CCN LAB MANUAL # 7

Dynamic Routing Protocol (RIP)

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA

Taxila, Rawalpindi

Course Instructor: Engr. Aasim Raheel Lab Instructor: Engr. Shahid Ali
 Routing protocols
There are three basic types of routing protocols.

Distance-vector Routing Protocols: Distance-vector Routing Protocols use simple

algorithms that calculate a cumulative distance value between routers based on hop count.

Example: Routing Information Protocol Version 1 (RIPv1) and Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (IGRP)

Link-state Routing Protocols: Link-state Routing Protocols use sophisticated algorithms

that maintain a complex database of internetwork topology.

Example: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System
(IS-IS)

Hybrid Routing Protocols: Hybrid Routing Protocols use a combination of distance-vector

and link-state methods that tries to incorporate the advantages of both and minimize their
disadvantages.

Example: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Routing Information

Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2)

All of the above are categorized as IGP & EGP protocols.

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) is a Routing Protocol which is used to find network path
information within an Autonomous System.

Known Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Routing Protocols are Routing Information Protocol
(RIP), Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is a Routing Protocol which is used to find network path
information between different Autonomous Systems. Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is
commonly used in the Internet to exchange routing table information. There is only one
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) exists now and it is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP), RIPv1, RIPv2

IP RIP (Routing Information Protocol) comes in two different versions: 1 and 2. Version 1 is a
distance vector protocol (RFC 1058) and Version 2 is a hybrid protocol (RFCs 1721 and
1722).
  Routing Information Protocol Version 1 (RIPv1)

RIPv1 uses local broadcasts to share routing information. These updates are periodic in
nature, occurring, by default, every 30 seconds. To prevent packets from circling around a
loop forever, both versions of RIP solve counting to infinity by placing a hop count limit of 15
hops on packets. Any packet that reaches the sixteenth hop will be dropped. RIPv1 is a
classful protocol. RIP supports up to six equal-cost paths to a single destination. Equal-cost
path are the paths where the metric is same (Hop count).

 Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2)

RIPv2 is a distance vector routing protocol with routing enhancements built into it, and it is
based on RIPV1. Therefore, it is commonly called as hybrid routing protocol.

RIPv2 uses multicasts instead of broadcasts. RIPv2 supports triggered updates. when a
change occurs, a RIPv2 router will immediately propagate its routing information to its
connected neighbours. RIPv2 is a classless protocol and it supports variable-length subnet
masking (VLSM).

Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 uses hop count as the metric.

Activity
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Configuration

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) can be configured in a router using the following IOS
commands. The "version 2" IOS command specifies that we are using RIPv2.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# version 2
Router(config-router)# network network_id
Step 1: Hostname and IP address configurations in all Routers as done in IP-Naming
Lab.
Step 2: Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration in all Routers
Connect to Router01 console and use the following IOS commands to configure Routing
Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) in Router01. Please refer the beginning of this lesson
to view the Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration IOS commands.

Using the IOS "network" command, as shown below, we specify only the directly connected
networks of this router.

Router01>enable
Router01#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router01(config)#router rip
Router01(config-router)#version 2
Router01(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
Router01(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0
Router01(config-router)#exit
Router01(config)#exit
Router01#

Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode,
if you want to save the changes you have made in the router.

Similarly, for router2

Router02>enable
Router02#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router02(config)#router rip
Router02(config-router)#version 2
Router02(config-router)#network 172.18.0.0
Router02(config-router)#network 172.19.0.0
Router02(config-router)#exit
Router02(config)#exit

Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all other routers.

Step 3: Verify the connectivity between networks using the ping command
Step 4: view the routing table in all Router

To view the routing table you can use the command “show running-config” in privilege or
configuration mode.

Rip timers:

RIP uses several timers to regulate its operation.

Update:
The update interval is the interval at which routes that are learned by RIP are advertised to
neighbours. This timer controls the interval between routing updates. The update interval is set to
30 seconds, by default, with a small random amount of time added when the timer is reset. This
added time prevents congestion that can occur if all routing devices update their neighbors
simultaneously.

To configure the update time interval, include the update-interval statement:

update-interval seconds;

seconds can be a value from 10 through 60.

Invalid:
You can set a route timeout interval. If a route is not refreshed after being installed in the routing
table by the specified time interval, the route is marked as invalid and is removed from the routing
table after the hold-down period expires.

To configure the route timeout for RIP, include the route-timeout statement:

route-timeout seconds;

seconds can be a value from 30 through 360. The default value is 180 seconds.

Flush:
RIP routes expire when either a route timeout limit is met or a route metric reaches infinity, and the
route is no longer valid. However, the expired route is retained in the routing table for a specified
period so that neighbors can be notified that the route has been dropped. This time period is set by
configuring the hold-down timer. Upon expiration of the hold-down timer, the route is removed
from the routing table.

To configure the hold-down timer for RIP, include the holddown statement:

holddown seconds;

seconds can be a value from 10 through 180. The default value is 120 seconds.