  Rt / L J (, t ) 

d  Rt / L Assumptions (L): There is a constant i0 such that

 
m n 1
dt i L10  i 0  dL10 (i) / di L10   nl n i L10  Lˆ10  0.
  e  Rt / LW (, t )  e  Rt / L J (, t )  / (2 L )  i L10 (t )  i C10 (t ). n 1

The nonlinear capacitance is C10 (u )  c0 / h 1  u /  

where c 0  0,   0, h  [2,3] are prescribed constants.
dL10 (iL10 ) diL10 (t ) 1 (cf. [10]).
 C10 (iC10 (t ))  R1iL10 (t ) , (9)
diL10 dt

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Assumptions (C): u   0   . Denote by CWA0 [0, ) the set of all continuous functions

  coinciding with W0 (t ) J 0 (t ) on [0, T ] and vanishing at the

1 h
Since dC10 (u ) / du  c 0 / h h 1  u /    0,
points of A  A1  A2 . Consider the operators
C10 (u) :[ 0 ,  0 ]   c 0 / h 1   0 /   , c 0 / h 1   0 /    SW (W ) : CWA [0, )  CWA [0, ) and
 
then there exists S J ( J ) : CJA[0, )  CJA[0, )
 c0 c0  acting by the formulas
C10 1 (u ) :  ,   [0 , 0 ]
 h 1  0 /   h 1  0 /    , W (t  T ), t  T
SW (W )( t )   and
C101 (.)  0 . W0 (t ), t  [0, T ]
 J (t  T ), t  T
dC10 (u ) S J ( J )( t )   .
The minimal value of
du
is  J 0 (t ), t  [0, T ]
Introduce the sets for the unknown functions
 dC (u)  dC ( ) c0
min  10 : u  0   10 0   Cˆ10  0
 
1 h
W (t ), J (t ), i L10 (t ), iC10 (t ):
 du  du h 1  u /  
h

M W  W (.)  CWA [0, ) : W (t )  W0 e  (t t k ) , t  [t k , t k 1 ] , 
MJ   J (.)  C [0, ) : J (t )  J
A
J 0 e  (t t k )
, t  [t k , t k 1 ] , 
because
M L10  i (.)  C[t , ) : i (t )  0; e
L10 0 L10 k
Rt / L
i L10 (t )  J L1 e  (t t k )

, t  [t k , t k 1 ] ,
1  h c0  i (.)  C[t , ) : i (t )  0; e 
2
d C10 (u )
1  (u / )  
 (1 h )/ h  1
  1/   i C10 (t )  J C1 e  (t t k ) , t  [t k , t k 1 ]
Rt / L
M C10 C10 0 C10 k
du 2 h h
1 h c
 2 02 1  (u / ) 
 (1 2 h )/ h
0 , (k  0,1, 2,...) where W0 , J 0 , J L1 , J C1 ,  are positive
h 
 (1 h )/ h constants and T0   0  const  0.
dC10 (u ) c   
 0 1  0  M , Introduce the following families of pseudo-metrics
du h  
1 2 h

 k (W ,W )  max W (t )  W (t ) e   ( t tk ) : t  [tk , tk 1 ] , 
 

d C10 (u ) 1  h c 0   0 
2
h
 k ( J , J )  max J (t )  J (t ) e   ( t tk ) : t  [tk , tk 1 ] ,
 2 1   H,
h  2  
du 2
C101 (iC10 ) 1 (1 h )/ h

 k (iL10 , iL10 )  max iL10 (t )  iL10 (t ) e   (t tk ) : t  [tk , tk 1 ] , 
h  0 
iC10

Lˆ10 c 0 Lˆ10
1    .  k (iC10 , iC10 )  max i C10 (t )  iC10 (t ) e
  ( t  tk )
: t  [tk , tk 1 ].
 
The set MW  M J  M L10  M C10 turns out into a
 Operator presentation of the oscillatory problem complete uniform space with respect to the countable
saturated family of pseudo-metrics (cf. [1])
Let us put t0  T and W0 (t ), J 0 (t ) are prescribed initial
 k  (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ),(W , J , J L10 , J C10 ) 
oscillatory functions on the interval [0, T ] .
Let the set of zeros of the initial functions (W0(  k ) 
 max  k (W ,W ),  k ( J , J ),  k ( J L10 , J L10 ),  k ( J C10 , J C10 ) (k  0,1,2,...). 
 J 0 ( k )  0) be 0   0   1  ...   k   k 1  ...   n  T .
Let S  {tk } k 0 be a strictly increasing sequence of real
An operator
B  ( BW , B J , B L10 , BC10 ) : M W  M J  M L10  M C10
numbers defined in the following way:
t0  T   0 , t1  T  1 , t2  T   2 , .... , tn  T   n  T  T  2T  M W  M J  M L10  M C10
, is called contractive if
tn 1  T  t1 , tn  2  T  t2 , .... , t2n  T  tn  3T , ….  k  ( BW , B J , B L10 , BC10 ), ( BW , B J , B L10 , BC10 ) 
Obviously
1) lim tk   ; 
 l 0  j ( k ) (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ), (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ) 
k 
2) Let where l0  1 and j : A  MW  M J  M L10  M C10  A .
A  A1  A2   0 ,1 ,...,  k , k 1 ,... , n  t0 , t1,..., tk ,..., tn ,... . Here the index set is A  0,1,2,.... The map j is defined as
Then for every t k  A2 there is t s such that follows: if t k  T  t s then
tk  T  ts  A1  A2 , provided tk  T   0 ;     
 s, if max  s W ,W ~ ~
, k J , J ,
3) 0  min{t k 1  t k : k  0,1, 2,..., n}


j(k )  
 ~
     ~
k iL10 , iL10 ,  k iC10 , iC10   s W ,W
~

 max{t k 1  t k : k  0,1, 2,..., n}  T0   .      

~ ~
   ~ ~
k , if max  s W ,W ,  k J , J ,  k iL10 , iL10 ,  k iC10 , iC10

   
~
  ~
 ~
  k J , J   k iL10 , i L10   k iC10 , i C10 .
Define the operator

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BW  BW (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ) , BJ (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ) , dW (t ) dW0 (t )
W (t )  W 0 (t ),  , t  [0, T ];
BL10  BL10 (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ) , dt dt
dJ (t ) dJ 0 (t )
BC10  BC10 (W , J , J L10 , J C10 ) J (t )  J 0 (t ),  , t  [0, T ];
dt dt
by the formulas
W0 (T )  0, J 0 (T )  0, iL10 (T )  0, iC10 (T )  0 .
 2 E (t ) L Z 0  R 0
  S ( J )(t ), t  [t k , t k 1 ] Lemma 1. If (W , J , iL10 , iC10 )  MW  M J  M L10  M C10
BW( k ) (W , J )(t ):   Z 0  R 0 Z 0  R 0 T

 
then
 W0 (t ), t  [0, T ]
BW (.), BJ (.), BiL (.), BiC (.)  M W  M J  M L10  M C10 .
10 10
Proof: We first prove that functions defined by the
B J( k ) (W , J , i L10 , i C10 )(t ): 
formulas (11) are continuous ones. Indeed, the continuity of
 t I (W , J , i , i )( s)ds
 t k
the first component is obvious. For the second one we have
L10 C10

B J( k ) (W , J )(t k 1 )   k 1 I k (W , J )( s)ds
t

 t  t k
t k 1 tk

 t k 1  t k t k
I (W , J , i L10 , i C10 )( s)ds, t  [t k , t k 1 ]
t k 1  t k tk 1

 J 0 (t ), t  [0, T ]

t k 1  t k tk I k (W , J )( s)ds  0 ,

B J( k ) (W , J )(t k 1 )   k 1 I k (W , J )( s)ds
t t
B L( k ) (i L10 , iC10 )(t ) :   I L10 (i L10 , iC10 )( s )ds tk
10 tk
(11)
t  tk t k 1 t k 1  t k 1 tk  2

t k 1  t k tk I L10 (i L10 , iC10 )( s )ds, t  [t k , t k 1 ] 
t k 1  t k tk 1 I k (W , J )( s)ds  0,

t
BC( k ) (W , J , iC10 )(t ) :   I C10 (W , J , iC10 )( s )ds t t0  t0 t1
B J(0) (W , J )(t 0 )   0 I k (W , J )( s)ds  t0 I k (W , J )( s)ds  0,
t1  t 0
10 tk t0
t  tk t k 1

t k 1  t k tk I C10 (W , J , iC10 )( s )ds, t  [t k , t k 1 ] BJ(0) (W , J )(t 0 )  J 0 (t 0 )  0 .
where For the another component we proceed in a similar way.
U k (W , J )  2E (t ) L(0, t )  (Z 0  R0 )S T ( J )(t )  / ( Z 0  R0 ) Lemma 1 is thus proved.
Further on we call a generalized solution of the
dS T (W )(t )  R C  oscillatory problem (10) the solution of the equations
I k (W , J , i L10 , iC10 )   
dt 
 L C11 L
 S T (W )(t )
 W  BW W , J , J  BJ W , J , iL10 , iC10 ,  
R C   
iL10  BiL iL10 , iC10 , iC10  BiC W , J , iC10 ,  
 
 L C L 
J (t )  e Rt / L
2 C
C11
i L10 (t )  i C10 (t ) ;   10

that is, the fixed point of the operator B. In this manner we

10

 11 
avoid the conformity condition [2].
1
C10 (iC10 (t ))  R1iL10 (t )
I L10,k (iL10 , iC10 )  ;
dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 I. Existence-uniqueness of an oscillatory solution
S T (W )(t )  J (t ) 1 1 Theorem 1. Let the conditions (U), (L), (C) be fulfilled and
I C10 , k (W , J , i C10 )  e  Rt / L  C10 (i C10 (t ))
2 L11 C L11 also the conditions:
W0 (t )  W0 e  (t t k ) ; J 0 (t )  J 0 e  (t t k ) , t  [ k ; k 1 ]
We assume (k  0,1,2,...,n  1) ;
(IN): W0 (t )  W0e  ( t  k ) , J 0 (t )  J 0e  (t  k ) , t  [0, T ] ;
W0  J 0 2 L Z 0  R0
e T0  0 ; W0  J 0 e  T  W0 ;
Assumptions (U): e T0 (W0  J 0 ) / 2   0 . 2 Z 0  R0 Z 0  R0
It follows W0 e  T  2 (e T0  1) / 
u (0, t )  W (t )  J (t  T )  / 2  W0 e   ( t t k )
 J 0e  (t T t k )
/ 2  R 2 C J L1  J C1   
C 
e T0
W 0  J 0e  T
/ 2   ; 0
. 
  L C11 L 
 W 0 e  T  J 0  
C11
  J0;

 

u (, t )  W (t  T )  J (t )  / 2  W0 e  (t T tk )  J 0 e  (t tk ) / 2  2
0  R1 J L1 e T0  1
 J L1 ; KW 
Z 0  R0  T
e 1;
e T0
W e
0
 T

 J 0 / 2  0 . Lˆ10  Z 0  R0
 W e  T  J 0 0  e T0  1
2 0    J C1 ;
 2L C L  
Now we formulate the main problem: to find an  11 11 
e T0  1  R 4 C
C   T
 
oscillatory solution (W , J , iL10 , iC10 ) of the system (10)
K J  e  T  2   e 1   1
coinciding with prescribed oscillatory initial functions   L C11 L  C11 
W0 (t ), J 0 (t ) on the interval [0, T ]

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K L1  2
e T0  1 
ˆ
L 
2



 R1  c0 h 1  0 /     1 ;
h 2
 
 0  R1 J L1 
Lˆ10

 
t

tk
e  ( s t k ) ds  tk
t k 1
e  ( s t k ) ds 

10
 0  R1 J L1  e  (t t k )  1 e  (t k 1 t k )  1 
 
T0
 1  e  T  1 2
KC1  2 
e
  c h 2 h
1   /    1.    
L11  2 C  Lˆ10  
0 0
  
Then there exists a unique oscillatory solution of (10).  e  (t t k ) 2(e T0  1)( 0  R1 J L1 ) / (  Lˆ10 )  J L1 e  (t t k ) ;
Proof: We show that B maps MW  M J  M L1  M C1
BC( k10) (W , J , iC10 )(t )
into itself. Indeed, for t  [tk , tk 1 ] we have
t  tk t k 1

t
2 E (t ) L Z 0  R0  I C10 (W , J , iC10 )( s)ds 
t k 1  t k  I C10 (W , J , i C10 )(s )ds
BW( k ) (W , J )(t )  
tk tk
S T ( J )(t )
Z 0  R0 Z 0  R0
  Rs / L W ( s  T )  J ( s) 1 1 

t
Z  R0   e  C10 (iC10 ( s))  ds
2 L tk  
 W0 e  ( t  t k )  0 J 0 e  T e  ( t  t k )  W 0 e  ( t  t k ) ;  2 L11 C L11 
Z 0  R0 Z 0  R0
  Rs / L W ( s  T )  J ( s) 1 1
t k 1 
B J( k ) (W , J , i L10 , i C10 )(t )  
 e 
L
C10 (iC10 ( s))  ds

 
tk
2 L11 C 11
t t  tk t k 1
  tk
I (W , J , i L10 , i C10 )( s )ds 
t k 1  t k  tk
I (W , J , i L10 , i C10 )( s )ds W e  T
 J 0 0  e  (t t k )
1 e  ( t k 1  t k )
1 
 0     
 2L C L11    
dW ( s  T )  
2 C
 
11

t

t
 ds  e Rs / L i L10 ( s )  i C10 ( s ) ds
tk ds C11 tk
e T0  1  W0 e  T  J 0 
 e  (t t k ) 2    0   e  (t t k ) J C1 .
R  t  L11  
J ( s )ds 
C 2 C
  t W ( s  T )ds  
t
 
L C L 
  k It remains to show that the operator B is a contractive
tk
11

t k 1 dW ( s  T ) 2 C J L1  J C1   t k 1
one. Indeed
  tk ds
ds 
C11  tk
e  ( s  t k ) ds BW( k ) (W , J )(t )  BW( k ) (W , J )(t )

R   t k 1  Z 0  R 0 J (t  T )  J (t  T ) / ( Z 0  R 0 )
J ( s )ds 
C t k 1
 
L C L   t W ( s  T )ds   
 11  k
tk  e  ( t  t k ) e  T Z 0  R 0  k T ( J , J ) / ( Z 0  R 0 )

 W (t  T ) 
 
2 C J L1  J C1  e  ( t  t k )  1 e  ( t k 1  t k )  1 

which implies
   k ( BW( k ) (W , J ), BW( k ) (W , J ))
C11    
 e  T Z 0  R0  k T ( J , J ) / ( Z 0  R0 )  K W  k T ( J , J ).
R   e  (t t k )  1 e  (t k 1 t k )  1 It follows
 W0 e  J 0      
C  T
   
~ ~ ~ ~~ ~
 k BW( k ) (W , J ), BW( k ) (W , J )  KW  j ( k ) (W , J , iL10 , iC10 ), (W , J , iL10 , iC10 )
L C L
 11     

e  ( t  t k )  1  R C  2 C J L1  J C1    Further on we have
 e  (t t k )W0 e  T     W0 e  J 0  
 T
 ~ ~~ ~
  L C11 L  C11  BJ( k ) (W , J , iL10 , iC10 )( t )  BJ( k ) (W , J , iL10 , iC10 )( t ) 
 
 dW ( s  T ) dW ( s  T ) 
e T0  1  R    
t
 2 C J L1  J C1     ds
 W0 e  J 0  
C
e  (t t k )
   T tk
 ds ds 

  L C11 L C11 
   R 
C

  k T W , W e t e 
t
 T  ( s t k )
  ds
L C L
  k
   
11
e T0  1   R  2 C J L1  J C1
 W0 e  J 0  
C R 
 e  (t t k ) W0 e  T  2  
 T
C

  k J , J t e 
t
 ( s t k )
    L C11 L    ds
   C11
 L C L
 11  k

 (t t k )
 J 0e
  i  
; 2 C
 
t
 k L10 , i L10   k i C10 , i C10 e  ( s t k ) ds
C11 tk

B L(10
k)
(i L10 , iC10 )(t ) R  t k 1  ( s t k )
t  tk t k 1
 
L C L
C
 t e 
ds   k T W ,W e  T   k J , J    
  
t
 I L10 (i L10 , iC10 )(s)ds  
k
I L10 (i L10 , i C10 )(s )ds 11
tk t k 1  t k tk

1
C (iC10 (s))  R1i L10 (s) t k 1 C101 (iC10 ( s))  R1i L10 ( s)

t
 ds  
10
ds
tk dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10 tk dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10

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 
(1/ C11 )  2 C  k i L10 , i L10   k i C10 , i C10      where
t k 1
e  ( s  t k ) ds

K L1   2e T0  2 / Lˆ10    R1  c 0h  2
   1   0 /    .
tk 2
h
 W (t  T )  W (t  T )  
It follows
R C  e  (t t k )  1
 
 L C L  k T
 
W , W e  T   k J , J     
 k  B L(10
k)
(i L10 , iC10 ), B L(10
k)
(i L10 , iC10 ) 
 
 
11
 K L1  k (W , J , i L10 , iC10 ), (W , J , i L10 , iC10 ) .
 
 (1/ C11 )  2 C  k i L10 , i L10   k i C10 , i C10
      e  (t t k )

 1 /  
Finally
BC( k10) (W , J , i C10 )(t )  BC( k10) (W , J , i C10 )(t )
R   ( t k 1  t k )
1
 
L C L
C
 
 T
  k T W , W e   k J , J    e 
  I C10 (W , J , i C10 )( s )  I C10 (W , J , i C10 )( s ) ds
t

 11  tk


 2 C / C11    i k L10  
, i L10   k i C10 , i C10    e  ( t k 1  t k )

 1 /   
t  tk
t k 1  t k  I
t k 1

tk C10 (W , J , i C10 )( s )  I C10 (W , J , i C10 )( s ) ds 


 e  ( t  t k )  k T W , W e  T  1 1
W (s  T )  W (s  T )  J (s)  J (s) C10 (iC10 (s))  C10 (iC10 (s))
  e  Rs / L
t
 ds
R  e T0  1
C
     L11
tk
 T 2L11 C
 
L C L   k T W , W e   k J , J 2
 11  
  R s W ( s  T )  W ( s  T )  J ( s)  J ( s) C101 (iC10 ( s))  C101 (iC10 ( s)) 

 2 C / C11    10 10 10 10   
  k i L , i L   k i C , i C   2 e T0  1 /  
    
t k 1

tk
e L


L11
ds

 2 L11 C 

 e  ( t  t k )  k T W , W e  T 

      
2

R 1  e T0  1
 T
  k T W , W e   k J , J  k (iC10 , iC10 )c 0h  2 h 1   0 /   
 
 L C11 Z 0 
  T

  k T W , W e   k J , J 2

   
2 L11 C

L11 
 
 
   
 2 C / C11   k i L10 , i L10   k i C10 , i C10   2 e T0  1 /  

   


e 1   R
T0

1   T 4 C 
.  e
tk
t
 ( s t k )
ds  
t k 1

tk
e  ( s t k ) ds 
 e  ( t  t k )  e  T  2      e  1  
C11  
    L C11 Z 0 

 e  (t t k ) max  k T W ,W ,  k J , J ,  k iC10 , iC10     
    
. max  k T W , W ,  k J , J ,  k i L10 , i L10 ,  k i C10 , i C10     .   T c 0h  2 h 1   0 /     
2

 
It follows 
.  2 e T0  1 /   
e
1

L11 
 2 L11 C 
 k  B J( k ) (W , J ), B J( k ) (W , J )   


 K J  j ( k ) (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ), (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ) 
, 
~ ~~ ~
 e  ( t tk ) K C1  j ( k ) (W , J , iL10 , iC10 ), (W , J , iL10 , iC10 ) , 
where
where

KJ  e  T

2e T0  2  R
 
1

  T
 e 1 
4 C
.  K C1  2
e T0  1  e  T  1


L11  2 C
2
 c0h 2 h 1  0 /    .  
 
 L C11Z 0  C11 
It follows
In a similar way we obtain
B L10 (i L10 , i C10 )(t )  B L(10
(k ) k)
(i L10 , i C10 )(t )  k  BC( k10) (W , J , iC10 ), BC( k10) (W , J , i C10 ) 
t
  I L10 (i L10 , i C10 )( s )  I L10 (i L10 , i C10 )( s ) ds 
 K C1  k (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ), (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ) . 
tk
Therefore
t  tk
 I   k  B(W , J , i L10 , i C10 ), B(W , J , i L10 , i C10 ) 
t k 1
 (i L10 , i C1 )( s )  I L10 (i L10 , i C10 )( s ) ds
t k 1  t k tk L10

t C101 (i C10 ( s ))  R1i L10 ( s ) C101 (i C10 ( s ))  R1i L10 ( s ) 

 K  k (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ), (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ) 

 
t

tk  dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10


dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10
ds
where K  max KW , K J , K L1 , KC1  1 . In view of fixed
point theorem from [2] and a remark in [18], the operator B
t k 1  C101 (i C10 ( s ))  R1i L10 ( s ) C101 (i C10 ( s ))  R1i L10 ( s ) 
  tk

 dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10

dL10 (i L10 ) / di L10
 ds

has a unique fixed point which is an oscillatory solution of
(10).
 
Theorem 1 is thus proved.

  k (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ), (W , J , i L10 , i C10 ) e  (t t k ) 
.  2e T0  2 / Lˆ10    R1  c 0h  2
    
2
h 1   0 /  

 ~ ~~ ~
 e  ( t tk ) K L1  k (W , J , i L10 , iC10 ), (W , J , iL10 , iC10 ) , 

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE REFERENCES
Here we collect all inequalities guaranteeing an [1]. Angelov, and M. Hristov, “Lossless transmission lines
existence-uniqueness result. terminated by linear and nonlinear RLC-loads,”
For a transmission line with length   10m, International Journal on Recent and InnovationTrends
L  0,45 H m, C  80 pF m , R  0,0875  we have in Computing and Communications, vol. 5, pp. 1341-
1352, No.6, 2017.
Z 0  L / C  0,45.106 / 80.1012  47,5  ; [2]. V.G. Angelov, A Method for Analysis of
LC  6.10 9 ; T   LC  6.108 sec ; Transmission Lines Terminated by Nonlinear Loads.
Nova Science, New York, 2014.
R / L  0,0875 / 0,45 .10 6  1,94 .10 5 . Choose   1012 and [3]. L. De Broglie, Problemes de Propagations Guidees des
T0  1014 , then T0  0  0,01 and ondes Electromagnetiques. Gauthier-Villars, Paris,
9
1941.
T  10 .6.10  6.10  6000 . We have also
12 3
[4]. C.A. Holt, Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields and
C10 (u )  c0 / 1  u /    c0 / 1  u /   , where h  2; Waves, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1963.
[5]. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, Electromagnetic
11
R0  R1  35,5  ; c0  5.10 F and   0,52 V  Waves and Radiating Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc.,
12
0  0,51  0,52   ; C11  50.10 F; L11  3.106 H . 1968.
[6]. S. Ramo, J.R. Whinnery, and T. Duzer, Fields and
We choose L10 (i)  3i  1 / 12i 3 . Then Waves in Communication Electronics. J.Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 1994.
dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10  3  0,25iL10 2 . [7]. L.О. Chua, C.A. Desoer, and E.S. Kuh, Linear and
For i0  1 we obtain 3  0,25iL10 2  3  0,25  2,75 and Nonlinear Circuits. McGraw-Hill Book Company,
New York, USA, 1987.
3
[8]. L.О. Chua, and Pen-Min Lin, Machine Analysis of
(n  1)nl
n 2
then n i0  0,5 ; Lˆ10  2,75. If we choose Electronic Circuits. Energy, Moscow, 1980.
n 2 [9]. S. Rosenstark, Transmission Lines in Computer
h2 and W0  J 0  J L1  J C1  0 , e  T  e 6000  0 , Engineering. Mc Grow-Hill, New York, 1994.
[10]. S.A. Maas, Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuits.
then the above inequalities become
2nd ed., Artech House, Inc., Boston London, 2003.
1 2 0,45 .10 6 [11]. D.K. Misra, Radio-Frequency and Microwave
e0,01  0,51  0,505  0,51 ; 1 ;
2 83 Communication Circuits. Analysis and Design, 2nd
ed., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, J. Wiley &
e 0,01  1  1 4 80 .10 12 
2 1,94 .10 5
   1; Sons, Inc., 2004.
1012  50 .10 12.47,5 50 .10 12  [12]. G. Miano, and A. Maffucci, Transmission Lines and
 
Lumped Circuits, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New
1  35,5 e 0,01
1  1  e 0,01
1 York, 2010.
2  1 ; 2  1 12 1;
2,75 10 12    6 [13]. F. Martín, Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and
 10 .3.10
12
 2 80 .10 Microwave Applications. Wiley Series in Microwave
12
KW  e 6000  0  1 ; & Optical Engineering, 2015.
83 [14]. R. Singh, Circuit Theory and Transmission Lines.
e 0,01  1  4 80 .10 12 
McGraw Hill Education, 2013.
1
KJ  2 1,94 .10 5
   1 [15]. Makwana, and B. Bhalja, Transmission Line
1012  50 .10 12.47,5 50 .10 12  Protection Using Digital Technology (Energy Systems
 
; in Electrical Engineering), Springer, 2016.
[16]. Dr.S. Ruikar, Electromagnetics and Transmission
e 0,01  1
K L1  2 12 35,5  0,52 1  0,98   1 ; Lines. Nirali Prakashan, 2016.
10 .2,75 [17]. R.A. Lundquist, Transmission Line Construction:
Methods and Costs. Forgotten Books, 2015.
e 0,01  1  
 0,52 1  0,98  .
1
K C1  2 12

6  6
[18]. S. Kalaga, and P. Yenumula, Design of Electrical
10 .3.10  2.10 80  Transmission Lines: Structures and Foundations. CRC
Press, 2016.
V. CONCLUSION. [19]. L. Georgiev, “Some extension of Angelov’s fixed
point theorem,” unpublished.
The solution can be approximated by an iterative
sequence of successive approximations.

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