Petrel Reservoir Engineering

© 2009 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of Schlumberger.

Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective
owners.
Outline

• Introduction to Petrel* Reservoir Engineering

– The Vision
– Foundation workflow
• Highlights of Petrel* 2009.1
• Key workflows
– Water saturation
– Sector modeling
– Well pattern design
• Uncertainty & optimization
 Petrel* & ECLIPSE*: 2003

Petrel* FloGrid
Schedule PVTi SCAL

ECLIPSE
* Office
ECLIPSE*
Black oil
SimOpt Compositional
Thermal
FrontSim

FloViz

4
Reach Decisions More Quickly

Value
Project Progress

Time

5
Petrel* & ECLIPSE*: The Vision

ECLIPSE*
Petrel* Black oil
Compositional
Thermal
FrontSim
INTERSECT

6
Why does Integration matter?

Original Geological
Model

7
Why does Integration matter?

Wells show communication ⇒

engineering modification

Geologically
reasonable?
Predictive power?

8
Integration Matters!

Geological modification –
change channel direction

9
Game changing

1
Foundation workflow
Demonstration
Petrel* RE 2008.1 & 2009.1 Highlights
• Sector modeling
• Results analysis
– Multi-value cell probe
– Tensor display
– Line plot style control
– Case variable plotting
• Uncertainty
– New user interface
– API to plug-in samplers, proxy
models
– Case collections
• Completions
– Thermal properties of wellbore
– Connection factor from log
– Manager & operations
• Fluids
– Compositional fluids
– Usability
• Gridding
– Transmissibility & Pore volume
– Display of locally coarsened grids
– Property upscaling
– Gradual local refinement
Compositional Simulation

• Import matched equation of state from file OR

Create default equation of state in Petrel*
• Define the samples’ compositions
• Plot samples’ phase envelopes and finger print
plot
• Include EOS in simulation
• Define and run ECLIPSE* compositional
Multi-value Probe

• Probe shows property values of cells

as you click:
– As many properties as you want
– From as many different grids as
you want
• For example:
– What facies when looking at
porosity?
– Did upscaling work?
– Saturation and pressure in
simulation results
– Etc.
Multi Dimensional Properties

• Visualize Tensors
– Geomechanics workflow
– Stress/strain, Principal directions
• Improved visualization controls
– Easy to create
– Improved Vector & Arrow style
settings and usability
Completions manager

• Completions Manager
– Gives you easy access to all
wells and their completions
– Spreadsheet style interface
with copy’n’paste to Excel
– Sort and group to categorize
wells and different
completions items
– Improved QC capabilities
Completions Modeling
• Thermal properties of multi-segmented
wells
– Cross section area of pipe
– Volumetric Heat Capacity
– Thermal conductivity

• Connection factor from log

– Calculate connection factor from
permeability log
– More accurate productivity of well,
especially in very coarse grids
Key workflow: Sector Modeling
Objective: simulate a portion of the field, for infill drill planning, well matching,
etc. quickly but honouring boundary effects from full field model
• Extract a sector model from a full field
simulation model
– Flux, pressure or no flux
boundary conditions
– Both black oil and compositional
• Modify area of interest:
– Add wells
– Upscale new properties from geo
model
• Run sector models for increased
speed - iteratively
• Finally, apply same changes to full
field model and re-run
Key workflow: Water saturation modeling
Objective: calculate initial water saturations in Petrel* for volumetrics using J-
function and honouring well log data

• Cross plot well log Sw vs. TVDSS

• Calculate Pc and J from well logs
• Cross plot Sw vs. J from well logs
• Fit Petrel* user function as J=J(Sw)
• Apply J(Sw) to grid to calculate Sw
Key workflow: Well pattern design
Objective: position vertical wells on regular pattern and complete constrained
by reservoir properties

• Use Well pattern design plug-in

– Technology preview available by
end May
• Define boundary, select pattern type,
specify spacing, completion controls
Uncertainty : Terminology

Uncertainty analysis is varying

uncertain parameters to quantify the
impact on a result

• OWC is an uncertain parameter

• STOIIP is a result

OWC
Uncertainty: Sampling

100

80 Sampling picks the

STOIIP 10^6m3

parameter values.
60
Can be Experimental
40 design, Monte-Carlo, etc.

20

0
-1560 -1565 -1570 -1575 -1580 -1585 -1590 -1595 -1600 -1605 -1610
OWC
Sample values
Uncertainty: Experiments

100

80
STOIIP 10^6m3

60
Running the experiment
gives us the values at the
40 chosen sample values
20

0
-1560 -1565 -1570 -1575 -1580 -1585 -1590 -1595 -1600 -1605 -1610
OWC
Training data
Proxy

100

80
STOIIP 10^6m3

60
Proxy approximates result
40
that is slow to compute.
20 Can be polynomial, neural
net, etc.
0
-1560 -1565 -1570 -1575 -1580 -1585 -1590 -1595 -1600 -1605 -1610
OWC
Training data Proxy: 2nd order poly.
Uncertainty: Distribution of results
Running the experiment many
50
times gives distribution of result.
40 Using the proxy is quicker – but
less reliable
30
%

20

10

0
-1580 -1585 -1590 -1595 -1600 -1605
OWC
Proxy Experiments
Test data

100

80
STOIIP 10^6m3

60
Test data highlights
40
when the proxy
20 breaks down

0
-1560 -1565 -1570 -1575 -1580 -1585 -1590 -1595 -1600 -1605 -1610
OWC m
Training data Test data Proxy: 2nd order poly.
Optimization: Terminology

Optimization is varying control

parameters to maximize or minimize an
objective function

• Rate is a control parameter

• Cumulative production (reserves) is an
objective function
Uncertainty & Optimization: state of the art

• Many workflows:
– Uncertainty quantification
– Optimization
– Optimization under uncertainty
– History matching – special case of optimization under uncertainty
• Many methodologies:
– Latin Hypercube, Orthogonal Array Latin Hypercube
– Experimental Design
– Neural Net
– …
• Many vendors:
– SIS, IFP (Cougar), SPT (MEPO), Roxar (Enable), ...
– In house: Total, Chevron, XOM,, ...
Petrel* Solution – new in Petrel* 2009.1

One overall workflow & user interface in Petrel*:

1. Create base case interactively
2. Create base case workflow from base case
3. Choose task
4. Identify uncertain and control parameters
5. Define distributions for uncertain parameters, ranges for control parameters
6. Choose methodology: many algorithms plugged in via Ocean API
Petrel* 2009.1

• New uncertainty user interface

• Ocean API for samplers, proxy models, optimizers

• NO SIS algorithm plug-ins

Future

• Samplers, proxies, optimizers

– SLB and possibly third party
• Assisted history matching:
– Special case of optimization
– Revised History match analysis process for objective function
– New task to make it easy to set up
– Extended API for specialized optimizers (e.g. SimOpt gradients, well-by-well
objective function, etc.)