1. Read the topic twice before starting and understand it.

Don’t write anything out of

context and be precise.
2. Cover all the Minor and major aspect
3. Make sure to write words greater than 200 and less than 300. Don’t exceed the limit
or be short.
4. Use synonyms, punctuation, examples, don’t use the same word twice.
5. Avoid bullet points, short sentences
6. Cover minor and major aspect, Don’t leave any aspect.
7. Leave at least 5 minutes for review and correction.
a. Check each spelling twice.
b. Use of ‘the’ and ‘a’

How to give example:

1. Therefore, I am consummately in accord with this statement that a common man has to pay the
price of a group's ideology.
2. To give a clear example: Global warming should be taken more serious as it can lead to a
number of disastrous consequences. To give a clear example, the melting polar ice caps not
only caused loss of habitat for polar bears but are also threatening sea levels worldwide.

3. Such as and Namely: Crimes should not have the same punishment. Minor crimes, such as
pick pocketing and traffic offences, should not have the same penalty as major crimes, namely
murder and manslaughter.

4. For instance: More and more women are choosing to start the family later in life. 20% of
women giving birth to their first child, for instance, are over the age of 30 in the United States.

5. To illustrate: Children often learn behavior from the adults around them subconsciously. To
illustrate, around 50% of children who are brought up by aggressive parents often use
aggression to solve their own problems later in life.

6. For Example: Parents should be responsible for teaching their children right or wrong. If for
example, they see their child using bad language, they should spend time explaining their child
the serious consequence that can result from this type of behavior.

7. Take, for example: More and more people are living sedentary (tending to spend much time
seated; somewhat inactive) lifestyles because of work conditions. Take, for example, office
workers in the United Kingdom who spend at least 8 hours a day, 5 days a week sitting in
front of computer.

Conclusion:

1. To recapitulate, I pen down saying that…..

2. In a nutshell,
3. In the end we can conclude that

Computers & Internet

Pros

1. Communication and social connectivity: Face book , Whatsapp, likedln, Skype, Gmail for
emails.News is available from all part of the world instantaneously.

2. Entertainment: Youtube, Netflix

3. Education: Elementary school, High school , Elevate, Formative years , reading X
Computer can be used as a great educational tool. Students can have access to all sort of
information on the internet. Some great websites like Wikipedia, Code Academy, Byte-Notes and
Mathletics provides free resources for students & professionals.

4. Space Exploration: Satellite for communication and internet

5. Health and Medical Science: Stem Cell Therapy
6. business: Wider audience

Computers are important in many areas of life. They allow you to store ample amounts of
information in a quick and easy fashion. Because they tend to work like the human brain, they
are very advantageous in the medical field.1 Using computers, we are able to hold all of patients'
information in a more organized fashion. With so many patients and their information, files and
records would occupy too much space. Computers allow people in the medical field to store
information without using needed area. Medical history, current heath status, family history, and
more can be easily accessed and looked up within a few short minutes.1

Computers are used in many of the diagnostic tests that take place within the hospital. The
monitors and devices stationed throughout the hospital work due to complex and specific
computer programming. These computers allow us the take pictures, x-rays, scanning, and other
useful tools needed to view the human body and produce a diagnosis. Some of these processes
include:

 Computerized Axial Tomography

 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 Functional MRI
 Positron Emission Tomography

Another way computers are used in the medical field is through "population science". This is the
study of health and illness within a grouped or groups of people. This is especially useful during
major epidemics or outbreaks in different areas. New technology has allowed this science to
evolve and revolutionize within the medical field. Physicians of all different types are able to
evaluate patients on a larger scale:

Through the use of population science, doctors are able to use large-scale data to find more
efficient ways to cure major epidemics, rather than focusing on treating just an individual.

Death rates of a population

Life span of a population

Frequency of a specific or group of illnesses

 Physical health and obesity

Issues with cancer and heart disease

The internet is what helps to make this all possible for hospitals. Communication is much faster
and easily accessible. Patients and doctors are able to communicate not only within the hospital,
but outside of the hospital at a much faster rate.

Cons:

Security of personal data: Credit card and identity theft. Yahoo server hacked.

Society: Cyber bullying and Age-inappropriate content-pornography

Mental iillness, depression and addiction, Social isolation , obesity

Creativity: Only 15+ should use the internet otherwise they will decrease their creativity

PC's are the result of malicious software that infected a Computer. Examples of this are things such as
malware, viruses, trojans, spyware, adware, root kits, and worms

What is the best invention of the last 100 years: computer, antibiotics, airplane?
Explainwhy.

One of the conspicuous trends of today's world is the colossal upsurge in technological
developments changing the way people live their lives, thanks to an array of innovations of
modern science, from computing and aviation to medicines and treatment. In my opinion,
computers are what has played a pivotal role in virtually every aspect of human life.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments to support my stance. The preponderant one
is that, thanks to the efficient use of the computer in education. Not only can teachers
prepare the lesson plans effectively, but students can also enhance their knowledge and
broaden their horizons with much ease, convenience and efficacy. Besides, the internet,
being an indispensable part of people do not the feel segregated and detached anymore,
irrespective of geographical location. As a result, due to this influx of readily accessible
knowledge and improved efficiency, people rank computers as the supreme invention of the
last 100 years.

In addition, another compelling reason to support my stance is thanks to the wide use of
computers in the fields such as the transport, health care, scientific research, and weather
forecast, the computer has greatly reduced human involvement. Apparently, less human
interference means that the likelihood of making errors in these crucial areas has also
declined. Hence, there is no doubt that the enhanced efficiency, effective management and
comfortable life we enjoy today can primarily be attributed to the computer. Therefore, it is
apparent that computers complement and influence other areas of importance for
humankind, thus making it possible to realise the potential of other inventions at a wider
scale.
To conclude, never has any single invention of last century benefited mankind in so many
ways as the computer.

Should top-level authorities of a company take employee’s suggestions or ideas

to take any decisions? Discuss in detail.
OR
Employers/authorities of a company should take suggestions or ideas from
employees in taking any decision. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is involving employees in the decision-
making process by a number of organisations. There is a widespread worry that this will
only lead to a myriad of problems in any company. In my opinion, this apprehension is
unwarranted and so should be rejected.

To begin with, there are numerous arguments in favour of my stance. The

preponderant one is that thanks to the input from employees, employers will
have diverse ideas and concepts to work on. Not only can the company come to
a wiser decision based on the employee data, but they can also make the staff
feel privileged by considering their opinion valuable. For example, in the food
processing industry; food processing involves numerous complex task, such as
harvesting, separating, filling, packaging and labelling, each requires
specific skills, in order to make an educated decision related to any issue, it is
necessary to involve employees working in these tasks.Therefore, seeking
suggestions from employees help in informed decision making.

In addition, another compelling aspect of involving the employees in the strategic planning
of an organisation is that they will not feel that they are merely following orders; they will
rather feel that they are an indispensable part of the organisation, which will motivate them
to put in more efforts. Unlike those companies, which impose order on their employees fails
to generate spontaneity in them, companies that value their employees’ opinion succeed in
motivating them to work efficiently.Hence, for increased productivity, it is paramount that
senior management involves employees at all levels in the relevant decisions of the
company.

In view of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits which,
considering employees advice and suggestions offer at a company are indeed too significant
to ignore.

In education system, is assessment through written formal examination valid?

OR
Do you think formal written examinations are a good way to assess knowledge
at school?
The role of conventional written tests in gauging a student's capability is widely debated,
with academics claiming that these tests are flawed and can hardly measure children's
performance accurately and comprehensively. In my opinion, this proposal merits serious
consideration.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments in favour of my stance. The conspicuous one
is that in order to attain good grades in these stereotyped exams, students are not required
to possess an in-depth knowledge of a specific subject. Not only these traditional exams
allow a mediocre student to perform as highly as a prodigy, but they also fail to instil
knowledge in students, thus failing to broaden their intellectual horizons. Additionally, the
formal examination system only tests the memory of the student, not skills and expertise.
Therefore, it is evident that conventional exam is not the appropriate way to judge students'
performance.

In addition, another preponderant aspect of this argument is that questions in these exams
are often repeated, anyone having access to past test papers can memorise pre-prepared
scripts and achieve higher marks. Moreover, the intellectual ability of students is impeded as
they do not need to explore with an inquisitive attitude to learn and discover new concepts.
Hence, it is apparent why people are against these stereotyped exams based on rote
learning.

To conclude, in my opinion, the drawbacks of formal-written tests are indeed too dire to
ignore.

Nowadays TV has become an essential part of life. Medium to spread news and
for some it acts like a companion. What is your opinion about this?

Viewers

These days, the Television is an essential part of human life, both as a source of information
and as a means of recreation. As such, there are both merits and demerits to this trend,
however, in my opinion, the former outdo the latter.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments in favour of my stance.The conspicuous one

is that thanks to the ubiquity of television, people can effectively update themselves about
the events happening in the world, be it local, national or international. Not only TV has
kept people abreast with the ever-changing world, but it also generates interest among
them about different languages and culture. Therefore, the TV plays a pivotal role in
enhancing the knowledge and in broadening the intellectual horizons of people.

In addition, another preponderant reason to support my position is the deluge of programs

available for people of all ages such as news , documentaries and comedy shows, the
television can provide the much-needed relaxation and entertainment in their hectic life and
in the process providing the essential food for the deprived soul. Moreover, the TV is
beneficial for older people who live alone; in my practice as a nurse, TV is used as a
diversional therapy to ease anguish and is an efficient method of treating anxiety and
depression. It is also useful for people who are not very well versed in operating the
internet and computers, they can listen to news and other information using TV. Hence, TV
has become indispensable for the majority of people as they consider it as a friend which is
always there when needed.

To conclude, the TV plays a paramount role in people's lives as a companion and as an

instant source of information.

Do you think consumers should avoid over packaged products or it is

responsibility of producers to avoid extra packaging of products? Give your
views or any relevant example with your own experiences.

One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the packaging of
products, be it day-to-day goods or luxury items. It has long been debated whether
manufacturers are responsible, or the consumer in stopping this trend. In my opinion, the
responsibility lies with both the manufacturers and consumers.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments in favour of my stance. The preponderant

one is that that the eye-catchy shimmering material used for packaging is mostly non-
disposable which adds to the environmental pollution and to the cost of the product. Not
only this over-packaging contribute to the larger production of waste contaminating water,
soil and other natural resources, thus, causing health problems, such as cancer, asthma and
allergies, but their manufacturing cost is also an extra financial burden on shoppers with no
extra benefit. Therefore, it is apparent that it is the responsibility of manufacturers to avoid
packing their goods with extra material to reduce cost and avoid further damage to the
environment.

In addition, another pivotal aspect of this argument is that manufacturers present their
products in glamorous looking outer covering when in fact the product in itself is of poor
quality. They often forget that consumers are interested in the quality of product and
external appearance is not something they are interested in. Buyers on their part should
avoid buying these fancy looking articles and should make an informed decision whether or
not to buy products that use over packing. Apparently, If customers start avoiding such
unnecessary over packing of products, manufacturers would be bound to change the way
they are doing the packing nowadays.

In short, it is of paramount importance that both the purchaser and producer of goods
should play their role in regards to this issue of over packaging.

Parents should be held legally responsible for their children’s acts. What is your
opinion? Support it with personal examples.
It has long been much contention whether parents should be held responsible for their
children's behaviour.In my opinion, parents should be legally held responsible for their
children's behaviour.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments to support my stance.The preponderant one

is that parents intervention can heavily influence a child's personality and behaviour
development.Not only children break the law in absence of either motive or incentive unlike
their adult counterparts, but their acts are also intuitive and accidental.Therefore, parents
should be responsible for teaching their child right or wrong, if for example, when they
notice their child using foul language, they should spend time explaining their child the
serious consequences that can result from such type of behaviour.Hence, parents should be
made legally responsible for their children's acts.

In addition, another conspicuous argument to support my stance is that parents often fail to
set a role model and because children's have a natural ability to imitate other, their violent
and unlawful behaviour is potentially the replica of their parents.Children often learn
behaviour from adults around them subconsciously.To illustrate, around 50% of the children
who are brought up in an aggressive environment often use aggression to solve their own
problems later in life.

In today’s world, different governments and international organisations are

confronting many problems to deal with. What is the most pressing problem
among them? How can it be taken care of?

Amosphere

These days, nations around the world are facing a colossal amount of issues, such as
climate change, global warming and pollution. In my opinion, the prominent issue is
pollution.

To begin with, there is a myriad of harmful consequences of pollution in the world. The
conspicuous one is that air and water pollutants from industries contaminate the
environment. Not only do they have an adverse impact on the ecology, but they also cause
people to suffer from a range of diseases, for example, cancer, heart disease and asthma.
For instance, Global warming, which is caused by air pollution can lead to a number of
disastrous consequences. Take, for example, the melting polar ice caps not only caused loss
of habitat for polar bears but are also threatening sea levels worldwide. Therefore,
environmental pollution is the biggest concerning issue at the moment for the human
civilization.

There are a number of steps which are urgently required to stop further damage to our
ecosystem. Firstly, the government should introduce stringent laws and regulations to
ensure that factories and manufacturers use eco-friendly measures in producing goods.
Secondly, the international organizations can raise funds and thus assist underprivileged
nations to fight pollution. Lastly, people should be made aware of the harmful consequences
of environmental pollution and be encouraged to adopt measures which can lead in a
cleaner environment, namely, recycling their waste appropriately and using the public
transport instead of cars.As a consequence, these steps will aid in reducing pollution and
containing this soaring issue.

To conclude, in my opinion, out of all the burning issues, environmental pollution is the
most serious and it is the responsibility of individuals, organisations and countries to do
their bit in resolving this issue.

Places where one grows up play a key role in one’s success. Write about a person
who got accomplishments because of the place s/he grew up in.
OR
Many people think regions affect successful persons. What is your opinion about
native regions and accomplished person influence on the regions they belong to?

There is no denying that the region where one is raised plays an instrumental role in
contributing to one’s success. In this essay, I will elaborate the story of such a successful
person whose accomplishments can largely be attributed to the environment he was
brought up in. This person is Dr A.P. J. Abdul Kalam, who became an eminent scientist and
later the president of India.

To begin with, there is myriad of ways how Abdul Kalam benefited from the atmosphere he
was brought up in. The conspicuous one is that both his parents were highly educated with
plenty of support in numerous forms. Not only did the congenial environment at home
motivate him to succeed, but the impoverished and underprivileged society, he was raised
in also encouraged him to become something so that he could bring a positive change in
the lives of these destitute people. Therefore, it is evident that the region plays a pivotal
role in the achievement of the individuals.

In addition, another pivotal aspect of Abdul Kalam’s life is that the suffering and hardship he
went through in childhood made him capable to deal with the arduous and cumbersome
pressures of life in the future. Besides, poverty and struggle made him determined to
eradicate poverty from society. Hence, it is apparent how his financial insolvency has made
him a warrior to change the world.

In view of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the impact of the ambience
one grows up in is indeed too great to ignore, as far as attaining success in life is
concerned.

Action Speaks louder than words

There is a famous adage "action speaks louder than words". Each individual has a
different opinion on what is more important, words or actions. However, in my opinion, I
completely agree that impact of actions is far greater than mere words.
 To begin with, there is a myriad of argument in favour of my stance.The conspicuous
one is that actions have a strong impact on people around us. For instance, during
teenage years, the majority of the time I often ignored the words of my parents and
always imitated their acts. It is the same for adults, People often listen to the words of
others, but it is not until they notice their appropriate action that people believe in them,
For example, an employer cannot gain the trust of his employees if they consistently
elaborate on their policies or what they wish to achieve, but they never support their
words with relevant actions. Therefore, words without actions have little or no weight.

In addition, another preponderant contention is that gradually "Words become Actions".

Why? Because people come to rely on the fact that what others say is not simply the
movement of their lips or the sound of their voice, but rather a series of steps that they
intend to embark upon! accordingly, their words become a guarantee. Hence, what
people need to remember is that one slip and the trust is destroyed. In the holy book,
Bible, it is rightly mentioned, "by their fruits, ye shall know them; not by their
disclaimers.”. Thus, merely words with no action have little significance.
To conclude, in my opinion, actions are of paramount significance and are way
more powerful than the words.

Some people believe laws change human behavior. Do you agree with it?

The role of laws in bringing positive change to human behaviour is widely debated, with
some people claiming that human behaviour is rarely affected by stringent rule-setting,
however, I do not entirely agree with this argument and believe that human behaviour is
indeed affected by rules and regulations.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments in favour of my stance.The conspicuous

argument lies in the fact that rigorous rules can engender fear in the mind of anti-social
elements and miscreants, who mostly commit crime because of the leeway they enjoy in
breaking the law. Not only do these severe rules make people aware that their illegal
activities will result in harsh punishment such as a financial penalty, prison sentence or even
capital punishment, but the likelihood that they will indulge in unlawful activities is bound to
decline. Therefore, this fear of retribution changes the behaviour of criminals and helps in
making people disciplined in the society.

In addition, another preponderant reason to support my position is that in our day to day
life, people follow rules without even realising them. This often happens as the common
person has become accustomed to following these rules in worry of being penalised for
breaking them, for example, traffic law. Today, most of the people follow traffic signals out
of habit, for instance, they stop at the red light, start an indicator before the turn and wear
a seat belt when they are driving.Hence, we can say that law plays a pivotal role in
changing human behaviour without people even realising it.

To conclude, laws play a paramount role in shaping human behaviour.

Information revolution has changed the ways of mass communication and has
some negative and positive effects on individual’s lives as well as on society. To
what extent doyou agree or disagree?

In recent years, there has been a colossal change in the way of mass communication;
thanks to the ubiquity of state-of-the-art technology. As such, there are both merits and
demerits to this trend. However, in my opinion, the former outdo the latter.

To begin with, there is a myriad of benefits that can be attributed to this development. On
the one hand, by utilising such advanced communication tools such as Facebook and
Twitter, now media can reach to a much broader range of consumers, as they no longer
have to rely on conventional tools, such as newspapers and magazines. On the other hand,
with the proliferation of the Internet and Internet enabled devices, namely computers and
smartphones, people can check emails and read e-papers, even when they are on the
move, thus, keeping themselves abreast with the ever-changing world. Therefore, this influx
of readily accessible knowledge through mass media has immensely benefited the society.

In addition, another compelling advantage of this development is that it has enabled

different societies to enlighten each other by sharing their knowledge in numerous fields,
from history and culture to Art and literature. Moreover, modern methods of mass
communication can augment awareness on a range of societal issues that can be addressed
accordingly. Hence, it is apparent how society benefits astronomically because of the
technological revolution in mass media.

In addition, another compelling advantage of this technological development in mass media

can be taken from the United States presidential elections. There has been a substantial
increase in the use of Twitter, Facebook and live television political debates by the
candidates to put forth their views in front of the US voters. As a consequence, not only
people have greater visibility on the policies of their candidates, but it also helps them in
making the right choice when it comes to voting. This would have been impossible without
the technological innovations in mass media. Hence, the advantages of this new form of
mass media are enormous for the people and society.

Preserving Old Building:

Nations around the world have an abundance of old building such as temples, churches and
palaces. Some people claim that these antiquated building should be demolished and should
be replaced with new buildings to represent development. However, in my opinion, it is
important to preserve these edifices but this does not imply that progress should stop.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments to support my stance. The conspicuous

reason is that these architectural marvels provide an insight into the history of our
 countries, showing us how people lived their lives, many centuries ago. Without them,
people could only learn from books, and it would undoubtedly be disappointing if this were
the only way to observe them. Moreover, these structural monuments attract visitors, not
only this results in job creation for local people in sectors such as infrastructure
development, transport and hospitality but generates enormous financial revenue for the
local economy. Therefore, maintaining these ancient buildings not only serves as a catalyst
for development but also provides a glimpse into our history.

In addition, another preponderant reason is that modernization can be achieved in tandem

while protecting these buildings. For example, historic buildings can be renovated whilst
maintaining their original character and later used for modern purposes. For instance,
Umaid Bhavan palace in the city of Udaipur was turned into a hotel; it is a famous attraction
for foreign visitors to India. Hence, it is apparent that these historical buildings are not an
obstacle in the way of progress.

To conclude, in my opinion, it is of paramount significance to protect and preserve these

memorable buildings as they bring tremendous benefits to our people, economy and
country.

Illiterate parents cannot teach their children well, a laborer’s child cannot become a
doctor, what are your views regarding this.

It is a common perception that uneducated parents cannot provide efficient education and
skills to their offsprings. However, in my opinion, this is not true as illiterate people value
education more than literate people as they have been deprived of it in their own life.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments to support my stance. The preponderant

reason is that fruitful education requires traits such as positive attitude, etiquettes,
determination and goal directed approaches which can be inculcated by effective upbringing
by parents, no matter illiterate or literate. Parents with low qualification level may struggle
with the selection of an appropriate field in the study, but this can be tackled by efficient
guidance from teachers and interest of the student. Therefore, education level of parents is
never a hindrance in the path to academic and professional success of their child.

In addition, another conspicuous argument is that literacy level of parents has never been a
hindrance in success of many famous, accomplished people such as Abraham Lincoln;
violent staccatos of the jackhammer coupled with rhythmic pounding of nails and muffled
obscenities comprise the symphony of the construction site that has been his father’s
accompaniment for years and Lincoln saw the value of education in the scratches and
calluses in his hands and aches in his knees which fortify his notion of uphill struggle.
Taking this example of Abraham Lincoln, as an illustration, it is evident that children of
uneducated parents can achieve professional success.

In short, for every individual, children’s education is of paramount significance which they
always try to support irrespective of their financial conditions or other obstacles.
Successful sports stars and glamorous film stars are role models for youngsters.
Do you
support it or not? (Agree/ disagree)

leading
Prominent

The role of celebrities, be it in sports or in entertainment, as a role model for youngsters is

widely debated, with some people claiming that these famous personalities have hardly any
didactic purpose to serve. In my opinion, this notion merits serious consideration.

To begin with, There is a myriad of arguments in favour of my stance. The conspicuous

one is that these famous personalities often show the brighter side of their lifestyle and the
inner aspects of their characteristics are hidden from the public. Not only are they involved
in a race against each other to gain name, fame and money, but they are also unhappy with
their family life, thus leading to complications, such as depression, frustration, loneliness.
Hence, these high profile personalities should not be the role model for teenagers as the
likelihood that these shallow, artificial and greedy people will benefit youths in shaping their
beliefs and ideologies in a positive way is bleak.

In addition, another overt facet of following celebrities is that rarely do they possess
such essential attributes as moral and ethical values that are deemed vital in becoming an
ideal human being. Besides, thanks to the ubiquity of the Internet and the popularity of the
social networking sites, youngsters who are both immature and vulnerable are readily
exposed to celebrities’ brawling over insignificant matters and verbally assaulting their
counterparts Therefore, it is apparent why people believe that teenagers should rather
imitate the lifestyle of their parents or teachers, who possess a deluge of qualities, from
sincerity and honesty to perseverance and dedication.

In view of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the drawbacks
associated with the youths imitating the lifestyle of celebrities are indeed too dire to ignore.
It is argued that getting married before finishing school or getting a job is not
a good choice. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Pair, duo
obligations

The idea of starting one’s married life prior to completing their academic studies or building
their career is widely debated, with people claiming that doing so would give birth to a
deluge of concerns. My view coincides with this notion and in my opinion, marriage without
personal and professional stability will only bring issues in an individual's life.

To begin with, there is a myriad of arguments in favour of my stance. The conspicuous

oneis that thanks to their young age, the couple will be feeble and vulnerable when it
comes to taking serious decisions in life. Not only will they struggle to cope with different
situations in their married life will entail, but they will also suffer from financial hardship
without an assured career. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that people are mature
and financially stable before they marry otherwise with a deluge of problems, the
relationship will only deteriorate, contributing to an unhappy conjugal life.

In addition, another preponderant facet of this argument is that getting married earlier
would result in an uncertain future for a youth, both in terms of higher studies and career.
As with arduous responsibilities in life, such as parental responsibilities and household
duties, they will not get enough time to pursue their career.As a consequence, neither will
they be able to raise their children properly, nor fulfil their basic requirements, be it financial
or psychological. Hence, it is apparent that why people are against early marriage. In view
of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the drawbacks of getting married
earlier without completing one’s studies and developing their career are indeed too dire to
ignore.