CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background

Background of the Study

Teenage Pregnancy tackles about the increasing numbers of teens who

suffers early pregnancy. It is defined as teenage or underage girl, usually within
the ages 12 – 19 becoming pregnant. Pregnancy has very important
consequences for teen girls, teen boys and their children. Teenage Pregnancy is
a serious issue that seriously affect the future of a young woman. It is the most
common problem that teenagers are facing. And some of the reasons why
teenage pregnancy happens are: lack of parental guidance, lack of parental, lack
of money, lack of knowledge about this issue, influence of friends, partner and
frustrations.

This can be attributed to ignorance about the possible outcomes of such

pregnancies, low education, situations triggered by poverty, etc. Firstly most
teenage pregnancies, but some groups, such as teens are at higher risk. A lot of
teenagers who became pregnant sometimes wish they weren’t. This happens
because they either don’t want to be parents or they know it’s not the right time.
By the time they find out that they are pregnant they start stressing out because
they don’t want their parents to know or find out. Having a baby as a teen makes
it much harder for a boy or girl to reach their dreams, such as finishing high
school, going to college or getting married when they grow up, and poses
additional challenges to the child as well.

We chose this topic to have a knowledge about what we should do to

avoid this issue. And to give my fellow SHS students warning about this issue to
know their limitations.

Statement of the Problem

The study focused on the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy among Anda
National High School students during the academic year 2016-2017.
The study aims to answer this following questions:

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1. What are student’s demographic profile in terms of?
a. Name
b. Age
c. Year & Section
d. Gender
2. What are the reasons why teenagers engaging this issue?
3. What are the factors affecting teenage pregnancy?
4. How this increasing issue may be prevented?

Assumptions
In conducting research about the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy among
Anda National High School students the following assumptions were made:
1. There were 4 selected students who aged 15-20 served as the
respondents of this study. Among them there were 5 in above average, 3
average and 2 below average. And at the academic standards are 3 advanced,
90 above, 2 proficient, 2 approaching proficient, and 3 developing students.
2. The top 5 reasons why teenage pregnancy happens were: 2% peer
pressure, 2% in lack of knowledge, 2% in absent parent 2% teenage drinking,
and 2% in influence of social media
3. The top 5 factors affecting teenage pregnancy are: 2% lack of parental
guidance, 2% adolescent sexual behavior, 2% inadequate knowledge about safe
sex, 2% socio economic factors, and 2% obsession.
4. This issue may be prevented by having a symposium about teenage
pregnancy; what are its risk factors and what are the disadvantages of engaging
in this issue.

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Scope and Delimitation
The delimitation is that the study focused on The Effect of Teenage
Pregnancy among Anda National High School students during the Academic
year 2016-2017. The respondents of the study were composed of 4 randomly
selected teenagers.
The researchers made a survey questionnaire to gather data from the
choosen respondents.

Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output

Respondents Effects of
Demographic • Survey Teenage
Profile • Interviews Pregnancy
• Name • Observations among the
• Age • Check the students of
• Year & Section records at the Anda National
• Gender Guidance High School

Our respondent’s demographic profile were their names, ages, year &
section, genders. The processes that we did were, survey, interviews,
observation, and we checked the records at the guidance. So we now knew the
number of the students engaged in this issue.

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Theoretical Framework
The theories guiding this research study are aimed at lowering unhealthy
sexual practices of teenage girls who are pregnant or have a child. Numerous
inventions have been designed to promote safes premarital behavior among
young girls. However, relatively few have proven effective, in part due to the lack
of development of theoretically based programs and structure (Wright, Abraham,
& Scott, 1998). An understanding of thee origins and control of inappropriate
sexual behavior can be derived from basic social science research. Unless this is
a applied to the design of behavior-change programs, the latter are unlikely to
target the most important determinants of young people’s behaviors and are ,
unlikely to be effective ( Wright et al.,1998 ). According to Wright et al., (1998), it
is imperative that programs whose goal is to deter teen pregnancy comply with
the following:
 Improve the quality of young people’s relationships, particularly in terms of
reducing anxiety and regretted sexual behaviors.
 Reduce the incidence of unsafe sex
 Reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancies.
The theoretical basis of this study was intentionally eclectic, combining social
psychological cognitive models with sociological interpretations, since this
researcher was not concerned with advancing a particular theory, but with finding
which are most useful in promoting sexual health.
First, the social influences on sexual behaviors are considered followed by
the way in which these translate into individual perceptions and beliefs. It is
important that educators develop a theoretical understanding of sexual
interaction and the social contexts of sexual behaviors among teenage girls.
Drawing on symbolic interaction, phenomenology and feminist analysis,
recent sociological research on young people’s sexuality highlights three key
issues. First, individuals understanding of sexuality is largely learned, and if is
learned differently according to ones gender. Because sexuality is socially
constructed, it is theoretically open to change. Second, the outcome of
heterosexual sexual encounters is shaped by gendered power relationships.
Third, the recognition and interpretation of health risks are culturally specific,
varying with age, gender and social class (Wright et al., 1998). Gender relations,
power and risks are all key aspects of the teenager’s sexual world, but no one
aspects is absolute. Wright et al., (1998) stated that young people are capable of
reflecting

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on their social and sexual practice, and need to be given the opportunity to do so
in a context where they are under no immediate pressure, but where they can
come to understand and deal with different points of view.

Significance of the Study

The study focused on the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy among Anda
National High school students. The results will be beneficial to the following:

Respondents. The respondents will have an awareness to what are the possible
risk factors and effects that may affect their lives.

Teachers/Mentors. The result of this study will help the teachers/mentors think of
what they must do for their students to avoid in this issue.
Students. This research will give them knowledge about how not to engage with
this type of issue.

Guidance staff. This research will help them to what programs should be
implemented in order to give students knowledge about this increasing issue.

Parents. The result of this will help the parents of the respondents feel secured
because of the programs that will be implemented.

Future Researchers. The result of this study may be beneficial to them, who will
choose the same topic on this.

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Definitions of Terms
These are the terms we used in conducting this research.

Lack of Knowledge- teenagers who are uneducated about sex are more
likely to have unintended pregnancy.
Mentor - someone who teaches or gives help and advice to ales experienced
and often younger person.
Parents - a person who is a father or a mother; a person who has a child.
Pregnancy - the condition of a woman that is going to have a baby.
Peer Pressure - are teenagers often feel to make a friend and fit with their
peers.
Respondents - people who gives a response or answer to a question that is
asked especially as part of a survey like students.
Surveys - to ask (many people) a question or a series of questions in order to
gather information about what something.
Teenagers-relating to people who are between 13 and 19 years old.
Teenage Drinking - this can cause unexpected pregnancy, according to the
website love to know, many teens experiments with drugs and alcohol.