Railway Development

in Metro Manila
Engr. Deo Leo N. Manalo, PhD

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 Abstract
An introduction to railways
development rationale and system
choices. Best practices in the context
of Philippine rail industry.

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Urban Development
Scenario

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■ Growth of Metro Manila

Metro Manila (2010) Tokyo/23wards

• Area：620 km2 • 621km2
• Pop ：11.9 mil. • (9.1 mil.)
• Density: 191person/ha • 146 person/ha

• Population Density of Asian Cities

● Seoul 170 person/ha

● Jakarta 131 person/ha

● Shanghai 124 person/ha

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■ Growth of Metro Manila and Sorrounding Areas

Metro Manila BRLC

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p Expansion of Urban Areas

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■ Traffic congestions

Traffic Demand and Impact (Metro Manila)

2030
2012 2030 ‘30/’12
Volume/ Capacity Ratio
Traffic demand (mil. trips/day 12.8 14.5 1.13
Public transport share in total demand 69% 69% 1.00 V/C > 1.50 (beyond capacity)
V/C = 1.00 – 1.50 (at & above capacity)
Occupancy of road space by private vehicles 78% 78% 1.00 V/C = 0.75 – 1.00 (reaching capacity)
Transport cost (Php bil./day) 2.4 6.0 2.50 V/C < 0.75 (below capacity)

Air quality GHG 4.79 5.72 1.19

(mil. Tons/year)
PM 0.014 0.019 1.36
Ox 0.049 0.059 1.20
p Hourly Traffic Distribution on MManila Roads1)

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1) Results from 11 survey stations, 2012 7
■ Redefine spatial structure
Shift from radial/circumferential to Population Density
ladder form
1977 Metro Plan
● High density residential areas in city center
→ suburban
● Development of peri-urban/ suburban
areas
● Development of subcenters
● Recovery of green space
● Redevelopment/retrofitting of city center
areas

Conventional Proposed

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■ Spatial development strategy for GCR
Today: growth with single Future: growth with tri-
engine engines
150km 150km
Baler Baler

p Development of
Palayan
125km Palayan
125km
Tarlac Cabamatuan hierarchical Tarlac
Cabanatuan

100km
regional 100km
centers/clusters Mabalacat
Gapan
Mabalacat
Angels

75km
p Economic 75km
San Fernando development San Fernando
Baliuag
50km ● Agro-based Lubao
50km
Olongapo Malolos Sta. Maria Malolos Sta.Maria
San Jose Del Monte
Rodriguez
● Manufacturing Olongapo Meycauayan
San Jose Del Monte
Rodriguez

Services, BPO
Balanga 25km San Mateo San Mateo
● Balanga 25km
Antipolo Antipolo
Cainta
Tourism, others
Cainta
Taytay ● Taytay
Binangonan Bacoor Binangonan
Bacoor
p Improved
Imus Imus
Gen. Trias San Pedro Gen. Trias San Pedro
Sta. Rosa
connectivity
Binan Dasmarinas Sta. Rosa
Dasmarinas Cabuyao Sta Cruz Binan Cabuyao Sta Cruz
Trece Martires
Calamba
(between Calamba

San Pabro urban/growth Tagaytay

Tanauan
San Pablo

center, urban-rural)
Tayabas

Metropolis Lipa Lucena Lipa

Provincial Capital Regional Center Lucena
Urban center Sub-regional Center
Batangas
City population Urban Center Batangas
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City population 9
Scenario Summary
• Metro Manila growth to continue both in core area
and periphery – higher density and land area
• Circumferential and Radial transport network
system should improve network efficiency to
accommodate North-South and East-West Grid
network expansion
• Metro Manila needs increase coverage from 50km
to 500km of railway infrastructure

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 Why Railways? Why Not?

Time Savings Expensive

Reliable and Long project

efficient incubation period

Environment Complex construction

Friendly and O&M

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 Transport Infrastructure Types

Road Classification Railway Systems

Access Access
Alley Tram
(Brgy. Road)

Highway LRT-MRT
(Secondary)

Boulevard Subway/
(Primary) Commuter

Expressway Inter-City

Speed Speed
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Project Development
Decision Points
• What railway lines to build?
• Between points A & B and how to expand
• What type of service and capacity?
• Passenger or cargo?
• Metro, Commuter or Inter-city?
• How the project will be financed?
• Government budget (GAA)
• Government loan (ODA)
• Privatization (PPP)

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Railway Projects

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Philippine Railways Program
1. Infrastructure Development Program
a. Manila Metro System
b. Luzon System
c. Cebu Metro System
d. Mindanao Railway System
2. Institutional Rationalization Program
a. Operations and maintenance
b. Regulation and training
c. Construction and development

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Projects
• On-going
• Line 1/3/7 Common Station and DPWH Underpass
• LRT Line 1 South Extension: Baclaran to Bacoor
• LRT Line 2 East Extension: Santolan to Antipolo
• PNR North 1: Tutuban-Malolos (NSCR)
• LRT Line 7: North Avenue to Tala, SJDM
• Moving
• PNR North 2: Malolos-Clark
• Metro Manila Subway
• LRT Line 4: Ortigas to Tikling
• LRT Line 2 West Extension: Recto to Tutuban/Pier 4
• Mindanao Railways: Tagum-Davao-Digos
• PNR South Commuter and Inter-city, Manila to
Lucena/Matnog

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Status:
• On-going commissioning
of Feasibility Study for
AGT-CML Line

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Key points in railway development
• Start early, 6-years will be tight
• Project development: 2 years
• Programming: 1 year
• Procurement: 1 year
• ROWA and Resettlement: 2 or more…
• Construction: 4 years
• Organize a dedicated team, institutionalize and
professionalize railway personnel
• Establish research institution for localization of technology
and industry development

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Project Implementation
Decision Points
• Engineering design discussions
• Standards
• Structure types and architectural
• Technology
• Social considerations
• Right of way and acquisition
• Procurement
• Project Team

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Railway Operations

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Approx. Railway Ridership and Share
Line Average Daily Ridership
1 500,000
2 500,000
3 200000
PNR 50,000

Railway System Ridership = 1.2 Million Daily

Metro Manila Trips = 13 Million Daily
Railway Share = 10% of all trips
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Mode Share by Pax-km
(JICA 2012)

MODE Pax-km
Car 40,723
Public (Road) 81,624
Rail 9,616
Total 131,963

Railway Share = 7% of all trips

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Operation and Maintenance
Discussion Points
• O&M Management
• Safety and security procedures
• Quality management
• Outsourced services
• Manpower and Technical support
• Supply and parts procurement
• Timetable and Commuter welfare
• Social media

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Summary
More Railway infrastructure will contribute to
the decongestion of Metro Manila
• Stronger North-South and East-West lines
• Better station access and passenger transfers
• Build faster and better
• Institutional reforms

* Demand for civil engineering works will increase

due to new construction of railway lines
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